高三英语课件：高三英语上学期动词时态.ppt

the Verb Tenses,动词时态 (一),动词时态表,1.一般现在时,1、表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, seldom 等时间状语 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. 2、主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点 She has a brother who lives in New York. 3、表示格言或警句 Pride goes before a fall.(骄兵必败) 4、表示客观真理和科学事实等 The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.,一般现在时的主要考点,考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：一般现在时的否定句和疑问句多借助动词。 He knows some French, but doesnt know any German.,时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态,在if 、unless等词引导的条件状语从句，when、 till/until 、as soon as 、the time等词引导的时间状语从句，以及the more the more 结构引导的程度状语从句中，当主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。,1.I need one more stamp before my collection _. (NMET94年 38题) has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed,D,典型考题,2.If it _tomorrow, the sports meet will not be held. (NMET 86 ) A. rains B. will rain C. goes to rain D. shall rain,A,3.Could you tell me if it in winter in Beijing. A. snowed B. snows C. snow D. will snow 4.Columbus proved that the earth _ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are,B,B,2.一般过去时,1、表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作 The car isnt here. Where did you park it yesterday. 2、表示过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。 He used to smoke a lot. 常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945; at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago ,etc.,一般过去时,3、表示现在发生的行为，语气婉转、客气。 Did you wish to see me now？ 4、在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise. 5、表示现在或将来臆想的或非真实的情况，多用于 以下句型： If she died, would you die too? I wish I were back home. I dont like here. Id rather you didnt do it. Its time you went to bed.,一般过去时的考点,考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在 已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：一般过去时的否定句和各种疑问句多 借用助动词。 He knew some French, but didnt know any German.,典型考题,1.-Your phone number again? I quite catch it. - Its 6958443. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant,A,2.-Oh, its you! I _ you. -Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. (NMET97 上海 19题) A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize,A,3.一般将来时,1、shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见 时常用于第二人称。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？,一般将来时,2、be going to +不定式，表示将来。 （1）主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? （2）计划，安排要发生的事。例如： The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 （3）有迹象要发生的事。例如： Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。,一般将来时,3、be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.,注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,4.过去将来时,一般表示对过去来说的将来时间的动词形式。 如：He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day. 他说他第二天要去合肥出差。,5.现在进行时 表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的行为， be（am/is/are）+现在分词,用法1,表示说话此刻正在进行的行为。 （时间特征：now, at the moment； 动作提示：look, be quite）例如： We are waiting for you now. Look, they are swimming.,现阶段的行为表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。（时间特征：this term, these days）例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. How are you doing at school this term?,用法2,用法3,与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind.,表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。 We are leaving soon. 渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。 He is dying. Its getting warmer and warmer.,用法4,典型考题,My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.,答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。,不用进行时的动词,1、表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如： I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.,不用进行时的动词,2、表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如： I need your help. He loves her very much.,不用进行时的动词,3、瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice. 4、系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 例如：You seem a little tired.,6.过去进行时,概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 1.过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。,2. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：at that time; at 8 oclock yesterday morning; when 也可用上下暗示。,过去进行时,1.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. (NMET 1997 第10题) has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked,B,典型考题,2.Shirley _ a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it. (NMET 1998第 20题) A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing,D,3.过去进行时常用于由when、while、as引导的时间状语从句中，表示背景，引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。或： 过去进行时（表示背景）+when+ 一般过去时（新发生的动作） 此时when 相当于at that time; just then.,The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when he saw it. (NMET 2000 第25 题) was travelling B. travelled C.had been travelling D. was to travel,A,典型考题,1. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes,答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时“提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。,2. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell,答案B.,7.现在完成时,主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式） 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式） Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式） I have had a clock now. We have not heard from him since 1999. How long have you waited for him?,现在完成时的考点,1、多和for、since引导的状语连用 since 用来说明动作起始时间 for 用来说明动作延续时间长度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。,since的四种用法,1） since +过去一个时间点 I have been here since 1989. 2） since +一段时间+ ago。 I have been here since five months ago. 3） since +从句。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。,用于现在完成时的句型,2. It is the first / second time that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 3. This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。,区别几个“到某地去”的词组,have been in I have been in Shanghai for two months. have been to I have been to Shanghai twice. have gone to My father has gone to Shanghai.,延续动词与瞬间动词,用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段 时间状语连用。例如： He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）,延续动词与瞬间动词,用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做直到“ 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到，才” 例如： He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10。,1.She _ Robert for a year. A. married B. married with C. has been marrying D. has been married to,典型考题,D,2. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet,B,3. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,A,8.过去完成时,主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式） 主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式） Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式） We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。,过去完成时的用法,1.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 2.状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。,过去完成时的用法,3. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能“。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。,过去完成时的用法,4、在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.,过去完成时的用法,5、表示“一就”的几个句型： Hardly had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + when + 一般过去时。 No sooner had + 主语 +