2020版高考英语大一轮复习课时达标4Unit4Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.docx

课时达标(四) Unit 4 Earthquakes 阅读理解A课标话题人与自我公民义务与社会责任体裁应用文词 数 278难度 When a Canadian woman was hit by a train and badly injured in northern Italy, rescue services quickly went to her aid on the tracks. But as they treated the victim, a young man photographed the scene from the station platform in a selfie(自拍) that has caused widespread anger. Corriere della Sera said he appeared to be making a “V for victory” sign with one hand while taking the shot with the other.Police caught the young selfietaker and forced him to delete his picture. The young man has been investigated(调查) and does not appear to have committed a crime. But the image of him pointing his mobile phone at the rescue scene has appeared on many front pages in Italy and it attracted incredulity to the investigation so that the public insisted that further investigations should be carried out.Journalist Giorgio Lambri, who pictured this young selfietaker, complained “we have completely lost a sense of morality”. Besides, a commentary in La Stampa spoke of “a cancer that affects the Internet”. The young man who took the selfie was not bad, argued Antonella Boralevi. Instead, he had turned off his soul and his personality and become an “automaton(机械行事之人) of the Internet”What remains unclear is how the young woman was hit by a train in the first place. According to reports at the time, the control system for closing the trains doors was faulty and the woman may have fallen out of the train while opening a door on the wrong side. However, there was also a suggestion that she may have been rushing to board the train as it was leaving the station.语篇导读本文主要讲述了一名男子在救援现场自拍引发了公众的不满和批评。1What does the underlined word “incredulity” probably mean?ASuspicionBResistance.CAttentionDSensitivity.解析A词义猜测题。根据画线词上一句可知，男子被调查后发现并没有犯过罪，再结合画线词后的the publiccarried out可知，公众要求对其进行进一步调查，故可推知，公众应该是怀疑警方之前的调查结果，故选A项。2According to Antonella Boralevi, the man who took the selfie _.Awas a bad personBwas not very moralCshould be forgivenDdid this automatically解析D细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，Antonella Boralevi认为拍照的男子本性不坏，只是过分沉溺于网络和自拍，遇到什么事都会不自觉拍照，故选D项。3What does the last paragraph focus on?AThe failure of the trains doors.BThe process of the woman being hit.CThe likely causes of the train accident.DThe severity of the womans injuries.解析C主旨大意题。最后一段主要探究女子是如何被火车撞到的，即火车事故发生的可能原因，故选C项。4Where can we probably find this article?AIn a reviewBIn a newspaper.CIn a research reportDIn a photography magazine.解析B文章出处题。本文主要讲述了一名男子因在救援现场自拍而引发公众的不满和批评，属于纪实性新闻，最可能出现在报纸上，故选B项。B课标话题人与自然自然灾害与防范体裁说明文词 数 372难度 In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. Ive got a good horse under me.”The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasnt enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city planners that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into mainfloors, or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a sixstory brick building?Thats where George Pullman came in. He had developed some housemoving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the buildings foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullmans sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didnt even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicagos early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.语篇导读本文主要介绍了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行的一些解决方案。5The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show _.Ahorses were fairly useful in ChicagoBChicagos streets were extremely muddyCChicago was very dangerous in the springDthe Chicago people were particularly humorous解析B写作意图题。根据第一段第一句可推知，作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道曾经非常泥泞，故选B项。6The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to _.Aget rid of the street dirtBlower the Chicago RiverCfight against heavy floodsDbuild the pipes above ground解析D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Ellis Chesbrough让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥带来的问题，故选D项。7What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?AIt went on smoothly as intended.BIt interrupted the business of the hotel.CIt involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews.DIt separated the building from its foundation.解析A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，用螺旋千斤顶把the Tremont Hotel升高时，宾馆正常营业，很多顾客甚至对此一无所知，即此事进展顺利，故选A项。8The passage is mainly about the early Chicagos _.Apopular lifestyles and their influencesBenvironmental disasters and their causesCengineering problems and their solutionsDsuccessful businessmen and their achievements解析C主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文主要讲述早期芝加哥在应对洪水泛滥的过程中，一些建筑工程曾面临的问题及所采取的相应解决办法，故选C项。 七选五课标话题人与自然自然科学研究成果体裁说明文词 数 204难度 A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals. Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. _1_ It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cyclea series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. _2_ In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.The researchers examined cells, mice, and burnt injury databases. _3_ Nighttime burnsburns suffered between 8 oclock at night and 8 oclock the next morningwere 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.But after an average of 17 days, daytime burnsburns suffered between 8 oclock in the morning and 8 oclock at nightwere 95 percent healed. _4_ Wounds are very costly to treat. _5_ In Britains National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion per yearExperts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.AEach cycle lasts about 24 hours.BThe circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.CSpecifically, their investigation found the following information.DThe new studys findings could help scientists develop better drugs.EIn other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.FWorldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on woundtreatment services.GThats what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.语篇导读本文主要介绍了人体昼夜节律影响伤口愈合速度的研究结果。1解析B顺承关系。本段主要介绍人体昼夜节律的定义和功能。根据空前的circadian rhythm(昼夜节律)和空后的It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cycle可知，B项符合语境，其中的The circadian rhythm承接上文，故选B项。2.解析A顺承关系。空前讲到了人体昼夜节律的功能，A项进一步介绍人体昼夜节律的基本情况，其中的Each cycle与空前一句中的a cycle呼应，故选A项。3解析C顺承关系。空前一句讲到研究人员检查了细胞、老鼠和烧伤的数据库，空后是研究人员的发现，C项承上启下，符合语境，故选C项。4解析E总结关系。上一段讲述夜晚伤口的愈合情况，本段讲述白天伤口的愈合情况，再结合选项内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E项。5解析F诠释关系。本段第一句是中心句，主要讲述治疗伤口的费用昂贵，F项符合语境，故选F项。快解：本段主要讲的是治疗伤口的费用昂贵，选项中只有F项提到了费用问题，据此可直接锁定答案。 短文改错(2019河北辛集中学月考)Dear Mike，Im sorry to hear that you are in hospital with eyesight decreasing and some other . I hope you will recover soon.Y