（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Back to the past讲义 牛津译林版必修3.doc

unit 3 back to the past 话题词汇1.abundant adj.丰富的2.condition n.条件，状况3.disaster n.灾难4.explore v.探索5.memorize v.记忆6.widespread adj.分布广的，普遍的7.be separated from.与分离8.have a population of.有人口经典语篇假定你是李华，请给加拿大的mickey写一封信，讲述你和同学们的一次旅行。时间2015年10月1日星期四地点城外8公里外的鄱阳湖到达方式乘公共汽车出发时间7：00到达时间7：20返回时间16：00游玩安排上午划船、钓鱼、湖边午餐下午登蛇岛、采野花、拍照注意：1.写信时间为10月2日；2.词数150左右。佳作欣赏dear mickey，im pleased to write to tell you something about my travel.yesterday was friday and also the first day of october.it was fine and lovely. i went to the poyang lake with my classmates，which is 8 kilometers away from our city. we set off at 7：00 in the morning by bus and after a twentyminute drive we arrived there.we spent the whole morning boating and fishing on the lake. then we had a picnic lunch by the lake.after lunch we climbed the snake island in the lake.we enjoyed ourselves while we were picking wild flowers and taking a lot of pictures. we really had a wonderful time.we came back at 16：00 pm.how are you getting along with your vacation? im looking forward to hearing from you.yours，li hua思维发散1.将第句用定语从句合并yesterday was friday and also the first day of october，which was fine and lovely.2.将第句改为省略句i went to the poyang lake with my classmates,8 kilometers away from our city.3.仿照第句翻译句子我被锁在书房里阅读，度过了一个下午。i spent the whole afternoon locked in my study，reading.4.将第句用现在分词短语作状语改写we enjoyed ourselves，picking wild flowers and taking a lot of pictures.重点单词a.写作单词1.lecture (n.)讲座2.powerful (adj.)强有力的 3.pour (vi.)涌流，倾泻；(vt.)倒出(液体)4.salary (n.)薪金，薪水5.found (vt.)兴建，创建6.basis (n.)基础；基准；原因7.flee (vt.& vi.)逃避，逃跑；迅速离开8.solution (n.)解决办法，解答solve (vt.)解决；解答9.cultural (adj.)文化的culture (n.)文化10.aware (adj.)意识到的，知道的；察觉到的awareness (n.)意识；认识；知道unaware (adj.)没意识到，不知道，未察觉11.educate (vt.)教育；训练educated (adj.)受过教育的；有教养的education (n.)教育educator (n.)教育工作者，教师；教育(学)家12.complain (vi.)抱怨complaint (n.)抱怨，埋怨；投诉13.gradually (adv.)渐渐地，逐渐地gradual (adj.)逐渐的14.wealthy (adj.)富有的，富裕的wealth (n.)财富；财产15.extreme (adj.)极度的；极端的extremely (adv.)极其；极端；非常16.expression (n.)表达；表情，神色；词语express (vt.)表示；表达；(n.)快车；速递17.destroy (vt.)毁坏，摧毁destruction (n.)破坏，毁灭；摧毁destructive (adj.)毁灭性的；有害的，消极的b.阅读单词18.audience (n.)观众，听众19.ceremony (n.)仪式，典礼20.erupt (vi.)(火山等)爆发21.commercial (adj.)商业的，贸易的22.disaster (n.)灾难23.bomb (vt.)轰炸；(n.)炸弹24.institute (n.)(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所25.corrupt (vt.)使腐化，使堕落；(adj.)贪污的，腐败的26.declare (vt.)宣布，宣称declaration (n.)宣布；宣告；声明27.poison (n.)毒药，毒物；(vt.)毒害，下毒poisonous (adj.)有毒的28.memorial (n.)纪念碑，纪念馆；(adj.)纪念的memory (n.)记忆memorize (vt.)记住，背熟29.remains (n.)遗物，遗迹，遗骸remain (v.)保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留remaining (adj.)剩余的30.explode (vi.)爆炸explosion (n.)爆炸，爆裂.重点短语1.in memory of纪念2.no doubt无疑，确实3.take over夺取；接管4.come down with患(病)5.rise up against起义，反抗6.stand in ones path阻碍(某人).经典句式1.near the city was a volcano.城市附近有一座火山。2.today i saw the ancient roman city of pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。3.the city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。4.it is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.许多人认为它在公元200年至公元400年期间逐渐被沙尘暴所埋没。5.it seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。1词义辨析alive，living，live(1)alive意为“有生命的；有生气的，活着的”，只用作表语、后置定语或补足语，不作前置定语。既可指人，也可指物，常和living互换；stay alive活下去。(2)living意为“活的，健在的，现行的”，既可作定语，也可作表语。既可用于人，又可用于物。 living languages现用的语言；living things生物。(3)live意为 “活的，有生命的”，只作定语，且只用于物。adj.现场直播的。(1)who is the greatest man alive?who is the greatest living man?谁是当今健在的最伟大的人？(2)a broadcast of the speech was heard in san francisco，but it is not known whether this was live.在旧金山听到了这次演说的转播，但不知道是不是实况。(3)she has the best pet of alla real live tiger.她有世上最佳的宠物一只活生生的老虎。多维训练选词填空(1)she bought a live fish.(2)they managed to stay alive by eating roots.(3)there are many living things in the world.2应试指导作为高级词汇替换unlucky(1)unfortunately adv.不幸的是(2)fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的be (un)fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在方面运气(不)好it is (un)fortunate that.(不)幸运的是(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(4)fortune n.机会，运气；财富；命运；际遇make a fortune发财；致富seek/try ones fortune碰运气(1)unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her attitude. 不幸的是，改变她的态度是以一场可怕的事故为代价的。(2015福建)(2)he was unfortunate to lose in the final round.他不幸在最后一轮输了。(3)he was extremely fortunate in having such a happy family.他有一个这么幸福的家庭真是幸运。多维训练(1)用fortune的适当形式填空dont leave that to fortune.central london is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.have you heard about that fire in the market?yes，fortunately no one was hurt.(2)同义句改写she is fortunate in having/to have a good husband.(用it作形式主语改写)it is fortunate that she has a good husband.(3)he was robbed last night，but he didnt have much money on him then.a.fortunately b.eventuallyc.certainly d.surprisingly答案a解析句意为：昨天晚上他被抢了，但幸运的是那时他身上没带多少钱。fortunately“幸运地”，符合句意。(4)working abroad for years，she has made a big and started a company of her own.a.money b.fortunec.wealth d.treasure答案b解析句意为：她在国外工作多年，并赚了大钱，创办了自己的公司。make a fortune“赚大钱，发财”，为固定搭配，符合语境。3应试指导写作常用词汇in ruins毁坏；成为废墟fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎bring.to ruin使失败；使毁坏(1)dont let negativity ruin your motivation.不要让负面情绪破坏你的动力。(2015福建)(2)the old house where he was born has fallen into ruin.他出生的那栋老房子已经破败不堪了。(3)he is now brought to ruin but he has seen better days.他现在是破产了，但是他以前是富有的。多维训练用ruin的适当形式填空(1)years of fighting has left iraq ruined.(2)it rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.(3)this country was once proud of its education system.now it seems to be in ruins.(4)shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.4应试指导remain无被动用法，作连系动词时的用法(1)remain vi.保存，保留，留存；留待；(人)留下，逗留；linkv.依然是；保持；仍是remainn./adj./adv./prep.phrases/非谓语动词remain to be done有待去做(2)remaining adj.剩余的(1)the remains of the supper were taken away.晚餐吃剩的东西被收去了。(2)some of them have disappeared，while others remain today.他们中的一些已经消失了，然而另外一些仍然保存至今。(3)depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.根据你计划参加比赛的种类，你可以为比赛前接下来的几个星期制定时刻表。(2015全国)多维训练写出下列句中remain的词性及汉语意思(1)i remained three days in that country. vi.(人)留下，逗留(2)after years of hard work，tom still remained a worker.linkv.仍是(3)after the fire，little remained of his house.vi.剩下，余留(4)it remains to be seen whether her colleagues will agree.vi.留待5应试指导(1)express表“表达，表示”等，习惯上不接双宾语，可用express sth.to sb.(2)express后一般不接that从句，可接疑问词引导的从句(1)beyond expression无法形容without expression毫无表情give expression to表达；表现；把表达出来(2)express oneself 表达自己的意思(1)however，some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.但是一些课文里生词和短语太多，这对我们来说有点难。(2)the scenery was beautiful beyond expression.那风景美丽得无法形容。 (3)by doing so，i can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.这么做，我不仅可以跟别人分享好的想法，还可以学会清楚地表达自己。(2015浙江)多维训练(1)完成句子at last he found a proper way to give expression to(表达)his gratitude.he looked at me without expression(毫无表情).as a diligent student in my class，i have a good knowledge of english and can express my thoughts and opinions clearly and fluently with foreigners(跟外国人自如地交流自己的想法和观点).(2)the result might not be satisfactory but the on his face told us that he was very happy.a.expression b.importancec.celebration d.appearance答案a解析考查名词词义辨析。句意为：结果也许不令人满意，但是他脸上的表情告诉我们他很开心。expression表情，表达，符合题意。6应试指导judging by/from作状语(1)judge sb./sth.(to be).判断某人(事)judge from/by.根据判断(2)in ones judgement依某人看来(1)at the end of the trial，the judge summed up.审讯结束后，法官作了总结。(2)judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。(3)a man should be judged by his deeds，not his words.判断一个人应该根据他的行为，而不是言辞。多维训练(1)同义句改写in my opinion，all of them are to blame.in my judgement，all of them are to blame.(用judgement短语改写)as far as i am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern短语改写)(2)judging from/by what he said(从他说话的内容来判断)，he has known the result.(3)very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to everything so harshly(刻薄).a.discuss b.realizec.judge d.settle答案c解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：很快地，她开始学着欣赏生活而不是刻薄地去评判任何事。discuss讨论；realize意识到；judge判断，评判；settle解决。根据句意选c项。7应试指导take短语语境词义辨析take apart拆散，拆开take away拿走；去除take care of照顾(1)was it in 1948 that the government took over the railway in great britain?英国政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？(2)back from his twoyear medical service in africa，dr.lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.在他两年的非洲医疗服务回来后，李博士很高兴地看到他在家中被照顾得很好的母亲。(2015陕西)多维训练用take短语的适当形式填空(1)im sure that he will take over his fathers business when he is experienced enough.(2)the two sisters took care of their sick mother by turns.(3)he took the computer apart piece by piece last night.(4)add up the bills for each month and take this away from the income.8特别提醒flee侧重指仓促急速逃走，着重指动作本身；escape侧重指逃脱追捕或阻拦，重在结果。 多维训练(1)选词填空tourists flee from central america in september because thats when the rains are at their fiercest.the man escaped into the mountain to avoid the war.(2)the driver the scene of the accident，leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk.a.devoted b.avoidedc.fled d.disappointed 答案c解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：司机逃离了事故现场，留下女孩在人行道上流血。根据句意选c项。9 多维训练(1)他两周来健康欠佳。he has been out of condition for two weeks.(2)他父母允许他出去，但作为条件他要在午夜前回家。he was allowed to go out，but his parents made it a condition that he should get home before midnight.(3)销售员说汽车状况良好，而我傻得上了当。the salesman said the car was in good condition，and i was foolish enough to fall for it.(4)我决不向他道歉。on no condition will i make an apology to him.10 多维训练(1)完成句子我们必须向敌人宣战。we must declare war against our enemies.我向你声明，我在这件事上从来没有说过谎。 i declare to you that i have never lied about the affair.我宣布世界大学生运动会开幕！i declare the international universitiesgames open!(2)in some western countries，the constitution vests(授予) the president with the power to war.a.announce b.declarec.publish d.notice答案b解析句意为：在一些西方国家，宪法授予总统宣战的权利。declare宣布，宣称，declare war宣战，符合题意。announce公布，宣布，指将事情公布于众，如消息或新闻等，不如declare正式。故选b项。11 多维训练(1)完成句子直到他警告我才意识到危险。i did not become aware of the danger until he warned me.詹姆斯不知道他自己的弱点是他最大的敌人。james was not aware that his own weakness was his greatest enemy.我们要进一步提高对应急工作重要性的认识。we must further raise awareness of the importance of emergency work.(2)ordinary woman though she is，she tries every means to make people of the importance of the environment conservation.a.aware b.carefulc.sensible d.awesome答案a解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：尽管她只是一个普通的女人，她仍然尽力让人们知道保护环境的重要性。make sb.aware of sth.让某人意识/注意到某事，符合句意。12多维训练(1)短语填空some people are in favor of reform，while others are against it.the job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages.the poem is in praise of her virtues.well make a new director in place of him.the gift to the israel museum is being made in memory of michael bromberg.(2)he set up the charity his late wife.a.in place of b.in need ofc.in favour of d.in memory of答案d解析句意为：他建立这家慈善机构是为了纪念已故的妻子。in memory of纪念，符合题意。in place of代替；in need of需要；in favour of赞成，支持。13(1)表示地点、方向、时间等的介词短语放在句首时，若句子的主语是名词而不是人称代词时，往往用全部倒装结构。(2)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over there，there，now，then，here，first等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，也用全部倒装结构。(1)now，here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。(2)from the speaker comes the doctors voice.从扬声器里传来了医生的声音。(3)out rushed mary with a dog following her.玛丽冲出去了，有只狗跟着她。多维训练(1)用倒装结构翻译或完成句子铃响了。 there goes the bell.那个男孩蹑手蹑脚地走向那只鸟，当他正要去抓的时候，鸟儿飞进了树林。the child tiptoed quietly to the bird.away it flew into the forest when he was about to catch it.有一会儿什么都没有发生，然后传来了众人齐喊的声音。for a moment nothing happened.then came voices all shouting together.(2)hearing tianjins loud explosion， with nothing on her，avoiding being killed.a.out did she rush b.out rushed shec.rushed she out d.out she rushed答案d 解析考查倒装句。句意为：一听到天津大爆炸，为了避免被炸死，她身上什么也没有带，就冲出去了。当表示运动方向的副词或地点状语位于句首时，表示运动的谓语动词要用倒装结构。当主语是普通名词时，用完全倒装；当主语是代词时，用部分倒装。本句中“out”表示运动方向，主语she是代词，故选d。(3)here ！here with a young lady.a.comes my brother；comes heb.my brother comes；he comesc.comes my brother；he comesd.my brother comes；comes he答案c解析表示方位的副词here位于句首，且第一句的谓语动词为comes，主语是名词my brother，该句要全部倒装；第二句的主语是代词he，故主谓不倒装。14it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。it turns/turned out that.原来是；结果是it turns/turned out to be.原来是；结果是(1)it turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。(2)the party turned out to be very successful.晚会结果开得很成功。多维训练(1)结果这个工作比我们想象的要难。the job turned out to be harder than we thought.(2)结果他的兄弟死于心脏病。it turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.(3)那工厂生产出了更多高质量的产品。the factory has turned out more products of good quality.微写作写作素材(关于室友关系)1.今天下午一些学者和研究者将给我们做关于与室友关系的报告。2.无疑这对我们学生是有好处的。3.在复旦大学研究生黄洋被室友投毒后，我们应该意识到互相抱怨是不好的。4.我们应该友好相处，设法找到解决问题的合适办法。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)this afternoon some scholars and researchers will give us a lecture on relationship with our roommates.no doubt its good for us students.after huang yang，a postgraduate student at fudan university was poisoned by his roommate, we should be aware that its not good to complain about each other.we should get along well with others and try to find proper solutions to problems.单项填空1.the moment the 30th olympic games open，the whole world cheered.a.declared b.have been declaredc.have declared d.were declared答案d解析the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语the 30th olympic games与谓语declare是被动关系，所以首先可排除a、c两项。而b项是现在完成时，不符合题干的时态要求。2.the ability an idea is as important as the idea itself.a.expressing b.expressedc.to express d.to be expressed答案c解析句意为：表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。ability后通常跟动词不定式(短语)作后置定语，故排除a、b两项；此处the ability与express是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动意义，故排除d项。所以选c。3.the accident caused some to my car，but its nothing serious.a.harm b.injuryc.ruin d.damage答案d解析考查名词词义辨析。句意为：这次事故对我的车造成了一些损伤，但不严重。根据but its nothing serious可知损伤不严重，用damage表示可以修复。harm一般指对人的无形伤害；injury指对人体部位的挫伤；ruin指不可修复的严重伤害。所以选d。4.briggs will as general manager when mitchell retires.a.get away b.take overc.set off d.run out答案b解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：briggs将在mitchell退休后接任总经理。get away走开；take over接管；set off出发；run out用尽。所以选b。5.all the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.a.show；are b.shows；arec.show；is d.shows；is答案d解析句意为：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多化学物质的使用正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence“证据(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词应用单数形式shows；宾语从句的主语是use“使用(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词要用is。所以选d。6.walmart，which is one of the largest american supermarket chains， some of its stores open 24 hours on mondays through saturdays.a.keeps b.keepc.have kept d.had kept答案a解析句意为：沃尔玛，美国最大的超市连锁店之一，让部分店从星期一24小时营业一直到星期六。显然，这是个经常反复发生的动作，应使用一般现在时，主语为walmart，为第三人称单数，故选a项。7.the basketball coach，as well as his team， interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.a.were b.wasc.is d.are答案b解析考查动词时态和主谓一致。as well as连接两个并列成分时，强调前者，谓语动词与前者保持一致，故主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数；根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选b。8.the factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which saved for other purposes.a.is b.arec.was d.were答案d解析句意为：这家工厂使用了65%的原料，其余的被省下来用作其他用途。题中the rest of which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代raw materials。the rest of“其余的，剩余的”作主语时谓语动词取决于其后所跟的名词，而which指代剩余的raw materials，是复数名词，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式，根据前半句中的谓语动词used可知从句也要用一般过去时，所以选d项。9.having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains whether they will enjoy it.a.to see b.to be seenc.seeing d.seen答案b解析考查remain作连系动词时的用法，it为形式主语。句意为：到国外旅行对这对老夫妇当然好，但他们是否喜欢还要拭目以待。所以选b。10.when you are old enough to things，you should decide your path in life.a.judge b.choosec.study d.research答案a解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：当你年龄大到足以判断事情，你应该决定自己的人生道路。judge判断，符合句意。11.john opened the door.there he had never seen before.a.a girl did stand b.a girl stoodc.did a girl stand d.stood a girl答案d解析句意为：约翰打开门，一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里。以here，there，up，down等副词开头且主语为名词的句子通常用全部倒装语序，即把谓语动词提到主语的前面。所以选择d。12.the flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.a.causing b.being causedc.to be caused d.to have caused答案c解析考查sb./sth.be said/reported/believed.to do sth.句型。flu与cause之间是被动关系，所以选c。13.local citizens placed flowers at the corner of one street in hamilton，canada， the canadian soldier，who was killed by a gunman.a.in favor of b.in memory ofc.in terms of d.in spite of答案b解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为：当地居民在加拿大哈密尔顿的一条街道的拐弯处摆放了鲜花，来纪念那个被持枪歹徒杀死的加拿大士兵。in favor of赞成，支持；in terms of就而言；in spite of尽管。in memory of为了纪念，符合语境，故选b项。14.the wire was found broken.and ，there happened to be no one getting near.a.therefore b.howeverc.otherwise d.fortunately答案d解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为：发现电线断了。幸运的是，碰巧附近没人。根据句意选d。15.would you like to with us to the film tonight?a.come along b.come offc.come across d.come through答案a解析考查动词短语辨析。come along一起；come off脱落；come across偶遇；come through穿过。根据句意，应该选择a。.阅读理解about 8 miles away from the small town of louisa，virginia，a mysterious hidden community is loc