组合机CAD系统开发与究外文翻译@中英文翻译@外文文献翻译

外文资料 The aggregate machine-tool CAD system development and research Abstract aggregate machine-tool CAD is in Window 95/98, Wndows under the NT4.0 environment, designs personnels special-purpose CAD system with VC5.0 and the AutoCAD R14 ADS/ARX technology development face the aggregate machine-tool.This software technological advance, performance reliable, function strong, convenient practical, has provided the modernized design tool for our country aggregate machine-tool profession. Key word: Aggregate machine-tool CAD jig CAD multi-axle-box CAD 1 uses the aggregate machine-tool CAD technology imperative The aggregate machine-tool is with according to serialized, the standardized design general part and the special purpose machine which composes according to the work piece shape and the processing technological requirement design special-purpose part, belongs to the disposable design, the disposable manufacture piecework product.Therefore, the design quantity is big, the design work is complex.In the current competition intense market economy, the user to the engine bed technical sophistication, the quality reliability as well as the goods supply cycle all requests very high, but guaranteed these many factors the key is the design. In the past that backward manual design method has not been able to satisfy the product design the request, uses the CAD technology, throws off the chart board, has become the current technological revolution the tidal current, imperative. 2 aggregate machine-tool CAD the application present situation Overseas aggregate machine-tool CAD technology research starts the comparison early.At the beginning of the 70s, some industry developed country first starts in the multi-axle-box CAD aspect to study. Has entered since in particular for the 90s, along with the computer technology development, the interactive cartography and the database management system and so on the development and the application, causes the aggregate machine-tool CAD technology day by day practical also the use scope expands unceasingly, the developed country has used the CAD technology generally in the aggregate machine-tool design.At present, to CAD/CAM integrative system development. In recent years, according to us to American several main engine bed factories (BURGMAST, KINGSBURY, companies and so on INGERSOLL LAMB, CINCINNATI, MILACRON, CROSS) the understanding, its CAD technology obtained the universal application. In which most noticeable is INGERSOLL Corporation has 50 interactive CAD workstation composition software and hardware environment, caused it to realize nearly 100% CAD. On the domestic machine tool design portfolio using CAD understanding earlier. The beginning of the 1970s, Dalian Machine Tool Institute portfolio started on the research in this area of work. 1978 state as a combination of mechanical CAD machine industrial projects, and instructed the Shanghai Jiaotong University. Dalian Machine Tool Institute portfolio, a ministry official in charge of the Institute of Automation, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinghua University, Beijing University of Technology, Shanghai Institute of mechanical and electrical products and other units to participate in the drilling machine CAD combination of research, This raised our portfolio Machine CAD technology in the district. After 10 years of efforts and achieved initial results. However, the combination of machine CAD system is 12-27 in VAX II and Micro VAX II on the development, hardware investment, which is difficult to use. By the time the hardware and software environment for the restrictions, narrow scope of application software, users inconvenient. 3 Development portfolio dedicated machine CAD system software CAD technology is the contemporary electronic information technology an important component of , CAD technology to be commercialized as the most important high-tech industries. The supporting software and hardware, on the basis of different industries, different professions secondary development software, developed for the industry, The dedicated professional commercial software can not only make good economic returns, but will make significant social benefits. Ninth Five-Year Plan period state auto industry as a pillar industry of the national economy, for the industry to provide a combination of technologies and equipment to machine tool industry to develop rapidly. Along with the development of the auto industry, machine designed to enhance portfolio quality, shorten the design cycle has become an extremely urgent task. Combined Machine CAD technology and can shorten the design cycle and improve design quality, enterprises in the sector improve its competitive edge, enterprises will bring about significant economic benefits. Dalian is Chinas important industrial base, as a combination of Machine Tool Industry Technology and Development Center in Dalian Machine Tool Institute portfolio, industry should play the leading role for the realization of design automation, enhance technological innovation and product competitiveness. promoting our portfolio machine design standards, as soon as possible combination of machine tool industry to provide factory-functional, flexible operation, with a friendly interface, high technological content portfolio Machine CAD software. 4 software with the technical basis for the development of microelectronics Technology, computer performance has been greatly improved. P II has now dominated the market, P III began listing its CPU performance has been close to the years before the target workstation. Foreign CAD software to the PC Window95/98, Windows NT transplant, such as Pro / Engineer, I-Sui, such as CADDS5. Computer Graphics Accelerator in improving performance, the entity can basically the movement and rotation. PC CAD is a development direction, the corresponding hardware to lower than many workstations. After years of efforts, we use Windows SDK software development technology, Windows environment more dynamic process of technical data exchange (DDE). Database technique (ODBC), Graphics software technology and the development of secondary targets OLE technology (OLE), Development of a generic combination of mechanical CAD and CAD machine integrated CAD system. 5 Combination Machine CAD system software Portfolio Machine CAD system software using C + + language, in the Windows environment for the development of the combination of machine design parameters of the graphic information management system. Database systems with C + + language independent preparation of the financial database software and operating system parameters graphic systems into one. formed powerful parametric graphic information management system. Modular Machine CAD system including removable fixture CAD system, Modular Machine Automatic Line program 3D CAD graphics system, the total portfolio Machine CAD system, Portfolio Map Machine CAD systems and machine tools multi-axle box CAD system. 5.1 Combination fixture mechanical CAD system using parametric CAD graphics information management technology and interactive design methods, developed portfolio fixture CAD system, its widespread applicability, practical and promote the use of broad prospects. Combination fixture CAD system, in accordance with its main functions can be divided into four modules : Location Support System CAD system, Clamping CAD system, CAD-oriented systems and devices typical fixture clamping force of the computer-aided analysis and calculation. 5.1.1 Location Support System CAD systems for supporting the system by positioning support, Auxiliary support and spacing element composition. Location Support refers to the processing maintain a certain position workpiece components； Auxiliary support is only for the processing of the rigidity and stability of an activity-supporting components. Building support plate, supporting block, ancillary support, fixed-pin, telescopic pin parametric graphics library and database performance through inquiries Location Support System database, Positioning support amending parameters graphic parameters, the use of interactive design method, positioning support CAD system. 5.1.2 clamping CAD system clamping usually by clamping force, Transmission among agencies and clamping element is composed of three parts. Part of clamping force for the purpose of generating power source, and will pass on the middle forces drive； Middle drive as a Force that is, to change the direction of force and size, which can produce self-locking, to ensure that the processing power source or disappeared, the role of the workpiece in the cutting force despite reliable clamping； Clamping elements to bear by the middle of the drive transmission clamping force, and direct contact with the workpiece clamping action and implementation. Clamping established tank, clamping components, direct clamping bodies, self-locking clamping mechanism parameters of the graphics and performance database, Clamping inquiries by the Performance database changes clamping mechanism parameters graphic parameters, the use of interactive design, Clamping achieve CAD. 5.1.3 device-oriented CAD system installation guide role is to ensure that the tool and workpiece and the tool of inter - The exact location, raising tool system supports rigid. Correct selection, design-oriented devices, assurance of the accuracy and processing of reliable machine plays an important role in the work. Establish a fixed-oriented packages, roll-forward - oriented devices, , roll-forward device parameters oriented graphics library and database performance through inquiry-oriented device performance database, revised guidance device parameters graphic parameters, the use of interactive design method, CAD-oriented devices. 5.1.4 typical fixture clamping force computer-aided analysis and calculation of the machine to ensure normal reliable working conditions, the clamping force the smaller the better. If blindly increasing the clamping force, which will result in the following consequences : increased fixture drive size； To improve clamping force and linked to the fixture so rigid fixture is too big； increase the clamping of the workpiece in the deformation and effects processing accuracy. Therefore, the right to determine clamping force is important. Typical fixture clamping force computer-aided analysis and calculation : the clamping screw clamping force analysis and calculation Wedge Clamp the clamping force analysis and calculation, the eccentric clamping clamping force analysis and calculation Clamping other agencies clamping force analysis and calculation. Combination fixture interactive CAD system design methods, the use of flexible, widespread applicability, meet all the technical requirements. Fixture system through the establishment of various components of the graphics library, parts of the parameters of graphics library, Parameter graphics information management system, interactive mapping portfolio fixture. 5.2 Combination Machine automatic alignment options CAD 3D graphics system, the total portfolio Machine CAD system, Portfolio Map Machine CAD System 5.2.1 portfolio automatic alignment machine 3D graphics CAD System The CAD system can automatically determine portfolio machine line, drawing portfolio machine automatically 3D graphics, Universal Machine portfolio management structure and performance parts database. This three part by the three independent process to achieve, Using Windows environment more dynamic process of technical data exchange (DDE). achieving three independent process dynamic data exchange, completed the following types of machine configuration combinations Machine Design : more horizontal axle box processing, multi-axle box vertical machining, multi-axle box tilt-processing, the first Horizontal Boring processing, Boring first vertical machining, boring head tilted machining, drilling the first horizontal machining, drilling the first vertical machining, Drilling of the first tilt-processing, tapping the first horizontal machining, the first vertical machining tapping, tapping the first tilt-processing, Milling of the first horizontal machining, milling head vertical machining, milling machining head tilt. 5.2.2 total portfolio Machine CAD system map total portfolio machine with automatic computer-aided design and human-computer design interactive design methods. Automatic design of the structure from the program to map out the final completion of a one-time, interactive design is user participation, choice of interactive components, models and determine a method of positioning. Combination machine is used by the serialization, standardized generic components and by the shape of the workpiece and the processing requirements of the dedicated parts of dedicated machine, thus Machine features that determine its computer-aided design methods. Its versatility to be completed by the computer, and a dedicated help from computer users to achieve, that is, to avoid the automatic design of the applicability of poor, narrow face design limitations. Total portfolio machine parameters graphic information management system in Windows development environment of a human-machine interactive located Total system, which integrates the Windows SDK technology, Database technology and graphics software secondary development of the ADS technology, engineering design provides a very convenient, Efficient design of the machine tool map. The system is suitable for drilling, expansion joints, and tasty, boring, milling, etc. Tapping Machine processing, machine configuration form of single-position reclining, Li, tilt and composite portfolio machine, mobile work desktop machine combinations, combinations Rotary desktop machine. 5.2.3 Combination Machine CAD system portfolio Map Machine Tool schematic design and adjustment team Machine for the important work of one of the drawings, is to identify combinations machine linked size, composition Machine Drawing the basis for the total. To accomplish drilling and reaming, boring, Reaming, Tapping and milling processes. Portfolio machining complex matrix. According to the development of the last 10 years combined experience in the CAD machine, the automated design, only a few input parameters will be completed portfolio Machining Map software, but the application of the matrix of small, have limitations. Combination Machine Map parameters graphic information management system software, interactive design, the use of flexible, widespread applicability, meet all the technical requirements. Combination Machine Map parameters graphic information management system from the main spindle and then leverage, the guidance sets, Tool database operating systems, the operating system parameters graphics, Interactive mapping system to determine composition and cutting machine usage module four components. Axlebox over 5.3 CAD system more Axlebox CAD system CAD system more Axlebox CAD system is a specialized application software can be used for drilling and expansion. hinges, milling, drilling and thread offensive attack composite portfolio Machine Tool box design. System for the raw data from the combination of machine design, a plan that is three cards (workpiece map, processing matrix, Machine size map and the associated productivity calculation card), such as spindle coordinates, speed, and on this basis, interactive system to automatically or engaging in various types of work. 5.3.1 Multi-axle box drive system design combination Multi-axle box drive system design combination of multi-axle box machine drive system is a multi-axis, multi-gear, Multi-time complex transmission system. We have adopted a two-axis, three-axis drive, the basic methodology Transmission is the formation of the two basic methods of connecting continuously portfolio called. The complete transmission module coordinates, various geometric interference checking, transmission components strength check. To achieve optimum transmission purposes (minimum number of drive shaft, gear minimal number), using the following design, as illustrated in figure 1, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 2 shaft gear design Figure 2 triaxial Gear Design Optimization Optimization 0 - gear shaft has 0 - have gear shaft 1 - the new design Gear 1 - Design new gear 6 Portfolio Machine CAD software operating environment Software operating environment for the hardware : CPU 486 more, Memory 16 M over all software required disk space 350 M above. Software running the software environment : Windows 95/98, Windows NT 4.0, AutoCAD R14.0 7 Portfolio Machine CAD software has been approved by experts and has a market push 1998 The combination of machine CAD software approved by experts. The software technology advanced, reliable performance, strong function, convenient and practical. China machine tool industry portfolio provides a modern design tools, the technology level of a leading position at home. The software has been designed in modular machine tool manufacturing plant and the professional engaged in internal-combustion engines, Engine production of large and medium-sized enterprises in the design and manufacture of modular machine tool sector wider application. Constant portfolio such as Jiangsu Machine Co., the second machine factory in Baoding, Diesel Co., Shandong Huayuan Levin move Engine Company Limited. Enterprises in the transformation of traditional industries, through the use of CAD technology, the electronic play of the power of information technology, improve the design level, and enhance the companys ability to create and product competitiveness, achieved good economic and social benefits. 中文译文 组合机床 CAD 系统开发与研究 1 采用组 合机床 CAD 技术势在必行 组合机床是用按系列化、标准化设计的通用部件和按工件的形状及加工工艺要求设计的专用部件组成的专用机床，属于一次性设计、一次性制造的单件生产产品。因此，设计量大，设计工作复杂。在当前竞争激烈的市场经济中，用户对机床的技术先进性、质量可靠性以及供货周期都要求很高，而保证这诸多因素的关键是设计。过去那种落后的手工设计方法已不能满足产品设计的要求，采用CAD 技术，甩掉图板，已成为当前技术革命的潮流，势在必行。 2 组合机床 CAD 应用现状 国外组合机床 CAD 技术的研究开始得比较早。 70 年代 初，一些工业发达国家首先在多轴箱 CAD 方面开始研究。尤其是进入 90 年代以来，随着计算机技术的发展，交互式绘图和数据库管理系统等的发展和应用，使组合机床 CAD 技术日益实用且使用范围不断扩大，发达国家在组合机床设计中已普遍采用了 CAD 技术。目前，正在向 CAD/CAM 集成系统发展。 近年来，据我们对美国几个主要机床厂家 (BURGMAST、 KINGSBURY、 INGERSOLL LAMB、 CINCINNATI、 MILACRON、 CROSS 等公司 )的了解，其 CAD 技术已得到普遍应用。其中最引人注目的是 INGERSOLL 公司具有 50 个交互式 CAD 工作站组成的软、硬件环境，使其实现了几乎百分之百的 CAD 化。 国内对组合机床设计采用 CAD 的认识也比较早。 70 年代初，大连组合机床研究所就开始了这方面的研究工作。 1978 年国家把组合机床 CAD 列为机械工业重点项目，并责成上海交通大学、大连组合机床研究所、机械部自动化研究所负责，大连理工大学、清华大学、北京工业大学、上海机电产品研究院等单位参加，对钻孔组合机床 CAD 进行了研究，从此揭开了我国组合机床 CAD 技术的序幕。经过十多年的努力，取得了初步成果。 但是，组合机床 CAD 系统是在 VAX -750 和 Micro VAX 上开发的，硬件投资大，不易于推广应用。受当时硬件条件及软件环境的限制，软件适用范围窄，用户使用不方便。 3 开发组合机床 CAD 系统专用软件 CAD 技术是当代电子信息技术的重要组成部分， CAD 技术商品化应作为高新技术产业中重中之重。在支撑软件和硬件的基础上，针对不同行业、不同专业进行软件二次开发，开发出适合本行业、本专业的专用商品化软件，不仅可以取得良好的经济效益，而且会取得重大的社会效益。 “ 九五 ” 期间国家把汽车工业作为国民经济的支柱产业，给汽车工业提 供技术装备的组合机床行业得以迅速发展。随着汽车工业的发展，提高组合机床设计质量、缩短设计周期便成为极其迫切的任务。采用组合机床 CAD 技术，能缩短设计周期，提高产品设计质量，提高企业在行业中的竞争力，给企业带来显著的经济效益。 大连是我国重要的工业基地，作为组合机床行业科技开发中心的大连组合机床研究所，应当发挥行业的主导作用，为实现设计自动化、增强企业技术创新能力和产品竞争能力，推动我国组合机床设计水平，尽快向组合机床行业厂提供功能强、操作灵活、界面友好、技术含量高的组合机床 CAD 软件。 4 开发软件的技 术基础 随着微电子技术的发展，微机的性能有了很大的提高。现在 P 已经主导市场， P 开始上市，其 CPU 性能指标已接近几年前的工作站指标。国外 CAD 软件向微机的 Window95/98、 Windows NT 上移植，如 Pro/Engineer、 -DEAS、 CADDS5等。微机的图形加速卡性能在提高，基本上能进行实体的移动和旋转。微机 CAD是一个发展方向，相应的硬件比工作站要降低很多。经过几年的努力，我们利用Windows 的 SDK 软件开发技术、 Windows 环境下多进程间的动态数据交换技术(DDE)、数据库操作 技术 (ODBC)、图形软件二次开发技术及目标链接与嵌入技术(OLE)，开发了集通用机械 CAD 和组合机床 CAD 于一体的 CAD 集成系统。 5 组合机床 CAD 系统软件 组合机床 CAD 系统软件采用 C语言，在 Windows 环境下开发的面向组合机床设计人员的参数化图形信息管理系统。数据库系统用 C语言独立编写，本软件融数据库操作系统和参数化图形系统于一体，形成功能强大的参数化图形信息管理系统。组合机床 CAD 系统包括组合机床夹具 CAD 系统、组合机床自动线方案三维图形 CAD 系统、组合机床总图 CAD 系统、组合机床加工示 意图 CAD 系统和组合机床多轴箱 CAD 系统。 5.1 组合机床夹具 CAD 系统 利用机械 CAD 参数化图形信息管理技术和交互设计方法，开发组合机床夹具CAD 系统，其适用面广、实用性强、推广应用前景广阔。组合机床夹具 CAD 系统按照其主要功能可分为四大模块：定位支撑系统 CAD 系统、夹紧机构 CAD 系统、导向装置 CAD 系统和典型夹具夹紧力的计算机辅助分析与计算。 5.1.1 定位支撑系统 CAD 系统 定位支撑系统主要由定位支撑、辅助支撑和限位元件组成。定位支撑是指在加工过程中维持工件有一定位置的元件；辅助支撑是仅用 作加工过程中的刚度及稳定性的一种活动式支撑元件。建立支撑板、支撑块、辅助支撑、固定式定位销、伸缩式定位销参数化图形库及其性能数据库，通过查询定位支撑系统性能数据库、修改定位支撑参数化图形参数，利用交互设计方法，实现定位支撑系统 CAD。 5.1.2 夹紧机构 CAD 系统 夹紧机构通常由夹紧力部分、中间传动机构和夹紧元件三部分组成。夹紧力部分用于产生动力源，并将作用力传给中间传动机构；中间传动机构即作为增力机构，能改变作用力的方向和大小，能产生自锁作用，以保证在加工过程中或动力源消失时，工件在切削力作用下仍能 可靠夹紧；夹紧元件用以承受由中间传动机构传递的夹紧力，并与工件直接接触而执行夹紧动作。建立夹紧油缸、夹紧元件、直接夹紧机构、自锁夹紧机构参数化图形库及其性能数据库，通过查询夹紧机构性能数据库、修改夹紧机构参数化图形参数，利用交互设计方法，实现夹紧机构 CAD。 5.1.3 导向装置 CAD 系统 导向装置的作用在于保证刀具与工件及刀具相互间的正确位置，提高刀具系统的支承刚性。正确选择、设计导向装置，对保证加工精度和机床的可靠工作有着重要作用。建立固定式导向套、 “ 内滚式 ” 导向装置、 “ 外滚式 ” 导向装置参数化图形库 及其性能数据库，通过查询导向装置性能数据库、修改导