高三英语一轮总复习 专题3.1 Festivals around the world（词汇短语）（含解析）.doc

专题3.1 festivals around the world【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. mean vt. 意味；想要；意欲 vi. 用意【教材原句】festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year. 节日就是庆祝一年中重要的日子。【归纳拓展】mean to do sth. 意欲做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean sth. to sb. 对某人有重要意义be meant to do 意在做；应该干what do you meanby? 你说是什么意思？mean no harm 没有恶意meaning n. 意思；意义即学即练(1)进入这个寺庙时必须脱鞋。youre _ _ _ your shoes off when you enter the temple.(2)我们不应该只在旁边坐着，被动地看着别人生活。we _ _ _ _ _ on the sideline, passively watching others live.(3)这份杂志是编给年轻女孩看的。the magazine _ _ _ young girls.(4)ouch! you hurt me!i am sorry. but i_ _ _ any harm. i _ _ to drive a rat out.【答案】(1)meant to take(2)are not meant to sit(3)is meant for(4)did not mean；was trying2. starve vi. vt. (使)饿死；(使)挨饿【教材原句】at that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.【归纳拓展】starve to death 饿死stave for sth. 渴望得到某物starve sb. of sth. 使某人得不到某物而受苦或渴望获得某物starvation n.挨饿，饿死die of starvation 饿死be starving 非常饥饿即学即练(1)at least eleven siberian tigers have _ _ _ in the past three months at a northeastern wildlife zoo. 在一家东北野生动物园里，至少十一只东北虎在过去的三个月里饿死了。(2)the lonely child _ _ _ companionship. 那个孤独的孩子正渴望陪伴。(3)the children had been _ _ love for years. 几年来孩子们渴望得到爱。(4)the poor beggar _ _ _. 那个可怜的乞丐饿死了。【答案】 3. trick v. 欺骗，诈骗；n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门；习惯【教材原句】if the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.【归纳拓展】play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯/诀窍trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人look down upon sb. 歧视某人即学即练(1)we need some _ _ _ _ people outside. 我们需要一些跟外面的人开的玩笑。(2)she _ _ _ _ raising her eyebrows at the end of a question. 她有一个习惯，在提问结束时总要扬起眉毛。(3)stay alert so that no one _ _ _ _ your money. 保持警惕，以免有人骗你的钱。(4) mother _ _ _ _ the medicine. 妈妈骗我吃了药。【答案】 4. gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润；vt. 得到；获得，赢得；增加，增添；到达；(钟、表等)快【教材原句】, the leader who helped gain indias independence from britain.【归纳拓展】gain weight 增加体重gain sth. from/by . 从处获益gain others respect/love/trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任gain in sth. 增加；增长即学即练根据汉语意思完成句子(1)他考试得了满分。in 1905 japan _ _ _ _ _ by other countries, including the western superpowers as it defeated russia in the 1905 ruso-japanese war and came out. 1905日本获得了其他国家包括西方大国的许多尊敬，因为它在1905年的日俄战争中击败了俄罗斯。(2)my watch _ _ _ a day. 我的表一天快5分钟。【答案】【明辨异同】辨析gain, win, get, earn, acquiregain指在斗争、竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值。win含有取胜的一方具有优越的物质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程面逐渐获得。5. gather vt. vi. 聚集，集合；收拢，归拢；收集；搜集；增加(速度、力量等)；收割【教材原句】people are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.【归纳拓展】gather experience 积累经验gather wealth 积累财富gather breath 喘口气gather crops 收割庄稼gather sth. in 捡拾或收割(庄稼)gather speed 加速gather up 收集；收拾；打起精神gathering n. 聚集，集合，集会；采集，收集，积聚即学即练(1)i sat down for a moment to _ _ _ (积蓄力量).(2)the mother told the boy to _ _ _ _ (把他的玩具收起来).(3)the teacher _ _ _ _ (使全体学生集合) on the playground.(4)the police _ _ _ _ _ (已收集了大量有关资料) about the murder.(5)the car _ _ _ (逐渐加速) on the open road.【答案】 6. award vt. 授予；判定；n. 奖；奖品【教材原句】some people might win awards for their farm produce【归纳拓展】(1)作动词意为“授予；奖给”，后多接双宾语award sb. sth.，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded。(2)作名词意为“奖，奖品；奖金”。win the second award 获得二等奖win the award of $10,000 赢得一万美元奖金(3)award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。即学即练一、根据汉语意思完成句子(1)medals _ _ _ the best speakers on the debating team. 奖章授予辩论队中的最佳演说者。(2)he _ _ _ _ in the contest. 他得到了比赛的最高奖。(3)he won the _ _ the best student of the year. 他获得本年度优秀学生奖。【答案】(1)are awarded to(2)got the highest award(3)award for【明辨异同】prize, reward, award(1)prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。(2)reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到赏金、酬金。 (3)award 作名词用时与prize相似，都指因为杰出成就而受奖；作动词用时award意为“授与，颁发；判给”。二、用prize, reward, award填空(1)he received a medal _ _ _ for his courage. 他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。(2) _ _ was given to the person who had the winning number. 奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。(3)last night costa coffee _ _ corporate citizen of the year at the london evening standard business awards 2017. 昨晚科斯塔咖啡在伦敦标准商业颁奖典礼晚会上被授予“2017年度企业公民”。【答案】 7. admire v.钦佩；赞美；羡慕【教材原句】china and japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in china, enjoy mooncakes.【归纳拓展】admire oneself 自我欣赏admire ones sth. 钦佩某人的某方面admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人admirable adj. 可钦佩的；极佳的admiring adj. 羡慕的；赞美的admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩have great admiration for sb. 钦佩某人with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地即学即练(1)my deskmate _ my fluent english very much and i usually feel encouraged by his compliments. 同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语，我经常被他的赞美所鼓舞。(2)everybody _ _ _ his fine sense of humour. 人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。(3)i dont agree with her, but i _ _ _ sticking to her principles. 我不同意她的意见，但是我赞赏她恪守原则。(4)he waved his hands, as if words failed to _ _ _. 他摆摆手，仿佛他的赞赏实在难以言表。【答案】 8. remind vt. 提醒；使想起remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind (sb.) + that / how / what 提醒即学即练一、根据汉语意思完成句子(1)the pictures _ _ _ my school days. 这些照片使我想起学生时代。(2) _ _ _ write to my mum. 提醒我给母亲写信。 (3)she _ _ _ we had in fact met before at a conference in beijing.她提醒我我们实际以前在北京的一个会议上碰过面。(4)i need the plans to _ _ what to do. 我需要计划去提醒我做什么。【答案】(1)reminded me of【明辨异同】remind/recallremind意为“提醒，使想起”，指因为外界的刺激而想起了过去的事，侧重提醒。recall意为“回忆，使回忆”，侧重有意识地回忆起过去的事情。二、用上述词语填空at first i could not _ where i had left the book, but her words _ me of the place where i put it. 开始我不能回忆起我把书落哪儿了，但是她的话提醒了我我把书放的地方。【答案】recall; reminded二、核心短语回顾1. take place 发生【教材原句】discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.【明辨异同】take place/happen/occur/come about/break out英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语意义用法语态take place发生；举行；举办多指有组织、有计划的事件的“发生”，没有偶然性这几个词汇均不可用于被动语态happen碰巧发生一般用于偶然或突发性事件occur发生；突然想起其意义相当于happen，常用于句型：it occurs/occurred to e about发生；产生多指事情已发生；但不知道为什么，多用于否定句和疑问句break out爆发多指战争、灾难、瘟疫、争吵等事件的发生即学即练(1)the new york fashion show will _ in september. 纽约时装秀将于九月举行。(2)it happened _ that day. 那天恰好下雨。(3)the traffic accident _ on wednesday. 那场交通事故发生在星期三。(4)how does it _ that you were caught by the police? 你怎么会被警察抓去的？【答案】(1)take place 2. in memory of 纪念；追念【教材原句】for the japanese festival obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.【归纳拓展】in case of 万一in honour of 为了纪念in favour of 支持，赞成in search of 寻找in place of 代替in charge of 负责，掌管in need of 需要in praise of 歌颂in spite of 尽管即学即练用上述短语填空。(1)_ _ _ emergency, ring the alarm bell. 如遇紧急情况，请按警铃。(2)the job is great _ salary, but it has its disadvantages.就薪金而言， 这个工作挺不错的， 但也有一些不利之处。(3)we are all _ the reform. 我们都支持这项改革。(4)他们开放了一个新公园，以纪念在那次大地震中死去的人们。they opened a new park _ _ _ the people who lost their loves in the big earthquake.(5)he founded the charity _ his late wife. 他创办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。【答案】 3. look forward to期待，盼望【教材原句】the most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.【归纳拓展】带to的动词词组be (get) used to 习惯于stick to 坚持object to 反对lead to 导致be devoted to 献身于be sentenced to 被宣判为prefer to 喜欢come to 谈到look forward to 期待add to 增添即学即练一、翻译句子(1)我盼望再次见到你。_(2)我们期待的日子终于来了。_(3)我盼望着收到你的来信。_(4)他的画展将于下个月开幕，我盼望着它的到来。_【答案】【明辨异同】look forward to/expect/hopelook forward to意为“盼望，期待”，指怀着愉快的心情期待着。look forward to中的to是介词，其后不能接动词原形，后面接名词、代词或动词ing形式。expect意为“期望，盼望”，指预料某事将会或很可能发生，多指好的事情。后面接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词不定式作宾补的复合宾语，也可接that从句。hope意为“希望”，后面接动词不定式或that从句。即学即练二、用上述单词或短语填空。(1)i am so much _ your reply. 我非常盼望收到你的回信。(2)you cant _ learn a foreign language in a few months. 不要指望在几个月之内就学会一门外语。(3)i _ that you will have a good time there. 我希望你在那儿玩得愉快。【答案】 4. turn up 出现，到场turn up除可以表示“来、出席(某活动)”(常用于口语)；还可以表示“出现，找到”，“把(收音机等的)音量开大一些”，也用turn up，其反义短语是turn down(关小)。【教材原句】but she didnt turn up.【归纳拓展】有关turn的短语turn down 拧小，拒绝turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn out 结果是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助turn away 走开；转脸过去；把打发走turn in 进入；交出；上交turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑即学即练用有关turn的短语填空(1)guess who _ _ at marys wedding. 猜猜都有谁参加了玛丽的婚礼。(2)_ _ _ _; i cant hear it. 把电视的音量调高一点，我听不见。(3)vice president pence has _ _ all his emails related to indiana state business from a personal aol account. 副总统彭斯已经从个人aol帐户中把他所有有关印第安纳州生意的相关电子邮件交出。(4)even those who were once for him began to _ _ him. 连那些曾经支持他的人也开始反对他了。(5)how do you think the match will _ _？你想比赛结果会是怎么样？(6)quick, _ _ the gas; the milk will boil over. 快把煤气关掉，牛奶要溢出来了。【答案】(1)turned up 5. keep ones word 守信用【教材原句】she said she would be there at seven oclock, and he thought she would keep her word.【归纳拓展】eat ones words 收回某人的话have a word in