上海版牛津英语六年级第二学期期末复习.doc

六年级期末复习不定冠词(a/an)的用法1. I would like to be a policeman. （职业前加“a”或“an”）2. There is a beautiful garden behind the house.（翻译成中文， 有“一”的意思）3. 习惯用语：have a good/great time, half an hour, tell a lie, make a (shopping) list, have a picnic, have a barbecue, have a healthy diet, have an unhealthy diet, Thats a good idea. 等定冠词the的用法1. I have a cat and a dog. The cat is white and the dog is brown. （再次提到的人和物前）2. Our classroom is on the third floor. （on + the+序数词+floor）3. I play the piano every day. （乐器前面）习惯用语: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, for the first time, Friends of the the earth, the environment, at the weekend, one on the left/right, the one in the middle, in the city, in the countryside, at the entrance等一般不用冠词的情况1. What do you have for breakfast? （一日三餐前）2. We play football after school every day. (球类运动前)固定词组：by train/motorcycle, on foot, at night, at noon, watch TV, go to school, walk to school, be late for school, at weekends, start work, finish work, in class等。人称代词主格宾格所有格我(的)Imemy我们(的)weusour你/你们(的)youyouyour他(的)hehimhis她(的)sheherher它(的)ititits他们(的)theythemtheir主格：用作句子的主语 宾格：用在动词和介词后面 所有格：表示“的”疑问代词Wh- wordmeaningQuestionAnswerWhat什么What do you do for Spring Festival?We have a New Years dinner together.Which哪一个Which would you like?Id like this yellow one.Where哪里Where is my pen?It is in the pencil case.Why为什么Why are you so happy today?Its my birthday!How怎么样How do you travel to school every day?By bus.We use How questions to ask for numbers or amounts.How meaningQuestionAnswerHow many多少（可数）How many people are there?There are seven.How much多少 (不可数)How much sugar do we need every day?Only a little.How much多少钱How much did you spend on the book?35 yuan. 不定代词1. Some和any的用法（1）some用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句要改为any （2）当疑问句希望得到肯定的回答，可以用some e.g. There is some milk in the bottle. Would you like some? There isnt any milk in the bottle. May I have some? Is there any milk in the bottle? Shall we buy some?2. few, a few, little, a little(1) We need _ ( a few, a little) fat every day.重点一：few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词3. Hurry up! We have only _ ( a little, a few, little, few) time ! There are _ (a little, a few, little, few) spicy sausages in the fridge. Lets go and buy some.重点四：a little, a few表示“一点点”，肯定含义； little, few表示“几乎没有”，否定含义。固定搭配 only/still a little, only/ still a few3. onethe other, someothers, others, each other(1) She is always kind to others. others=other people 别人(2) They always help each other. each other 互相(3) I have two sons. One lives in the USA, the other lives in Australia. onethe other 一个另一个（前提两个人或物）(4) Some students like cartoons, others like science fiction. some, others 一些, 另一些名词1.可数名词( Countable Noun)的复数规则变化: A.一般情况 加+s e.g. toy-toys month-months coin-coins B.以s, x, sh, ch结尾 加+es e.g. classclasses boxboxes churchchurches brush-brushes dish-dishes C.以f 或fe 结尾 去f 或 fe改为ves e.g. shelf-shelves knife-knives wolf-wolvesD.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变y 为i ,再加ese.g. city-cities country-countries lady-ladies (比较: day-days boy-boys)2.可数名词的复数不规则变化A. 以o结尾e.g. potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes (比较: radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos kilo-kilos zoo-zoos kangaroo-kangaroos) B.单复同形e.g. sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseC.改变元音e.g. man-men woman-women policeman-policemen postman-postmen businesswoman-businesswomen child-children mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达与可数名词搭配的量词与不可数名词搭配的量词a few一些(表示肯定)a little一些(表示肯定)few (表示否定)little (表示否定)many 许多much 许多与可数名词和不可数名词都可搭配的量词a lot of (=lots of) 许多plenty of 大量的 some 一些（用于肯定句）any 一些（用于否定句和疑问句）enough 足够的（用于名词之前）数词one-first two-second three-third four-fourth five-fifth six-sixth seven-seventh eight-eighth nine-ninth ten-tenth eleven-eleventh twelve-twelfth thirteen-thirteenthfourteen-fourteenth fifteen-fifteenth sixteen-sixteenth seventeen-seventeenth eighteen-eighteenthnineteen-nineteenth twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty-fiftieth sixty-sixtiethseventy-seventieth eight-eightieth ninety-ninetieth hundred-hundredth钟的表示在 7:15 at a quarter past seven / at seven fifteen在 8:30 at half past eight/ at eight thirty在11:45 at a quarter to twelve / at eleven forty-five在 1:58 at two (minutes) to two / at one fifty-eight半小时之内（包括半小时）常用介词past, 半小时之后用介词to。形容词和副词的用法及位置在名词前作定语 在系动词后作表语1.We should have_ a healthy diet. (health) 1.He became very angry (angrily).2. I like the lovely baby very much.( love) 2.Chillies taste spicy (spice).形容词作宾语补足语keep/ make +sb./sth. +adj.1. We should keep the room _(clean). clean2. This bad news made him_(happy). unhappy形容词的位置和成分: 1.在名词前作定语 2.在系动词后作表语3.作宾语补足语（keep, make)How do we get adverbs?widelywide+lyespeciallyespecial+lyextremelyextreme+lycompletelycomplete+lytrulytrue+lyreallyreal+lycloselyclose+lyquietlyquiet+lyimmediatelyimmediate+lyexcitedlyexcited+lyadv.adj.+lycomplete completely add lyheavy heavily for adjs ending in y, change y to i and add lywellgood形容词比较级的拼写规则音节原级比较级 拼写规则单音节词 talltaller一般的词+er safesafer以e结尾的词+r fatbigthinhotredwetfatterbiggerthinnerhotterredderwetter以重读闭音节结尾双写最后辅音字母+er形容词比较级的拼写规则音节原级比较级拼写规则双音节词healthyhealthier以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,去y 为变i+er easyeasiercarefulmore careful以-ful, less, ing, ed,ly, ive, able等后缀结尾的词前加more多音节词difficult more difficult前加more 不规则变化 bad/ ill- worse good -better many /much -more little -less形容词比较级的常用结构：1) than 2) A or B?e.g. The book is heavier than that one. e.g. Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?形容词的同级比较1）as +原级+ as: 和一样 e.g. Peter is as tall as Mike. This shirt is as cheap as that one.2）“不如” not as +原级+as not so+原级+as less+原级+ thane.g. My room is not as/so big as your room. My room is less big than your room.原级、比较级之间的转换Tom isnt as tall as Sandy. =Tom is _ _Sandy. shorter than =Sandy is _ _Tom. taller thannot so/asas - 比较级 than 辨析：介词in, on, at地点：in+大地点 e.g. in Beijing/ China on +岛屿 e.g. on Lucky Island at +小地点 e.g. at the bus-stop at the airport时间:in + 年份/季节/月份 e.g. in 2012/spring/May on + 具体某天/具体某天的某个时段 e.g. on Saturday / on Monday morning at + 钟点 e.g. at six oclockin + 一个被包围的空间 “在里”in the Arts and Crafts room 在美术劳技教室里 in the hall 在大厅里 in the Music room 在音乐教室里 on the + 序数词 + 楼层 “在楼上” on the second floor 在三楼 on Lucky Island 在幸运岛上at + 较小的地方 “在” at the entrance 在入口处 at the airport 在机场 at the bus-stop 在车站其它介词（固定搭配）：1. get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物 far away from 远离2. I usually go shopping with her. 与某人一起 share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 help sb. with sth. 在方面帮助某人3. be late for 迟到; for the first time 第一次 wait for等待 cook food for people 为人们烧吃的make sth. for sb./buy sth. for sb. 为某人买/做某物4. be kind/friendly/helpful to sb. 对某人 sell things to people 买东西给人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物5. look at 看着; look for 寻找; look after 照顾 listen to 听着6. get to spl. 到达某地 =arrive in/at spl.7. by bus/car/ferry/underground on foot on the bus/ underground/ train in a car/ taxi8. on the/ones way to spl. 在某人去某地的路上 on ones way here/there/home9. in the classroom, on the road, in the library, in the park, walk on the grass, run across the road, on the left/right , in the middle of, in the shopping centre10. have sth. for breakfast/lunch/dinner in the supermarket/market in the frozen food section at the fish stall11. all kinds of + 名词复数 各种各样的 different kinds of + 名词复数 多种多样的连系动词感官动词：taste, look, sound, feel, smell + adj. become(变得) + adj.She looks happy.Your idea sounds wonderful. He became fit and healthy.e.g. Jimmy made a mistake, his father looked _ and his mother looked _ at him. (angry)常用情态动词can, may, must, need, shall, will, should 等，后面跟动词原形。can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以”；cant意为“不会，不能，不可以” 。may 表示允许、也许，意为“可以，也许，可能”。对may的一般问句的回答，肯定回答 是：Yes, please. /Certainly. /Sure.等。否定回答是：No，you cant. / No, you may not.must 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须，应该”，具有强制性。否定形式must not或mustnt。must一般问句的肯定回答 用Yes, you must.否定回答用No, you neednt.shall, will用来征求对方意见，也可以用于一般将来时。shall只用于第一人称，will适用于所有人称。should 为shall 的过去式，有“应该”的意思，但语气比must 弱，不具有强制性。Need的用法1)情态动词（用法与can, must, should一致） 肯定： need do sth. （need不随人称变化） 否定：neednt do sth. 一般疑问： Needdo sth.? 回答： Yes, need. (No, neednt.e.g. Mike need review his lessons every day. You neednt worry about him. He can do it well. Must I do homework now? No, you neednt.2) 实义动词： 肯定： need to do sth. need sth. 否定：dont need to do dont need sth. 一般疑问：Doneed to do? Doneed sth? 回答： Yes, do. Yes, do. No, dont. No, dont. e.g. He needs to buy some food for the picnic. We dont need any money. Did he need to come?试一试：1.Simon needs to take a bus to school. （否定句） Simon doesnt need to take a bus to school.2. They need some eggs to make a cake. （一般疑问句） Do they need any eggs to make a cake?3. Students need preview their lessons before class. （否定句） Students neednt preview their lessons before class.四种时态一般现在时： 1)肯定句： I usually go shopping with her. 频率 副词 We often go shopping together. always adv.总是 Alice always goes shopping. usually adv.通常 2) 否定句：I dont always go shopping. often adv.经常 They dont always go shopping. sometimes adv.有时 Mike doesnt always watch TV. seldom adv. 很少，几乎不 3) 一般疑问句：Do you/ the boys always go shopping? never adv. 从不 Does Linda always go shopping 这些频率副词通常用来描述平时做的有规律的事情，用一般现在时。现在进行时 (标志词 now, these days, Look! Listen! Be careful! Look out! Watch out! Be quiet或根据上下文)一、用法表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。Were learning English now. 二、构成肯定句：主语+ am/are/is +doing.否定句：主语+ am/are/is+ not +doing.疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+ doing?一般将来时 (be going to + V.) (标志：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, next week, in 2015, in the future, in + 时间段)用法：表示“打算”、“准备”在最近做某事结构：（肯定句）主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形. e.g. I am going to put it on the floor. （否定句）主语+am/is/are not going to +动词原形. e.g. He is not going to paint the bookcase tomorrow. （疑问句） Am/Is/Are+主语+ going to +动词原形? e.g. Are you going to come back tomorrow? 一般将来时will will do sth.= be going to do sth. 将要做某事肯定： 主语+will+动词原形否定： 主语+wont / will not +动词原形一般疑问： Will+主语+动词原形? Yes, will. / No, wont.e.g. He will have a meeting tomorrow.一般过去时的结构 标志词Yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) last night (week, month, year) (two days, a week, three years ) ago in 1990 (1998) in the past just now陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它 I cleaned the room yesterday.否定句：主语+助动词didnt+动词原形+其它 I didnt clean the room yesterday.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它 Did you clean the room yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.现在完成时：the Present Perfect Tense It has been a long and tiring day today.肯定：主语+have/has + 动词过去分词It hasnt been a long and tiring day today.否定：主语+have/has not+ 动词过去分词Has it been a long and tiring day today?疑问：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？Yes, it has./No, it hasnt. 现在完成时可用来表示：1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。A: Mum, have you bought any garlic?B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you buy it?B: In the market, at the vegetable store.A