人教版八下Unit 9知识点拨（含参考答案）.doc

Unit 9 Grade 8 （下）Have You Ever Been to an Amusement Park?知识点拨一、学习目标：1.掌握现在完成时的用法；2.了解一般过去时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义的区别；3.能够准确使用多种时态谈论自己的经历。 二、学习重点难点：1. 现在完成时由主语have/has过去分词构成。其主要用法如下：I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下，现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。例如：The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。 注意：have gone to 和 have been to 在意义上有区别。例如：He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。（他已前往香港，或在途中，或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场。）He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。（说话人认为他过去到过香港，现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解。）II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。例如：1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意：come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的，不能延续的，故不能与for ，since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过，这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。例如：不能说：*He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以说：He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.或者：It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.2. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。注意：现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语（如：yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等）连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语（如：already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：today, this morning, this week, this year等）连用。例如：She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。比较：I have seen him this morning .我上午看见他了。（说话时在上午）I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇见了他。（说话时可能是下午或者晚上）It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。（说话时仍是冬天）3. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念，有时两者可以互相代用，但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时；如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。比较：I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小时。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。本周强化练习：一、用括号中给出的词回答问题。1. Have you seen Mrs. Tang these days? (yes)_2. Have you played kites this spring? (no)_3. Have they watched the movie The Matrix Reloaded? (yes)_4. Has your mother ever been to Tibet? (never.)_5. How long have you played piano? (two hours)_6. How long has Tom listened to English songs? (twelve years old)_7. How many English story books have they read this semester? (six)_8. How many cities have you visited? (twelve)_二、根据句意和所给首字母，填写单词完成句子。1.Has Shirley ever been to an a_ park?2.People in Europe are called E_.3.The United Kingdom, the United States and Australia are all E_ countries.4.It was Christopher Columbus who first d_ American continent.5.I like fruits, e_ sweet fruits, like watermelon and litchi.6.A flight a_ is someone who serves on an airplane.7.Mike is good at playing m_ instruments, such as guitar and saxophone.8.My sister has never been to a water park. N_ have I.9.Zhang Ziyi and Yang Ziqiong are both famous a_.10.Coco Lee uses Latin music and other western styles to a_ fans from different countries.三、根据句意选择最佳答案，填在题前的括号里。( ) 1. -_ you ever _ to an aquarium? -Yes, we had a good time there.A. Have, gone B. Had, been C. Have, been( ) 2. I _ my grandpa last Sunday.A. have visited B. visited C. was visiting( ) 3. She _ Shanghai for a month.A. has come to B. came to C. has been in( ) 4. Lu Xun _ more than fifty years ago.A. died B. has died C. has been dead( ) 5. Fanny _ TV at this time last Saturday.A. has watched B. was watching C. watched( ) 6. - Have you _ been to our town before?- No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, have come B. ever, come C. ever, have come参考答案：一、1. Yes, I have.2. No, I havent.3. Yes, they have.4. No, she has never been to Tibet. (No, never.)5. I have played piano for two hours.6. Since he was twelve years old.7. They have read six English story books.8. I have visited twelve cities.二、1. amusement 2. Europeans 3. English-speaking4. discovered 5. especially6. attendant7. musical8. Neither9. actress10. attract三、1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. CTitleHave you ever been to an amusement park?Topic Fun placesFunctions Talk about past experiencesStructuresPresent perfect tenseSimple past tensePresent progressive as futureTarget languageHave you ever been to an amusement park?No, Ive never been to an amusement park.Yes, I have. I went there last year.Vocabularyspace museum, amusement park, water worldPeru, Hollandtour guide, flight attendantRecyclingzoo, aquarium, hotel, restaurant, Japan, South Americabus, boat, subwayLearning StrategiesUsing contextRole playingWords and Expressions:(n. 名词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 v. 动词 prep. 介词 )单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句amusementn.娱乐；快乐Big cities have many amusements. 大城市有许多娱乐。amusement park 游乐场amuse v.I amuse myself with (by) reading.我以读书自娱。We were amused at the joke.我们觉得这个笑话真有趣。neitherconj.(两者)都不；也不Which of the books did you like? Neither (of them)! They were both dull. “你喜欢哪本书？”“都不喜欢！两本都很枯燥。”Neither of us enjoy getting up early.我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。Hollandn.荷兰Have you ever been to Holland? 你去过荷兰吗？old-fashionedadj.老式的；过时的These clothes are old-fashioned. 这些衣服过时了。Europeanadj.欧洲的；European Economic Community欧洲经济共同体musicaladj.音乐的musical instruments 乐器wonderfuladj.了不起的After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire.一顿美餐之后,他们就围着营火讲故事,唱歌。This village church is a wonderful example of the gothic style of building. 这座乡村教堂是哥特式建筑风格的绝妙典范。especiallyadv.特别地；尤其I love Italy, especially in summer. 我喜欢意大利，尤其是在夏天。This crown was made especially for the King. 王冠是专为国王制造的。changev.改变；变化She used to change her dress every day.过去她常常每天换一次衣服。Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改变不了他,他始终是那个样子。wayn.方法Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. 压力是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,无法逃避。In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.就这样,他开始了自己的私人电话业务。attendantn.服务员His younger brother works as an attendant at an amusement park. 他弟弟在一家游乐场当服务员。discoverv.发觉；发现Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. 科学家们正在探索这是否可能。guiden.向导At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me. 我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下，并且回头看了看我。unitev.联合；结合We are united in what we believe. 我们的信仰一致了。graduatev.毕业She graduated from an American college. 她从一所美国的学院毕业。He graduated in history. 他毕业于历史专业。Words from the reading:单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句choicen.选择She had to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在两件衣服中选择一件。 She is the peoples choice for Prime Minister.她是人民选出来的首相。recordv.记录；登记The songs were recorded by the radio company. 这些歌曲是由广播公司录下的。attractv.吸引She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。Flowers attract many bees.鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。presidentn.董事长；主席Many American Presidents served in Congress before they became President. 美国的许多总统在当选为总统前都在国会中当过议员。popularityn.声望；受爱慕enjoy win general popularity享盛名, 受欢迎, 得众望producev.制造；生产Gas can be produced from coal.煤气可用煤来制造。Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作经常会有好结果。crouchv.蹲伏She crouched by the fire to get warm. 她蜷缩在火堆旁取暖。hidev.隐藏；躲藏He could not hide his embarrassment.他没法掩盖自己的窘态。Where did you hide the money? 你把钱藏哪儿了？A fox cannot hide its tail. 狐狸尾巴是藏不住的。themen.题目；主题Stamp collecting was the theme of his talk. 集邮是他谈话的主题。friendshipn.友谊；友情The boys have had a long friendship. 这些孩子们有很长时间的友谊了。True friendship is worth more than money.真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)Grammar FocusHave you ever been to an aquarium?Yes, Ive been to an aquarium.No, I havent.No, Ive never been to an aquarium.Ive never been to a water park.Neither have I.现在完成时的用法：1现在完成时说明至目前为止已发生的动作或已有的经验。2现在完成时通常与下列词语连用：yet, already, by this time, just , ever, never, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time3have been 表示经验，即“曾经过去”。4have gone 表动作的完成，表示“已经到去了”，因此只可用于第三人称；在面对面谈话时，不可用于第一、二人称。e.g.1 Have you ever been anywhere even for a trip? I have been to Long Island.2Mr. Smith has gone to America, so he is not here.3 How long have you been here? Ive been here since three weeks ago.Sentences from the passage (重点句讲解) The popularity of Asian stars is growing because westerners find talented stars from different cultures new and exciting.亚洲明星越来越受欢迎，因为西方人士发现有不同文化背景的艺人很有新意，也很令人振奋。find v. 找到；发现（强调结果）look for v. 寻找 （强调动作）e.g. I looked for my pen everywhere but I didnt find it. 我到处找钢笔，可是没找到。find sb./sth. +adj. e.g. I find Russian grammar very difficult. 我发现俄语语法很难学。find out 发现；揭露e.g. Ive found you out at last. 我终于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。 Asian films produced outside Hollywood are also doing well in North America. 一些亚洲拍摄的电影在北美也很叫座。produce 的用法：Gas can be produced from coal. 煤气可用煤来制造。Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作经常会有好结果。Georges jokes produced a great deal of laughter. 乔治的笑话引起了哄堂大笑。The wine bottle was marked Produce of Spain.(此处produce当名词使用。)酒瓶标明“西班牙产品”。 A common theme in Asian films, for example, is how families and friendships are changed by modern life.例如，亚洲电影的共同主题是：现代生活如何改变家庭和友情。common的用法：Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。The humorous joke is common property. 这个幽默笑话大家都知道。The common man in every country is anxious for world peace.每个国家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。change 的用法：n. 1) 改变；变化You will see many changes in the village since last year. 你会看见自去年以来村里发生的变化。2）零钱Here is your change. 这是你的找头。I gave him a pound, and he gave me 20 pence change. 我给了他一英镑，他找了我20便士的零钱。v. 1) 改变；交换She used to change her dress every day. 过去她常常每天换一次衣服。Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改变不了他,他始终是那个样子。3) 兑换钱币Where can I change my English money for dollars?我在哪儿可以把英镑兑换成美钞?He changed his European dollars for an equivalent amount American dollars.他把欧元换成等值的美元。4) 常用词组change into 变为；使改变The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨水变成了冰。change over （大幅度）改变；完全改变In 1971 Britain changed over from pounds, shillings, and pence to the new decimal money system. 一九七一年英国把英镑、先令、便士改为新的十进位币制。【同步达纲练习】单项选择。( ) 1. What were you _ nine yesterday evening?Adoat Bdoing at Cdidon Ddidat( ) 2. How long have you _ here? About two months.Abeen Bgone Ccome Darrived( ) 3. _ the population of Germany?AHow many BWhat CHow many people DWhats( ) 4. Im sorry. Weve _ the shoes in your size.Apaid for Bput on Csold out Dput away( ) 5. If you dont know this word, _ in the dictionary.Alook for it Blook at it Clook after it Dlook it up( ) 6. His father didnt go to work today, did he ? _.ANo, he didnt BYes, he didnt CNo, he did DYes, he was( ) 7. How many English words _ since you come to our school?Ado you learn Bwill you learn Cdid you learn Dhave you learned( ) 8. A new railway _ between the two cities.Awill be built Bwill build Cturn up Dturn down( ) 9. I rang her up yesterday, but nobody _ it.Aheld on Bpicked up Canswered Dtelephoned( ) 10. She _ to the Great Wall several times.Agoes Bhas gone Cwent Dhas been阅读理解( A )In the face of your brothers teacher you failed in respecting your mother! Let this never happen again, my Enrico, never again!Your word hurt my heart like a point of steel. I thought of your mother when years ago, she bent of whole one night over your little bed, watching your breathing weeping in her worries, and with her teeth chattering with terror, because she thought that she had lost you; and I feared that she would lose her reason. And at this thought I felt a feeling of horror at you. You, to hurt your mother !Listen, Enrico. Fix this thought well in your mind. Just think that you are sure to experience many terrible days in the course of your life; the most terrible will be that on which you lose your mother. How you will then remember every bitterness that you have caused her, and with what regret you will pay for all, unhappy creature! Hope for no peace in your life, if you have caused you will pay for all, unhappy creature! Hope for no peace in your life, if you have caused your mother sorrow and sadness.I love you, my son; you are the dearest hope of my life; but I would rather see you dead than ungrateful to your mother.( ) 1. Enricos father wrote the letter because _.AEnrico had fallen illBhis son was the dearest hope of his lifeCEnricos mother had lost her reasonDEnrico had been rude to his mother( ) 2. Enricos father hoped that _.AEnrico would not hurt his mothers feeling any moreBEnrico would talk to his motherCEnrico would take care of his motherDEnrico could apologize to his mother( ) 3. If Enrico died at that time, his mother would probably _.Ahave died, tooBhave gone madChave been worriedDhave been terrified( ) 4. According to Enricos father, the most terrible day in the course of ones life is the day when _.A. his mother dies B. his father diesC. his brother dies D. he himself dies( ) 5. Enrico should have respected his mother because _.Ahis mother had been grateful to himBhis father would rather see him dead that ungrateful to his motherChis mother had been very good to himDhis mother had loved him more than his father had( B )Hundreds of years ago, news was carried from place to place by people on foot or by horse, which took days, weeks and sometimes months for people to receive news. Now it is possible to send words and pictures around the world in seconds. Billions of people learn about news stories of their mother country and all over the world every day, either by watching TV or reading newspapers.Newspapers have been an important part of everyday life since the 18th century? Many countries have hundreds of different newspapers. How do newspaper editors decide which news stories to print? Why do they print some stories and not others? What makes a good newspaper story?Firstly, it is important to report new stories. TV stations can report news much faster than newspapers. Yet, newspapers give more about the same story. They may also look at the story in another way, or they may print completely different stories to show on TV.Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news. For example, newspapers never print stories about planes landing safely, instead they print stories about plane accidents.Another factor is also very important in many news stories. Many people are interested in news in foreign countries, but more prefer to read stories about people, places and events in their own country. So the stories on the front page in Chinese newspapers are usually very different from the ones in British, French and American newspapers.( ) 1. According to the passage, how do people learn about news stories in the world now?AThey carry news stories and tell others from place to place on foot or by horse.BThey tell each other what they have seen with their eyes.CThey watch TV or read newspapers.DThey listen to the radio every day.( ) 2. The different between newspaper stories and TV news reports is that _.Apeople can learn more about the same news story from a newspaperBpeople can read the news story more quickly in a newspaperCpeople can read news stories in other countriesDpeople can read news stories