pride and prejudice英美文学讲解ppt.ppt

pride and prejudice,jane austen,jane austen was born at steventon parsonage, hampshire, england, on december 16, 1775, the seventh of eight children. she was educated, in the main, by her minister-father, and began her literary career by writing parodies and sketches for the amusement of her family. her first twenty-six years were spent in the quiet of the rectory. in 1801 the austen family moved to bath in an attempt to restore the health of the father. upon his death in 1817 .,jane austen,sense & sensibility,mansfield park,emma,persuasion,northanger abbey,pride& prejudice,story summary,mr and mrs bennet live with their five daughters at longbourn near london. because they have no son, their property will have to pass, according to the law at that time, to a cousin, william collins. hoping to secure their daughters position in society, they both want to marry them to some wealthy gentlemen. it so happens that charles bingley, a single man in possession of a good fortune, comes to settle in the neighborhood with his two sisters and his friend fitzwilliam darcy, who is also rich and unmarried. bingley and jane fall in love with each other almost at first sight. and darcy is attracted to janes sister elizabeth, but he offends her by his insolent behavior and rude remarks at a ball. the dislike and repulsion is increased by the pride of the one and the prejudice of the other.,however, darcy continues to be attracted to her, in spite of himself, till he proposes to her but is rejected indignantly. later on, on a trip to north of england with her uncle and aunt, elizabeth chances to meet darcy, who receives them very warmly and shows greatly improves manners. thus pride is checked and prejudice removed. just at this point, news reaches elizabeth that her youngest sister lydia has eloped with wickham. by darcys help, their marriage is finally brought about. and through his influence, the former tie between bingley and jane is renewed, which leads to their engagement. darcy and elizabeth also become engaged despite the intervention of lady catherine de bourgh. the story then ends happily with the marriages of jane and elizabeth.,pride,prejudice,characters,fitzwilliam darcy is the central male character and elizabeths second love interest in the novel. he is an intelligent, wealthy, extremely handsome and reserved 28-year-old man, who often appears haughty or proud to strangers but possesses an honest and kind nature underneath. initially, he considers elizabeth his social inferior, unworthy of his attention, but he finds that, despite his inclinations, he cannot deny his feelings for elizabeth. his initial proposal of marriage is rejected because of his pride and elizabeths prejudice against him; however, at the end of the novel, after their relationship has blossomed, he is happily engaged to a loving elizabeth.,mr. darcy,pemberley turns out to be a grand and beautiful estate with a magnificent house surrounded by a large park. inside the house, they are taken on a tour by the housekeeper who has nothing but praise for darcy. elizabeth can hardly believe the housekeepers words.,pemberley,elizabeth (lizzy) bennet is the core of the family. elizabeth is the second of mr. and mrs. bennets five daughters, and is an intelligent, bold, attractive twenty-year-old when the story begins. in addition to being her fathers favourite, elizabeth is characterized as a sensible, yet stubborn, woman. misled by his cold outward behaviour, elizabeth originally holds mr. darcy in contempt. however, she finds that mr. darcy improves on acquaintance, more so than she would expect.,elizabeth bennet,mr bennet,mrs bennet,jane bennet (22),elizabeth bennet (20),lydia bennet (15),mary bennet (17),kitty bennet (16),the bennet family,mr. bennet is the father of elizabeth bennet and head of the bennet family. an english gentleman with an estate in hertfordshire, he is married to mrs. bennet and has five daughters. unfortunately, his property is entailed to a male descendant, meaning it can only be inherited by his closest male heir, mr. collins. mr. bennet is a very amiable and somewhat eccentric man, but he has a bitingly sarcastic humour and can only derive amusement from his “nervous“ wife and three “silly“ daughters-mary, kitty and lydia.,mr. bennet,he is closest to his daughter, elizabeth, but is also attached to his eldest daughter, jane, both having won this approval by possessing a greater amount of sense than their three sisters. mr. bennet prefers the solitude of his study, neglecting the raising of his children, which leads to near-disaster,mrs. bennet is the querulous, excitable and ill-bred wife of mr. bennet and mother of elizabeth and her sisters. she is particularly indulgent towards lydia. her main concern in life is seeing her daughters married well to wealthy men, so that they will be taken care of following mr. bennets death. however, her foolish nature and frequent social faux pas often impede her efforts towards this end. her single-minded pursuit of future husbands for her daughters can also blind her in several ways to their welfare and best interests in the present. mrs bennet can be very two-faced in her opinions of people.,mrs. bennet,jane bennet is the eldest bennet sister. she is twenty-two years old at the start of the novel, and is generally considered to be the most beautiful of her sisters. the depth of her feelings is difficult to discern by those who do not know her well, due to her reserved manner and pleasantness to all. seeing only the good, she is incapable of suspecting the worst of people. she falls in love with charles bingley, and is devastated when he abruptly breaks off their developing relationship without explanation. eventually however, the misunderstanding on his part is cleared up and she accepts his hand in marriage.,jane bennet,mary bennet is the most serious of all the bennet girls, partly because she is the least attractive sister. mrs. bennet had hoped that she could be persuaded to marry mr. collins on his next visit, as she found him somewhat interesting, and suitably serious, but otherwise she is not very interested in society, seeing balls as a duty rather than a pleasure. she is rather dull and around the age of 18 in the beginning of the novel.,mary bennet,catherine bennet (called “kitty“), although two years older than her sister lydia at age 17, is somewhat of a sidekick to her. she follows everything that lydia does, and becomes very jealous when only lydia is invited to go to brighton with the troops, as she wishes to go herself. however, once jane and elizabeth marry mr. bingley and mr. darcy, respectively, kittys personality and ways change due to the change in society that she experiences by staying often with two eldest sisters and by the absence of lydias corrupting influence.,catherine bennet,lydia bennet is the youngest of the bennet sisters. fifteen years old when the narrative begins, lydia is extremely flirtatious, naive, headstrong and reckless. she is described as the favourite of her mother, who indulges her and encourages her idleness and folly. lydia and catherine (kitty), who despite being the younger of the two is dominated by lydia, are wrapped up in frivolous pursuits, especially chasing after the officers stationed at meryton. her father often calls lydia silly. she is seduced by mr. wickham and runs away with him without much thought for the consequences to her family, but mr. darcy persuades mr. wickham to marry her.,lydia bennet,charles bingley is the closest friend of mr. darcy, despite the differences in their personalities. he is an outgoing, extremely good-natured, and wealthy young man who leases property near the bennets estate at the beginning of the novel. unlike many of those in his circle, he is approachable and mingles easily in company the others consider beneath them. he is attracted to jane bennet, who reciprocates his feelings but is too shy and reserved to fully express them.,charles bingley,netherfield,stately home purhcased by charles bingley,william collins is the 25-year-old cousin of mr. bennet. a clergyman, he is the closest male relation to the bennet family, and as such stands to inherit longbourn on mr. bennets death. mr. collins is a pompous, narrow-minded sycophant who is excessively devoted and flattering to his patroness, lady catherine de bourgh. advised by lady catherine to find a wife, he initially eyes jane, only to instantly transfer his affections to elizabeth upon learning of janes impending match with mr. bingley. after being rejected by his second choice, he proposes to charlotte lucas, who accepts him.,william collins,charlotte lucas is the neighbour and best friend of elizabeth. she is 27 years old and when mr. collins, having been rejected by elizabeth, proposes to her, she instantly accepts him - thereby losing much of elizabeths respect - as this is probably her final opportunity to get married. she enjoys her marriage by staying away from mr. collins as much as possible and taking care of her household.,charlotte lucas,georgiana darcy is fitzwilliam darcys younger sister. she is immensely pretty and, at 16 years old, more than 10 years his junior. georgiana is quiet and shy, but amiable and good-natured, and shows great skill at playing the pianoforte. mr. wickham stole her affections some time ago, at age 15, hoping to gain possession of the great fortune which she will inherit when she comes of age. however, mr. darcy saves her from an imprudent elopement with mr. wickham. georgiana takes a strong liking to elizabeth soon after the two meet.,georgiana darcy,lady catherine de bourgh is mr. darcys aunt and mr. collins patron. despite her self-conscious sophistication, she is inconsistent and arrogant. she doesnt play a musical instrument, yet boasts of being a musical expert. another example of her “ill breeding“ is her announcement (in the drawing room of her manor house rosings, at hunsford) that elizabeth may play on the piano in the mrs. jenkinsons room (mrs. jenkinson is a permanent resident at rosings), saying, “she would be in nobodys way, you know, in that part of the house.“,later, lady catherine shows up at the bennets home to forbid elizabeth from marrying darcy. that ill-advised action actually encourages elizabeth and darcy to pursue their courtship. ultimately, lady catherines main purpose is to be an example of the upper-class snobbery which the novel satirizes.,lady catherine de bourgh,george wickham is the enemy of mr. darcy. he is a dashing, charming and handsome young soldier who attracts the attention of elizabeth bennet. his father was the manager of the darcy estate, so he grew up with mr. darcy and his sister and was a favourite of mr. darcys since-deceased father. mr. wickhams charm skilfully conceals a more conniving and dishonourable nature, and there is bitter enmity between him and mr. darcy due to his attempt to elope with georgiana darcy for her substantial inheritance, having squandered his share of the late mr. darcys inheritance intended for his schooling in the priesthood.,he initially deceives elizabeth into believing mr. darcy was at fault in order to win her over, but once she hears the whole story she is quick to realize his true nature. he later runs off with lydia bennet, but is tracked down by mr. darcy and he marries her when mr. darcy pays for the marriage.,george wickham,“ it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.“,in this statement, austen has cleverly done three things: she has declared that the main subject of the novel will be courtship and marriage, she has established the humorous tone of the novel by taking a simple subject to elaborate and to speak intelligently of she has prepared the reader for a chase in the novel of either a husband in search of a wife, or a women in pursuit of a husband.,theme satire tone point of view mood of the period peoples value comment from others links,how many couples have you found in this novel ? whats your attitude towards marriage?,questions：,there are seven different marriages presented in the novel, excluding the gardiner and the lucas. the remaining five marriages contrasts each other to reveal austens opinions and thoughts on the subject of marriage.,darcy and elizabeth,the marriage between darcy and elizabeth reveals the characteristics that constitute a successful marriage. one of these characteristics is that the feeling cannot be brought on by appearances, and must gradually develop between the two people as they get to know one another.,in the beginning, elizabeth and darcy were distant from each other because of their prejudice. the series of events which they both experienced gave them the opportunity to understand one another and the time to reconcile their feelings for each other. thus, their mutual understanding is the foundation of their relationship and will lead them to a peaceful and lasting marriage. this relationship between elizabeth and darcy reveals the importance of getting to know ones partner before marrying.,jane and bingley,the marriage between jane bennet and bingley is also an example of successful marriage. austen, through elizabeth, expresses her opinion of this in the novel: “really believed all his bingley expectations of felicity, to be rationally founded, because they had for basis the excellent understanding, and super-excellent disposition of jane, and a general similarity of feeling and taste between her and himself.“ (chapter 55) however, unlike darcy and elizabeth, there is a flaw in their relationship. the flaw is that both characters are too gullible and too good-hearted to ever act strongly against external forces that may attempt to separate them: “you jane and bingley are each of you so complying, that nothing will ever be resolved on; so easy, that every servant will cheat you; and so generous, that you will always exceed your income.“ (chapter 55),lydia and wickham,lydia and wickhams marriage is an example of a bad marriage. their marriage was based on appearances, good looks, and youthful vivacity. once these qualities can no longer be seen by each other, the once strong relationship will slowly fade away. as in the novel, lydia and wickhams marriage gradually disintegrates; lydia becomes a regular visitor at her two elder sisters home when “her husband was gone to enjoy himself in london or bath.“ through their relationship, austen shows that hasty marriage based on superficial qualities quickly cools and leads to unhappiness.,mr. bennet and mrs. bennet,the relationship between mr. bennet and mrs. bennet was similar to that of lydia and wickham. mr. bennet had married a woman he found sexually attractive without realizing she was an unintelligent woman. mrs. bennets favoritism towards lydia and her comments on how she was once as energetic as lydia reveals this similarity. mr. bennets comment on wickham being his favorite son-in-law reinforces this parallelism. the effect of the relationships was that mr. bennet would isolate himself from his family; he found refuge in his library or in mocking his wife. mr. bennets self-realization at the end of the novel in which he discovers that his lack of attention towards his family had led his family to develop the way they are, was too late to save his family.,he is austens example of a weak father. in these two latter relationships, austen shows that it is necessary to use good judgment to select a spouse, otherwise the two people will lose respect for each other.,mr. collins and charlotte,the marriage between mr. collins and charlotte is based on economics rather than on love or appearance. it was a common practice during austens time for women to marry a husband to save herself from spinsterhood or to gain financial security. in pride and prejudice, austen dramatizes gender inequality and shows that women who submit themselves to this type of marriage will have to suffer in tormenting silence as charlotte does: “when mr. collins said any thing of which his wife might reasonably be ashamed, which certainly was not unseldom, she elizabeth would involuntarily turned her eye on charlotte. once or twice she could discern a faint blush; but in general charlotte wisely did not hear.“ (chapter 28),summary:,1. criteria of marriage: these five marriages contribute to the theme that a happy and strong marriage takes time to build and must be based on mutual feeling, understanding, and respect. hasty marriages acting on impulse, and based on superficial qualities will not survive and will lead to inevitable unhappiness.,2. be serious and cautious when facing marriage. dont be taken in by superficial qualities eg. wickham. 3. instead of being an individual problem, marriage is a social problem. one hasty decision may lead a difficulty to the whole family. eg. lydia,the main object of austens satire in the novel is the mercenary and the ignorance of the people, a common criticism of the 18th century. a. characters in the novel which best carries these qualities are: mrs. bennet mr. williams collins lydia bennet,arrangement of the plot eg. mr. darcy elizabeth lady catherine de bourghs mrs bennet elizabeth,the tone of the novel is light, satirical, and vivid. eg: mr. collins proposal to elizabeth lady catherine visits to lizzy at longbourn, provides comic relief to the reader while at the same time revealing certain traits of the characters. lydias lack of common sense and responsibility is revealed when she takes pride in being the first bennet girl to be married. lydia does not take into consideration the circumstance of her marriage, the personality of her husband, or the prospects of their marriage for the future. elizabeth bennets ability to laugh off her misfortune and to continue to be optimistic, considering her situation, also contributes to the ton