语法：名词性从句.ppt

Noun Clauses 名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句 中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。 1. She wondered if the buses would still be running. 2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 3. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. 4. When we will start is not clear. 5. I had no idea that you were her friend.,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子作宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后 。,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉； （3）用it作形式宾语的宾语从句中that 不能省掉； Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry (that) I dont know. Were sure (that) our team will win. Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam.,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略。,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag. Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city. She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books.,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know what he said just now? I dont remember when we arrived. I asked him where I could get so much money. Please tell me who/whom we have to see. Do you know what time the plane leaves?,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he lives here. I know he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理、定义、公理、定理等时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,I dont know what is the matter/the trouble/wrong with him.,Combine the two sentences with the proper conjunction. 1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,【即学即练】,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not ? A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,【达标训练】,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing . A. will rain ;wont go B. rained ; wasnt go C. rains ； wont go D. rain ; will go,C,D,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though （ if 不引导表语从句) who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / how / because,E.g.The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time. He looked as if he was going to cry. Thats why I was late.,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though （ if 不引导表语从句) who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / how / because,E.g.The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time. He looked as if he was going to cry. Thats why I was late.,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 4. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 5. The reason is because /why,that .,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where,【即学即练】,B,C,D,Subject Clauses 主语从句,1) That he will succeed is certain . 2) Whether he will go there is not known . 3) What he said is not true . 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5) Whoever comes is welcome. 6) Its certain that he will succeed .,7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,8) When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。,一、由 that 引导that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子, that 不可省。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. _ is known to us all. (地球是圆的) 3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二、 “whether” “if” 不能引导主语从句 三、 疑问词,引导词,注意一:主语从句后置 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 That we shall be late is certain. Its certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to us all. 由连词 whether, 连接代词 what, who, which和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导,也常常后置。,Its known to us all that the earth is round.,It 的用法： （形式主语） Its possible/important/necessary/clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that 已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens that显然/碰巧,注意三：what 与 that 引导主语从句,注意二 ：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数 what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定。 What he needs is that book. What he needs are some books.,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.,3. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World. A.Which; belong to B. As; belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,【即学即练】,B,C,A,同位语从句 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。 常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。 2. 常用连词：that, when, where, why, how,E.g. 1)消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。 2) 问题是他如何做这件事。,Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.,Its the question how he did it.,注意： 1) 同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义但不可省略。,2) 在have no idea之后常用 wh-引导同位语从句。,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,_,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,【典题例证】,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,比较： 1. We expressed the hope that they had expected. 我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 我们希望他们再来中国访问。,定语从句,同位语从句,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句： 引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that可以充当从句的主语或宾语等。 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，解释为“的”。 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,Practice: 判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,B,A,1._made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That;because 2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C