英语完全倒装和部分倒装--解决不易懂.doc

完全倒装完全倒装则指将谓语动词完全（全部）置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。主语只能是名词。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如：表示地方，方位的副词和介词词组，介词短语置于句首时，句子要全部倒装，介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移，不能拆开。Away he went. 他跑远了。主要分为以下几种类型：1. there/here/then/now/next 等地点副词和时间副词+V.+主语 2. up/down/off/out/in/away 等表示运动方向的副词 +V.+主语 3. in the room, on the wall + V+主语 等介词短语+V.+主语 4. such+ be.+主语用法说明与经典例句：1. 在以 here , there 等表示地点的here型副词开头的句子里， 要用全部倒装以示强调。在描述情景时，为了使景象更生动，有时把here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等方向性副词作为句子开头，句子用完全倒装。此时，子主语必须是名词；谓语动词通常是be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等表示位移的不及物动词，且为一般时态；其中的here, there不是表示地点，而是用以引起对方注意。如：here comes the bus.There is a hole in the wall. Here are some advertisements about cars. 这儿是几则有关汽车的广告。2. 以表示时间的副词Now， then 引导的句子，谓语动词是come, begin, end, follow, be等表示位移或状态的词时， 句子要用全部倒装。Then came the workers.Now is your turn.注：如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。Then he went.3. 表示方位的副词out, up, down, in, away, 置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。Out rushed the Children.主语是人称代词不倒装。Away he went.4. 表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。In front of the school is the hospital.注：介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移，不能拆开。5. Such 引导的完全倒装句这就是我的英语老师， 一个简单而负责的人。Such is my English teacher, a simple and responsible woman.这就是事实，无人可以否认Such are the facts, no one can deny them.6.状语或表语类为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装，如：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫7.非谓语动词类有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是她的妻子。Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。To be carefully considered are the following questions.下列问题都要仔细考虑。8. 直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装若直接引语的部分或全部放在句首，并且说话人是名词时，将say或ask置于说话人前，构成完全倒装。如：“Are you ready?” asked the teacher. “准备好了没有？”老师问道。“It is unbelievable!”said Alfred Butts. 阿尔弗雷德布滋说，“这真叫人难以置信！”9.在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：Long live the Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐注意：上述全部倒装结构中的主语必须是名词， 如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装，如下：Here you are. 给你。这是给某人某物的习惯用语Here he comes.他来了Away they went.他们走开了部分倒装如果只把助动词，情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前，这种语序称为部分倒装。1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语或含有否定意义的副词位于句首时。如no， not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time 决不， by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until等Hardly could he believe his own eyes.Never have I been to this kind of restaurant.Little did I know about him before.Not a mistake did I make.如下：Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演，Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。后来我再也没见到过他了。I never saw him again.Never did I see him again.他很少出去吃饭。He seldom goes out for dinner.Seldom does he go out for dinner.她几乎没时间听音乐。She hardly has time to listen to music.Hardly does she have time to listen to music.他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。He little realized the danger he faced.Little did he realize the danger he faced2.Only+状语 置于句首时，要用部分倒装。Only in this way can you learn English well.注意：only以下两种情况不倒装a. only后不接状语 b only后接的是状语从句，是个句子不是状语短语的时候。Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back home.3.把副词so 放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，构成“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构时，用部分倒装。Your sister is a nurse, so is mine.(这里 mine=my sister).注：当后者对前者所说的内容表示赞同或加以例证，强调时，用结构“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示，意为的确如此。-Tom like music-so he does. 他的确很喜欢。5. 把neither 和 nor放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人（或物），构成neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构时，用部分倒装。No either= neither-Mary didnt go to school yesterday.-Neither/nor did I.注：系动词be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 在形式上与前一句的谓语保持一致，而其数则由后一句的主语而定。6. not only.but also连接并列的句子，前一部分倒装，后面部分不倒装，neithernor连接并列的句子，前后都倒装。Not only does he learn to speak English, but also he learns to write in English.注：如果置于句首的not only.but also连接两个并列主语， 则句子不用倒装结构。Not only he but also I like football.7.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装.其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+。a当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.= not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the roomNot until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。Not until next week will the sports meet be held. 这里be动词不用前置倒装。直到下周才开运动会Not until we finished our homework did he come.Not until midnight did he return.bnot until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.上面两句改为强调句为:It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.因此呢,现在的用法属于not until 的强调结构.这种用法很常见8.as, though 引导的部分倒装as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意：1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词)Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a) Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。)Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.(副词提到句首)Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。9.so that，suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，要部分倒装例如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。10.在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨，我们就不会去打篮球了。=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.Had I prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job.如果我准备充分了，就不会失去这份工作了=If I had prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job.Were I you, I would try it again.=If I were you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。部分倒装总结1. never, hardly, seldom, little, scarcely.2. only.+ V.+S.3. not only +V.+S,but also4. so/neither/nor + V.+S.5. so/such+ V.+S.+that全部倒装与部分倒装区别英语句子一般主语在前， 谓语在后， 但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求，要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的成分提前，我们称这种语序为倒装语序。解释1：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如系动词，助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。解释2：完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）解释3：为了表示强调，经常将never等否定副词或by no means等杏定词组放在句首，此时句子要求将系动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，而谓语部分位置不变，这就是部分倒装。Not until yesterday did little John change his