初中英语冠词讲解及专项练习题.doc

冠词的讲解一、概念：冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二、相关知识点精讲：1）不定冠词：a/ana用于辅音发音开头的词前， 如：a book； an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. （区别：a useful machine, an umbrella.）用法：1. a/an 用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”“一”或者“一个”的意思. a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour an interesting book a big dog a dangerous animal 2. 表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。如：That is a pen, not a pencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）Give him a pear, please!请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个） An elephant is bigger than a horse. 大象比马大。和 one 的区别： a/an 表示类别，种类； One 强调数量。 a bus 表示是一辆公交车，而不是一辆小汽车，也不是火车。 one bus 强调是一辆车，而不是两辆或三辆。There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）There is one cat under the chair. 椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）3.用来指某人或某物，但有不具体说明是谁或是什么，如： A comrade from Shanghai is coming to give us a talk this afternoon. 一位来自上海的同志今天下午将给我们作报告。 My mother once worked in a school. 我母亲曾在一所学校工作。4. 表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：three times a day 一天三次 10 yuan a kilo 十元每公斤 six class a day一天六节课 thirty miles an hour每小时三十英里等。5.不定冠词a/an可用在一种职业，阶级或宗教的名称前。如：Whats your father? Hes a doctor. 你父亲是什么职业？他是名医生。Mr Black is now a Christian.布莱克先生现在是名基督教徒。6.固定短语：once upon a time 从前 take a look 看一看 catch a cold 感冒 a little 一点点 a few 一点儿 have a rest 休息 2）定冠词：thethe 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。 the book in my bag the boy under the tree the apples in the basket the hospital near my home 可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。 the books the book the rice the bread the football the old man the interesting book the teachers the women 用法： 1） 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2） 再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red. 汤姆有个苹果。那个苹果又大又红。There is a boy under the tree. The boy is my brother. 树下有个男孩。那个男孩是我哥哥。3） 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher. 咱们去把它交给老师吧。Open the door，please! 请打开门。4）用于某些固定词组中。例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5）用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人 the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6）用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.怀特一家人现正在英国度假。The Greens came to China two years ago. 格林夫妇两年前来到中国。7）用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园 the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命 the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人民解放军 the Long March 长征8）用在序数词或形容词最高级前。 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. 我最想说的是在课堂上认真听讲。He is the tallest one in our class. 他是我们班最高的。9）世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. 10）用在世纪，年代名词前。in the 1980s / in the 1980s 20世纪80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪11）用在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前。 the Changjiang River 长江 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）用在表示方位的词前。 The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下 Jiangxi lies in the south of China. 江西位于中国的南方。13）用在乐器名称前。 He often plays the piano at five in the afternoon. 他常在下午五点弹钢琴。 Can you play the violin? 你会拉小提琴吗？14）固定短语。 in the morning 在早上 the day after tomorrow 后天the next day 第二天 by the way 顺便零冠词：指不使用冠词的情况：用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle2）在专有名词前。England China Mary Lilei Mr.Green 3） 在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前。We have four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter. 一年有春夏秋冬四个季节。We often go to see a film on Sunday. 我们经常周日去看电影。Tomorrow is National Day. 明天是国庆节。4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时。(this, my, that, those, these, her)this morning my pen your watch whose bike 5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前。have breakfast play chess play basketball (注意： 在乐器前必须加定冠词，如：弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)6）固定短语。by bus 乘坐公共汽车 after school 放学后 in bed 卧床 at first 首先 at noon在中午 on foot步行冠词练习( ) 1. I read _story. It is _interesting story.A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an( ) 2. Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a( ) 3. _China is _ old country with _ long history.A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a( ) 4. _elephant is bigger than _ horse.A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the( ) 5. We always have _rice for _lunch.A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the( ) 6. It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work.A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /( ) 7. _ doctor told me to take _ medicine three times_day, stay in _bed, then I would be better soon.A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /( ) 8. There is _ picture on _ wall. I like _ picture very much.A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the( ) 9. January is _first month of the year.A. a B. / C. an D. the( )10. Shut _door, please.A. a B. an C. the D./( ) 11. Einstein won _ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 12. What _ fine day it is today! Lets go to the Summer Palace.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 13. I like music, but I dont like _ music of that TV play.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 14. _ girl over there is _ English teacher.A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a( ) 15. Its _ exciting way to shop on the Net.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 16. She was _ founder of _ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an( ) 17. Xian is _ old city with _ long history, isnt it?A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a( ) 18. Nancys sister is _ English teacher, isnt she?A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 19. Chaffs is_ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-oldC. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old( ) 20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 21.More college graduates would like to work in _ west part of our country _ next year.A. the, the