2019版高考英语复习Unit14Careers课时练北师大版必修5.docx

Unit 14Careers课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解AElon Musk was born in South Africa，in 1971.A crazy fan of computers，by the age of twelve，Musk had written the code(代码)for his own video game，which he sold for a profit. He attended Queens University in Canada，and transferred (转到)to the University of Pennsylvania，where he earned two bachelors degrees，economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California，intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.First CompanyZip2 Corporation In 1995, at the age of 24，Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of the New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers.In 1999，Musk got $22 million from the sale of Zip2.Online Banking. In 1999，Elon Musk started Xcom with $10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. Xcom was an online bank，and he is credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receivers email address.PayPal In 2000，X.com bought a company called Confinity，which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider.In 2002，eBay bought PayPal for $1.5 billion.Space Exploration Technologies In 2002，Elon Musk started SpaceX.He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society，a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars，and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technology to enable Musks project.Tesla Motors In 2004，Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors，of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car，the Tesla Roadster.SolarCity In 2006，Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity，a photovoltaics (光伏)products and services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物介绍类说明文，主要介绍了Elon Musk在学业以及事业方面的成就。1What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young? AEconomics. BPhysics. CEnergy. DCoding.解析：D细节理解题。该题问的是Musk小时候在哪方面很有天赋。由“A crazy fan of computers，by the age of twelve. Musk had written the code(代码)for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.(第一段第二句)Musk是个狂热的电脑迷，12岁的时候就为自己的电子游戏写了代码，还将电子游戏卖了赚钱。”可知Musk小时候在计算机编码方面很有天赋。故选D。2Which of the following provides international payment transfer service? AX.com. BConfinity. CPayPal. DeBay.解析：C细节理解题。该题问的是下列哪项能提供国际转账支付服务。由“In 2000，X.com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal.(第五段第一句)2000年，X.com收购了一家叫Confinity的公司，该公司曾建立了一个称为PayPal的在线转账程序。”和第五段内容可知PayPal可以提供国际转账支付服务。故选C。3What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musks project? ASponsoring the Mars Society. BDeveloping rocket technology. CBuilding a greenhouse on Mars. DSupporting the exploration of Mars.解析：B细节理解题。该题问的是为实现Musk的计划SpaceX一直在做什么事情。由“SpaceX has been developing rocket technology to enable Musks project.(第六段最后一句)SpaceX一直在研发火箭技术以实现Musk的计划。”可知，SpaceX一直在研发火箭技术。故选B。4What is Tesla Motors noted for? AIts electric vehicles. BIts photovoltaics products. CIts service as a city tourist guide. DIts business with other companies解析：A细节理解题。该题问的是特斯拉汽车公司以什么而闻名。由“Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles.(第七段第二句)特斯拉汽车公司制造电动汽车。”可知，它以电动汽车而闻名。故选A。BSusan Brownwell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time.She fought for womens rights long before it became a popular issue. Susan was born on February 15,1820，in Adams，Massachusetts.At that time，women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. At the age of 15，Susan became a school teacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings. After the Civil War，Susan became very involved in the Womans Suffrage Movement.After years of lecturing，writing，and appealing by Susan and other women，some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision.It was not until 1920 that the US. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights. Susan Brownwell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86.She was elected to the American Hall of Fame in 1950.She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像)of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brwonwell Anthony dollar.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍Susan Brownwell Anthony的生平事迹，和她为争取女性权益而进行的斗争，以及所取得的成绩。5What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?AThey had a low social status.BThey could vote after getting married.CThey managed money for their husbands.DThey were responsible for decisionmaking.解析：A推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Susan出生时，女人几乎没有什么权利，这就意味着在那个时代，女性的社会地位比较低。故选A。6What is the third paragraph mainly about?ASusans teaching experiences.BSusans educational background.CSusans efforts to abolish slavery.DSusans fighting for womens causes.解析：D段落大意题。本段主要讲述了Susan为争取女性权益而进行的斗争。故选D。7What does the word“decision”in the fourth paragraph refer to?APromoting the social movement.BChanging the US Constitution.CGiving women voting rights.DUniting other areas and states.解析：C指代判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是本段最后一句“It was not until 1920 that the US.Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.”可知，经过Susan的努力，美国一些州改变立法，允许女人享有选举权。第一个这样做的州是Wyoming，之后其他州也逐渐效仿这种做法。此处的“decision”应指女人享有选举权的决定。故选C。8What may be the best title for the text?AThe first American woman to invent coinsBThe problem of women rights in the USCThe most popular women organizationsDA pioneer in fighting for womens rights解析：D标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了在Susan出生的那个年代，女性没有社会地位，她为女性争取到受教育权、选举权、财产权等权利，D项“为女权奋斗的先锋”，符合题意，故选D。亮点句积累：She fought for womens rights long before it became a popular issue.(第一段第二句)译文：她在女性权益引起公众关注之前很久就在为争取女性权益而斗争了。词汇积累：regarding prep.关于possession n财产，所有权become involved in卷入，牵涉到，参与at the age of在岁时C(2018山东寿光市高三月考)Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems.Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftopsat least those not already covered in solar panels.While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.“This is an urgent challenge, and itt much bigger than one person，” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement.“Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了洛杉矶为了在夏季让温度降低，节约开支，把城市街道刷白，增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽。9Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?APlanting more trees in the streets.BCovering the streets with white paint.CApplying reflective paint to rooftops.DFurnishing every house with air conditioners.解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“. trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun.”树木提供阴凉，并覆盖着黑色路面，吸收太阳的热量。及第四段中的第一句“LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops”。根据文章所述可知A，B和C可减少城市热岛效应，只有D项“每家都安装空调”能促进城市热岛效应的形成，故D是导致城市热岛效应的，因此D是符合题意的。10What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?AHow to make the city cooler.BWhere to wear a white shirt.CWhy to coat roads with black paint.DWhen to cut off the electricity supply.解析：A细节理解题。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。由文章第二段最后一句“To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。11What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?AIncreasing the indoor activities.BPromoting the sale of air conditioners.CMaking life easier and more comfortable.DReducing the number of cold days.解析：C细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“. Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.”分析CoolSeal的介绍可知。相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选C。12Whats the main idea of the passage?AL.A. adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.BL.A. calls on people to fight against global warming.CMore and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.DL.A. is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.解析：D主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本篇文章介绍的是洛杉矶在把城市街道刷白增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽，故选D。D(2018四川省南充市高三一诊)More and more people read an iPad in bed, reserved as a place for sleep, before they go to sleep.Charles, a professor from Harvard Medical School and his colleagues got a small group of people for an experiment. For five days in a row, the people read either a paper book or an iPad for four hours before sleeps. Their sleep patterns were monitored all night. Before and after each trial period, the people took hourly blood tests to paint a daylong picture of just how much melatonin (褪黑激素) was in their blood at any given time.When the people read on the iPad as compared to the paper booksthey reported feeling less sleepy at night and less active the following morning. People also took longer to fall asleep on the iPad nights, and the blood tests showed that their melatonin secretion (分泌) was delayed by an hour and a half.The researchers conclude in todays journal article that because of the rise of ereaders and the increasingly widespread use of ethings among children and teenagers, more research into the longterm consequences of these devices on health and safety is urgently needed. Charles and colleagues go on, in the research paper, to note “Reading an iPad in bed may increase cancer risk.”However, software has been developed that can reduce some of the blue light from the screens of phones and computers according to time of day, and there are also glasses that are made to filter (过滤) short wavelengths. While they seem like a logical solution for the nighttime tech users, it needs more research.【语篇解读】这篇短文主要讲述：床是睡觉的地方，可是现在有些人喜欢在睡之前躺在床上看iPad教授的抽查研究表明，这样对身体很有害。那么需要进一步研究更先进的可减少对身体危害的软件。13. In Charles experiment, the group of people were asked to _.A. sit in a row and receive the strict testsB. have their sleep patterns observed all nightC. read a paper book and an iPad at the same timeD. have their blood tested per hour during the trial.解析：BAsit in a row And receive the strict tests坐成一排，接受严格的测试；B.have their sleep patterns observed all night观察他们一整夜的睡眠方式；C.read a paper book and an iPad at the same time在同一时间读纸质书和ipad；D.have their blood tested per hour during the trial.实验过程中每小时对他们的血液进行一次测试。根据第二段第三、四行的描述，可知是在观察他们一整夜的睡眠方式。故选B。14. The third paragraph tells us the iPad readers were likely to _.A. feel less sleepy and tired in the dayB. fall asleep more easily after readingC. become less energetic the next morningD. have a lot more melatonin secretion解析：C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句的描述When the people read on the iPad as compared to the paper booksthey reported feeling less sleepy at night and less active the following morning和题干关键词the iPad readers，第二天早上，iPad阅读器可能变得不那么有活力了。故选C。15. The special software recently developed can _.Aremove the blue light from your devices completelyBhelp prevent eyes being harmed by short wavelengthCweaken the harm done by doing nighttime ereadingDbe used in all the ethings widely and safely解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段的描述和题干要求，可知这个特殊的软件可以削弱夜间电子阅读所造成的伤害。故选C。16. Which of the following can be best served as the tide of the passage?A. No ereading in bed before sleepB. New software for night ereadersC. Wrong behaviors before bedtimeD. No games on iPad in bed解析：A文章标题题。根据全文描述和题干，可知睡觉前不要在床上读电子书，故选A。.七选五(2018衡水中学高三大联考)How to Be More Creative Every DayCreativity isnt something you either have or dont have. In fact, it is something like playing the saxophone. _1_ So read on to know how.Be more curious.Its important to seek out new viewpoints every day. _2_ To involve this in your daily life, make sure to keep an open mind when youre presented with an idea, and be curious as to what else is around the corner.Give yourself space.Letting every piece of information into your brain drags you from being creative. Try to apply a level of space into your everyday life. _3_ It helps to lead your thinking patterns away from potential distractions (使人分心的事物), leaving much room to have creative ideas.Try something new.Frequent thinking patterns, in effect, cause you to be more likely to think the same things or make the same decisions over and over unless you get out of your comfort zone. _4_ Though not always easy, it does open up a whole new world of thinking!_5_Social media has created an environment where were constantly shown whether weve succeeded in the form of likes or comments, which leads us to doubt ourselves. However, creativity is a journey, and youre learning every step of the way. Honestly, youll learn much more from that than a straight win anyway. So be confident and tell yourself you have already done well enough.ALearn from failure.BRemind yourself youre good enough.CThe 8 pm.8 am. phone ban is a great way to begin.DGetting physical really helps to sort out your brain space.EBut its not easy to feel or be automatically creative either.FThus you can think and approach things from another angle.GUsing your skills in a different area is a great way to think outside the box.【语篇解读】本文介绍了几种如何使自己变得更有创造力的方法。1解析：E上文提到它有点像吹奏萨克斯，设空处应该介绍如何像萨克斯，主语应该与上文一致，但意义上转折，以便引出下文的建议。故选E项。2解析：F本段主题是更好奇。设空前提到每天寻找新的观点很重要，F项(这样你可以从不同的角度思考和处理问题)与上文一致，也与下文的to keep an open mind相照应。故选F项。3解析：C本段主题是给自己空间。本段第一句提到进入大脑的每一条信息都会阻碍你的创造性，并建议每天给自己留一定空间。空格后提出，这有助于让你的思维模式远离潜在的干扰，给创造性的思维留下更多的空间。C项(晚8点到早8点的手机禁令就是一个好的开始方式)符合上下文语境。故选C项。4解析：G本段主题是尝试新事物。G项(在不同的领域使用你的技能是跳出框架思考的一个好方法)与主题一致。故选G项。5解析：B本题考查段落主题。本段第一句提出在社交媒体上，我们成功与否常常会以喜欢或评论的方式呈现出来，这让我们总是怀疑自己。其中的关键词doubt表明一种不自信，再结合最后一句So be confident and tell yourself you have already done well enough.可知，本段的主题是要让自己自信。故选B项。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：25分钟).完形填空(2018郑州第一次质量预测)I remember the first day when I saw Sally playing basketball. I watched in wonder as she struggled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. She seemed so _1_， but she managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net. The boys always tried to stop her _2_ nobody could.I began to notice Sally at other times, basketball in hand, playing _3_. She practiced dribbling (运球) and _4_ over and over.One day I asked Sally why she _5_ so much. Without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is to get a _6_. Im going to play college basketball and I want to be the best one. I believe that if I am _7_ enough, I will get one. My father has told me that if the dream is big enough, the facts dont _8_.”I _9_ her through those junior high years and into high school. Every week, she led her team to _10_. One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting on the grass, her head _11_ in her arms. Slowly and quietly, I _12_ and sat down beside her. “Whats wrong？”I asked. “Oh，nothing，” came a soft reply, “I am just too short.” The _13_ told her that at 165 cm she would probably never play for a top team still less she would be _14_ a scholarship so she should stop dreaming about college.I felt she was extremely _15_. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were _16_. They didnt understand the _17_ of a dream.The next year, Sally was seen by a college basketball coach after a big game. She was _18_ offered a scholarship and _19_ to the college team. She was going to get the college education that she had _20_ and worked toward for all those years.