2004年6月大学英语四级试题阅读理解第1篇.doc

2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳) way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesnt ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics a better job, a raise, praise many people are still unable or unwilling to “play the game.”“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (攻于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word polite. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue ones own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.”Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承)，fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Expert suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.11. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para 4) is used in the passage to refer to _.A) the code of behavior for company staffB) the political views and beliefs of office workersC) the interpersonal relationships within a companyD) the various qualities required for a successful career12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _.A) give his boss a good impressionB) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleaguesD) avoid being too outstanding13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?A) They believe that doing so is impractical.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D) They think the effort will get then nowhere.14. The author considers office politics to be _.A) unwelcome at the workplace B) bad for interpersonal relationshipsC) indispensable to the development of company cultureD) an important factor for personal advancement15. It is the authors view that _.A) speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC) hard work contributes very little to ones promotionD) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】A总是按时工作。B是工作繁忙。C是勤勤恳恳地做好你的本职工作。你可能在办公室里做所有的这些事情, 甚至做得更多。专家说，但是到了升职的时候，ABC的事务里还应包括一个P,指的就是政治也就是办公室政治。戴尔卡耐基建议，即使在 50 年以前， 辛苦的单独工作也不能确保得到晋升。你必须能够表达你自己和你的想法, 无论是在公共场合还是在私下。然而, 尽管在办公室政治中有明显的回报一个较好的工作，晋升, 赞赏许多人仍然不能或不愿意加入这个游戏。Hofstra 大学的一个管理学助教Deborah Comer说，人们都认为办公室政治是一些攻于心计的行为。但是政治起源于“polite”这个词。它也指游说和形成一些协会。这也可以指和善和有帮助的，甚至可以取悦你的上司然后期望得到某些回报。 事实上，如今专家们都认为，办公室政治是追求工作中你的自身利益的正当行为。在很多情况下，办公室环境中的一些组织，不仅是大公司甚至是小企业中都有这种情况。尼尔 P. 路易斯是一个管理学的心理学家。他认为，人们被判断的第一件事就是基于一种不变基础上的能力表现。但是如果二或三位候选人正面临晋升, 他们都有相似的能力,经理将会提升他或她最喜欢的那一个。这是很简单的人性。然而,心理学家们说,许多职员和雇主在办公室中因政治的观念而有分歧。他们说,一些人对于工作和什么带来成功有理想化的观念。还有一些人认为这是一种奉承 ，担心如果他们为自己说好话,那么就像是在谄媚老板，讨老板的欢心。专家认为，要认识到一些自我提升的需要来改变这种否定的看法。11. 文中的办公室政治（第4段第2行）指的是_。 A)公司员工的行为标准B)办公室工作人员的政治观念和信仰C)公司内的人际关系D)成功职场需要的各种资力12. 为了得到晋升，还要_。 A)给老板一个好印象B)对公司诚实和忠诚C)与同事友好相处D)避免太突出13. 为什么很多人不愿意玩这个游戏（第5段第4行）？ A)他们认为那样做不实际。B)他们不擅长和同时相处。C)他们觉得这种行为没有原则。D)他们认为这些努力对他们没用。14. 作者认为办公室政治_。 A)在工作中不受欢迎。B)对人际关系不利C)对公司文化发展是必不可少的D)是个人晋升的一个重要因素15. 作者的观点是_。 A)明确地说出自己的想法是人性的一部份B)自我提升不一定意味着谄媚C)努力工作对个人的晋升作用不大D)很多雇员没有认识到奉承的必要【答案】1112131415CACDB【注释】本文属于一般阐述性的文章。中心议题是办公室人际关系（office politics）。作者开篇（前四小节）提出中心商业中的ABC应该包括办公室人际关系。第5自然段阐述只是努力的工作并一定能得到升职、晋升。第6自然段借Deborah Comer的话阐述人们认为办公室人际关系涉及到一些攻于心计的行为。第7自然段阐述办公室人际关系不只是在大公司有，就连小的工作场所都有。第8自然段阐述要想得到晋升就要给上司留下好印象。第9自然段阐述许多人对办公室人际关系的观念还存有问题。最后作者建议人们意识到提到自身的必要性。【答案解析】11. (C)。本题考点出自第4自然段。根据下文第6自然段的“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior.But politics derives from the word polite. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can meansomething in return.”以及第7自然段的“this involves some form of socializing within the office environment”，所以“office politics”指的是“在公司里的人际关系”。12. (A)。本题考点出自第8自然段。“But ifhas reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.如果他们有相同的能力，经理将提升他或她最喜欢的那个人。这是人类最简单的本性。”所以要想晋升，不仅要能胜任此工作，还要给上司一个好印象。13. (C)。本题考点出自第6自然段。“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior人们认为办公室人际关系涉及到一些攻于心计的行为。”也就是“人们认为为了搞好人际关系所做的行为是不道德的。”14. (D)。综合全文，作者阐述了办公室人际关系对于职位的提升的重要性，尤其是文章最后一句“Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.专家建议人们通过意识自我提升的需要来改变消极的情况。”15. (B)。本题考点出自第9、10自然段。“Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.其他人认为人际关系是奉承，他们担心如果自己吹嘘自己，那看起来就像是在奉承上司以得到宠爱。” 第10自然段“Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.专家建议人们通过意识自我提升的需要来改变消极的情况。”所以，作者认为“自我提升并不一定要通过奉承的手段来实现。”【难句分析】1. 【句型分析】“People assume that（that引导assume的宾语从句）office politics involves some manipulative (攻于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University（作Deborah Comer的同位语）.【参考译文】Hofstra 大学的一个管理学助教Deborah Comer说，人们都认为办公室政治是一些攻于心计的行为。（注意同位语的识别和翻译。）2. 【句型分析】But if（if引导条件状语从句）two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom（whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的two or three candidates）has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person（省略了whom，引导限制性定语从句，修饰the person）he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.【参考译文】但是如果二或三位候选人正面临晋升, 他们都有相似的能力,经理将会提升他或她最喜欢的那一个。这是很简单的人性。（注意省略了关系代词的定语从句的识别和翻译。）3.【句型分析】Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承)，fearful that（that引导fearful的宾语从句）, if（if引导条件状语从句）they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.【参考译文】还有一些人认为这是一种奉承 ，担心如果他们为自己说好话,那么就像是在谄媚老板，讨老板的欢心。（注意that引导宾语从句的翻译。）2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第2篇Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.“The Constitution,” said the associations spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesnt spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”“Dont you think its dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?”“The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handing of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in drawer.”“Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.”The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs dont kill people people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, theyre going to think twice about breaking in.”“But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).”“Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to _.A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bombB) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home.D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that _.A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawerB) most people dont know how to handle the weaponC) peoples lives will be threatened by the weaponD) they may fall into the hands of criminals.18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it _.A) will frighten away any possible intruders.B) can show the special status of its ownersC) will threaten the safety of the owners as wellD) can will those entering others houses by force19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that _.A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcomeB) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponC) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is _.A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyB) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsC) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsD) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons.2004年6月大学英语四级真题第2篇注释【参考译文】当前进杂志的一位记者发现了如何制造氢弹这一新闻被公诸与众时，一群武器爱好者组成了国家氢弹协会，而且他们现在正在游说对抗任何阻止美国人拥有氢弹的法律。这个协会的发言人说,法律给每个人拥有武器的权利。并没有说明是什么武器。但是既然现在任何人都能制造氢弹,那么公众就能买来保护他们自己。”你不认为在房子里有一颗氢弹是很危险的事吗？尤其是在附近有孩子的地方。国家氢弹协会希望教导人们安全地处理这种武器。我们指导有氢弹的人把它放在锁着的壁橱里再把导火索分开放在抽屉里 。”一些人认为氢弹是可以杀人的致命性武器。发言人说,氢弹不会杀人，实际上是人杀了人。氢弹是用来自我保护的而且它有一定的抑制作用。如果其他人知道，你的屋子中有核武器的话,他们在闯入之前会三思而后行。但是那些想禁止美国市民拥有氢弹的人宣称，如果你把氢弹锁在壁橱里,导火索放在抽屉里，你永远无法及时阻止侵入者。另外一些反对个人拥有氢弹的论点是，现在造一颗氢弹会很昂贵。所以协会的观点又回到了这样一种情形：中产阶级和上层阶级将会获得氢弹保护自己而穷人只能用手枪使自己处于毫无防备之中。16. 根据文章，一些人组成了国家的协会是为了_。 A)阻塞任何禁止私人拥有氢弹的法律B)协调毁灭性武器的大规模生产C)指导人们如何把氢弹安全地留在家D)促进大量出售这种新发明的武器17. 一些人反对私人拥有氢弹的理由是_。 A)炸弹的大小使它很难在抽屉中保存B)多数人不知道该如何处理这种武器C)人们的生命会受到威胁D)他们可能会成为罪犯18. 发言人说氢弹也有抑制的作用是指它_。 A)会吓跑侵入者B)能显示拥有者的特别身份C)也将威胁到拥有者的安全D)能杀死那些强行进入别人房子的人19. 根据文章，私人拥有氢弹的反对者非常担忧_。 A)由于较少的特权造成协会的影响力太大B)没受过良好教育的美国人会发现很难使用这种武器C)这种武器的大量使用会极大的提高生活花费D)武器的费用将会使公民处于不平等的基础上20. 从文章的语气我们知道作者_。 A)怀疑把氢弹安全放在家里的可能性B)对那些反对个人拥有氢弹的人感到不悦C)不介意个人拥有氢弹D)关心核武器的蔓延【答案】1617181920ACADD【注释】本文属于对比性的文章。中心议题是关于hydrogen bomb（氢弹）的私有问题，作者对比阐述了国家氢弹组织与反对氢弹的私有的双方对于氢弹的私有问题的不同看法。【答案解析】16. (A)。本题考点出自第1自然段。“they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one. 国家氢弹组织成员游说反对禁止美个人私有武器。”所以，一些创办国家组织的人目的是为了阻碍任何的禁止私有炸弹的法律、法规。17. (C)。本题考点出自第3自然段。本段阐述了反对者反对私有氢弹武器的原因，也就是说氢弹武器会威胁到人类的生命。18. (A)。本题考点出自第5自然段。“If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, theyre going to think twice about breaking in.如果有人知道你家有核武器，他们还会再三考虑要不要闯入你家。”其中，“think twice”的意思是“再三地”。所以，发言人所说的炸弹是制止物的意思是炸弹会吓唬到闯入者，从而保护主人的安危。19. (D)。本题考点出自第7自然段。本段作者阐述了造一个核武器的费用会很昂贵，如果制造的话，中层和上层阶级有能力买，而穷人却只能用手枪防备危险。所以，反对私有氢弹武器的人担心的是“武器的价格将造成公民之间的不平等。”20. (D)。综合全文，作者对比阐述了国家氢弹组织与反对氢弹的私有的双方对于氢弹的私有问题的不同看法，并没有涉及自己倾向于哪一方，而只是表达自己对核武器的蔓延的担心。【难句分析】1. 【句型分析】As soon as（as soon as引导时间状语从句）it（it形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句）was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how（how引导discover的宾语从句）to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and（连词and连接前后两个独立的分句）they（代词they指代的对象为a group of firearm fans）are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.【参考译文】当前进杂志的一位记者发现了如何制造氢弹这一新闻被公诸与众时，一群武器爱好者组成了国家氢弹协会，而且他们现在正在游说对抗任何阻止美国人拥有氢弹的法律。（注意it作形式主语的用法，且注意找准其真正的主语。）2. 【句型分析】But those who（who引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的those）want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that（that引导claim的宾语从句）if（if引导条件状语从句）you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).【参考译文】但是那些想禁止美国市民拥有氢弹的人宣称，如果你把氢弹锁在壁橱里,导火索放在抽屉里，你永远无法及时阻止侵入者。（注意分析句子时先抓住句子的主干，再分析外围结构。）3. 【句型分析】 Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that（that引导is的表语从句）at the moment it（it为形式主语，真正的主语为to build one）is very expensive to build one. So what（what引导主语从句）your association is backing is a program which（which引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的a program）would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.【参考译文】另外一些反对个人拥有氢弹的论点是，现在造一颗氢弹会很昂贵。所以协会的观点又回到了这样一种情形：中产阶级和上层阶级将会获得氢弹保护自己而穷人只能用手枪使自己处于毫无防备之中。（注意what引导主语从句的用法和翻译。）2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第3篇Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the worlds only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd; among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, Americans Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955 when even deaf people dismissed their signing as “substandard.” Stokoes idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).It is 37 years later. Stokoe now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture is having lunch at a caf near the Gallau-det campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff its brain stuff.”21. The study of sign language is thought to be _.A) a new way to took at the learning to languageB) a challenge to traditional views on the nature of languageC) an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageD) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language22. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by _.A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brainB) a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsC) an English teacher in a university for the deafD) some senior expert in American Sign Language23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _.A) a substandard languageB) a genuine languageC) an artificial languageD) an international language24. Most educators objected to Stokoes idea because they thought _.A) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf peopleB) sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC) a language should be easy to use and understand.D) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds25. Stokoes arguments is based on his belief that _.A) sign language is as efficient as any other languageB) sign language is derived from natural languageC) language is a system of meaningful codesD) language is a product of the brain2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第3篇注释【参考译文】符号已经成为了一个科学性的热键。在过去的20年，仅仅是语言研究的专家意识到符号语言是非凡的，它是手的语言。他们提供了一种新的方式去探索人脑是怎样产生的和怎样理解语言的，以及解释陈旧的科学性的争论。该争论是关于是否语言与语法一起，是我们生来就具有的，或者是否这是一种博学的行为。现今对于符号语言的兴趣根源于一位反叛的华盛顿Gallaudet大学教师的先驱性的工作。该大学是世界上唯一的为聋哑人开办的文艺大学。当Bill Stokoe到Gallaudet大学教英语时，学校安排他教授手势语课程。但是Bill Stokoe发现了学生们的一些古怪的问题，就是他们使用的手势语言与上课的教师的手势语言不同。Stokoe教授了一种肢体语言，每一个手的动作代表一个英语单词。这时，人们认为ASL不要多于一种混杂英语。但是Stokoe认为，用手势与学生交流更丰富。他怀疑可能聋哑人事实上有一种真正的语言，而且这种语言也许不同于世界上的其他语言。1955年，聋哑人曾经不在意他们的非标准的符号。人们认为Stokoe的观点是异端邪说。37年以后，现在Stokoe在Gallaudet校园附近的咖啡馆边吃午餐变解释他是怎样开始他的改革的。他把时间都用于写作编辑书和杂志，还发表了关于ASL和聋哑文化的录像材料。许多年来，教育家们反对他的观点说符号语言是像英语、法语和日语那样的自然的语言。他们假设说，语言必须是建立在声音的调节之上的演讲，而符号语言是建立在手的动作和空间的变化之上的。而Stokoe解释说：“我所说的语言不是嘴巴的要素而是大脑智慧的要素。”21. 符号语言的研究被认为是 。A)一种新的参考学习语言的方式B)对传统看待语言本质的一个挑战C)一种简化语言的语法结构的方法D)一种区分语言本质的误解的尝试22. 当今不断增长的对符号语言的兴趣是由谁激起的？A)研究人类大脑的一位著名学者B)研究文学的有领导性的专家C)聋哑大学的一位英语教