外文翻译--冷藏车的结构及市场潜力

1 附 录 Refrigerated vehicle structure and market potential With the improvement of living standards of society, lifestyle changes, people need more and more frozen food, fresh food, milk, flowers, and large-scale food processing enterprises. Cold chain logistics has become a buzzword transport industry, as low-temperature cold chain logistics is an important part of the key equipment, refrigerated trucks to ensure that perishable, fresh food safety during transport of the key. So, refrigerated cars and trucks compared to what ordinary special about it? Today small give us a brief introduction it. Refrigerated trucks from the construction point of view, can generally be divided into the chassis, envelope insulation, refrigeration units of three parts. Chassis: To be on the highway, the car chassis as the basis, nature is an essential part. Overall refrigerated trucks and trailers are mainly two forms of cycling, mainly to see the need and demand for tonnage of cargo loaded selection. In the city or county general short distance between the loading of the goods less delivery, more choice in light truck chassis, and engaged in long-distance transport of general traffic is also large, heavy trucks will be used in, or use the form of semi-trailer refrigerated trucks. Select the chassis needs attention? Users in the selection of car chassis, be based on the tonnage of goods, road conditions, consider the structure of the chassis and carrying capacity, fuel economy, emissions standards. Compared with selected common truck chassis, refrigerated truck chassis also consider the need to focus on the stability of refrigerated trucks normally transport goods items can not be stored for long periods, although refrigeration equipment still fast delivery. At the same time, refrigerated cargo transport environment more demanding, and if the road failed, causing the deterioration of goods, the loss will be very large. refrigerated compartment body options: Refrigerated trucks envelope different from the ordinary van, it needs to have good sealing performance and heat insulation effect, so as to ensure that refrigerated goods in a stable 2 temperature environment. Refrigerated compartment designed primarily tightness and thermal insulation properties, the structure of refrigerated trucks usually three-tier structure, both inside and outside skin of composite materials such as glass, steel, color steel, aluminum and other materials. Transport of goods within the plate material should be different and take a different material, the most expensive within the material is stainless steel plate. Insulation material laminated to the middle, the main use of polyurethane foam. High-strength plastic with four sides of the glass plate bonded together with polyurethane foam to form a closed section. Refrigerated compartment thickness: In addition to material, cargo compartment also determines the thickness of the insulation effect is good or bad, cargo compartment insulation layer thicker, the better the insulation effect, however, will reduce the space inside the cargo compartment, cargo loading capacity would be reduced, the user needs according to their actual need to select the appropriate thickness. Refrigerated compartment specific requirements: In addition, different products have different requirements on the envelope. For example, refrigerated trucks transporting meat need to customize the link on the envelope； to store refrigerated delivery truck to do small quantities, varieties, require multi-temperature refrigerated trucks layer； different temperature requirements, handling and more frequent you need to open the door refrigerated trucks . All these, according to the specific needs of the user can customize the envelope factory. Can an ordinary car into a refrigerated cargo truck? Many people can not ask an ordinary van into a refrigerated truck, Xiao Bian also asked several tuning of staff who told Xiao Bian, modified, of course it can, in the middle with insulation materials, coupled with refrigeration unit can be installed. But they believe it is more cost-effective directly into refrigeration compartment, was used as general cargo compartment is made of iron or steel, insulation is not very good, but also easy to rust, such as Lahai fresh products, due to corrosive sea water , need more attention in the choice of anti-corrosion material envelope. refrigeration unit: In the three components of refrigerated trucks, the refrigeration unit is the most important part. Less space because cargo compartment, the temperature control on the te chnical 3 requirements are higher. Refrigeration unit principle: First, let us look at the principles of refrigeration units, refrigeration units currently use refrigerated trucks is more mechanical refrigeration, refrigerators and other refrigeration and air conditioning works essentially the same equipment, at a point on the absorption of heat, and then another point in the heat. This is carried out by two points to reach the refrigerant cycle. Refrigerant through the cargo space of a coil (evaporator) abso rbs heat, and then another by the external coil (condenser) heat dissipated. Through a compressor to the refrigerant circulating in the system, compressor gasoline, diesel or motor drive. Refrigeration unit classification: Refrigeration unit from the power source can be divided into dependent and independent units are two independent units with separate power source, the unit itself independent of the diesel engine as its power source； rather than stand-alone unit power output is to rely on car chassis engine to the driven. Power output can be seen from their differences, when the car engine stops running when the non-independent refrigeration units support both lost power, cooling system stops working, or if the car is turned off when engine failure occurs in the refrigerator car will stop cooling, the quality of the goods inside are not guaranteed. Non-stand-alone refrigeration unit system is simple and easy to maintain and repair, and the price is relatively low. Stand-alone refrigeration units because more maintenance and repair of engine systems is slightly more complicated. The use of terms from the transport, the city or county if it is used as a short-range distribution between the proposed use of non-independent unit, not only lower procurement costs, even failure, is relatively easy to find some service points； the contrary is to conduct long-distance transport is recommended to use separate chillers, because even in long-distance transport in car engines stop working, refrigerators can still be normal cooling to meet the transportation safety items. Another model from the distribution in terms of seven meters and 7 meters below the recommended use of non-car detached units, 7 meters above the car better with the stand-alone. From the cost in terms of non-independent stand-alone chillers and refrigeration units in the tens of thousands more than the price difference if the budget is relatively ample, and also 4 on the lower inside temperature requirements (at least the required temperature of minus 10 degrees or less), then the proposal is still with stand-alone better. Imported or domestically? Because refrigerated items on the surrounding temperature sensitive, relatively large temperature fluctuations may cause a change in decay. If refrigerated trucks refrigerated cooling unit problems or stop working, and that for car owners, not just the loss of freight, and there are a lot of the money number. Especially for long-distance transport users, the performance of their refrigeration units for the demanding. However, the current domestic refrigeration unit temperature control with foreign brands there is a gap, in order to achieve a very good cooling effect, many users chose foreign brands. Say good goods are not cheap, the price of imported refrigerator is also very expensive, like a kind of semi-trailer refrigerated vehicles imported refrigerator, new cheapest hundreds of thousands. In contrast the price of domestic brands is very obvious advantage for price-conscious users, domestic brands is also a good choice. The new machine is too expensive imports, domestic cooling effect can not guarantee that some users will choose the second-hand imported frozen hand, the results were good. Market share of imported brands have a higher, U.S. Carrier, Thermo King, Mitsubishi, Denso, and Guo-Hua Han speed, the source of Chinese brands such as snow and ice. Brands are more, done a good job there Jinan CIMC test Siegel, Henan Hikuma, Henan fly and other enterprises. refrigeration market brief Market potential: Chinas cold chain industry, network data, due to preservation technology behind, every year about 20% to 25% and 30% of fruits and vegetables in transit transport and storage rot damage, total damage as high as millions of tons per year, worth up to 750 billion. Other data in the United States, there is an average of 500 refrigerated trucks in China and Taiwan is a 1000, while China has 1.3 billion people, but the refrigerator car ownership was 40,000. Experts estimate that China has a refrigeration capacity demand of goods accounted for only 20% to 30%. Policy support and more: From these statistics we can see that Chinas logistics industry development and economic 5 growth demand too much difference. Decision-making in recent years has continued to introduce policies to support its rapid industrial development, for example: 2007 perishable food refrigerated transport requirements of motor vehicles was promulgated； 2009 logistics industry restructuring and revitalization plan, stressed the need to focus on the development agricultural and food cold chain logistics system； in January 2010, the National Standardization Technical Committee cold chain logistics and logistics at the Technical Committee was established； first half of 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission will introduce a cold chain logistics planning of agricultural products, plans to 2015 in refrigeration technology, China has greatly ease the problem of inadequate facilities. 6 冷藏车的结构及市场潜力 随着社会生活水平的提高，生活方式的转变，人们需要越来越多的速冻食品、保鲜食品、牛奶、鲜花，以及大型食品加工企业。 “冷链物流 ”也成了运输行业的一个热门词汇，作为低温冷链物流中的一个重要环节的关键设备， 冷藏车 也是保证易腐、保鲜食品在运输过程中的安全性的关键所在。 那么， 冷藏车 与普通货车相比有哪些特殊之处呢？今天小编就给大家做个简单的介绍吧。 冷藏车 从构造上看，通常可分为汽车底盘、保温厢体、制冷机组三大部分。 汽车底盘： 要在公路上行驶，汽车底盘作为基础，自然是必不可少的一部分。 冷藏车 从整体上看主要有单车和挂车两种形式，主要还是看需要装载货物的吨位和需求选择。 一般在市区或者区县间的短距离配送装载货物较少，选用中轻卡底盘较多，而从事长途运输的一般运输量也较大，则会选用中重卡，或者选用半挂车形式的 冷藏车 。 选择汽车底盘需要注意什么？ 用户在挑选汽车底盘时， 需根据货物的吨位、路况等，考虑底盘的 结构 和承载能力、节油性、排放标准等。 跟选择普通货车底盘相比， 冷藏车 还需要重点考虑一下底盘的稳定性， 冷藏车 运输的货物通常为不能长时间保存的物品，虽然有制冷设备，仍需较快送达目的地。同时，冷藏货物对运输环境的要求更高，要是路上出现故障，导致货物变质，损失将会非常大。 冷藏车 厢体的选择： 冷藏车 的厢体不同于普通的厢式货车，它需要有很好的密封性能和隔热保温效果，这样才能保证冷藏货物在一个稳定的温度环境中。 冷藏车 厢设计主要是气密性能和保温性能，通常 冷藏车 的 结构 采用三层 结构 ，内外蒙皮采用复合材料，如玻璃钢板，彩钢板，铝合金等材质。内板材质应运输货物不同而采取不同材质，最贵的内材板应该是不锈钢板。中间夹层为保温材料，主要采用聚氨酯发泡材料。四侧用高强度胶将玻璃钢板与聚氨酯泡沫材料粘合在一起，形成一种封闭性板块。 冷藏车 厢的厚度： 除了材料，货厢的厚度也决定了保温效果的好坏，货厢保温层越厚，保温效果越 7 好，不过，货厢内部的空间会减少，货物装载量会减少，用户需根据自己的实际需要选择合适的厚度。 冷藏车 厢的特殊要求 ： 另外，不同的货品对厢体都有不同的要求。比如，运送鲜肉的 冷藏车 需要在厢体上定制挂钩；为门店做配送的 冷藏车 批量小、品种多、需要多温层 冷藏车 ；温度需求不一、装卸频繁则需要多开门 冷藏车 。凡此种种，用户可以根据具体需求向厢体厂定做。 普通厢货能不能改成 冷藏车 ？ 有不少人询问普通 厢式货车能不能改成 冷藏车 ，小编也询问了几家改装厂的工作人员，他们告诉小编，改装当然是可以的，在中间加上隔热材料，再加装上制冷机组即可。 但他们认为还是直接换成冷藏厢更为划算，因为一般货厢采用得是铁或者钢材做成的，隔热效果不是很好，同时也容易生锈，如拉海鲜产品，由于海水具有腐蚀性，在选择时更需要注意厢体材料的防腐。 冷冻机组： 在 冷藏车 这三大组成部分中，冷冻机组是最为重要的一环。因为货厢空间较小，在控制温度上技术要求也更高。 冷冻机组的原理： 首先让我们看看冷冻机组的原理，目前 冷藏车 的冷冻机组采用较多的是机械制冷，原理与空调冰箱等制冷设备基本一样，在一 个点上吸收热量，然后在另一个点上散发热量。这点通过在两个点之间进行制冷剂循环达成。制冷剂通过货物空间内的一个盘管（蒸发器）吸收热量，然后通过在外部的另一个盘管（冷凝器）散发掉热量。通过一台压缩机使制冷剂在系统内循环，压缩机使用汽油机、柴油机或电机驱动。 冷冻机组的分类： 从冷冻机组的动力来源可分为独立与非独立机组两种，独立机组拥有单独的动力源，机组本身所独立的柴油发动机作为其动力源；而非独立式机组的动力输出是依靠汽车底盘的发动机来带动的。 从动力输出就可以