外研版高中英语必修4Module1-Module6CulturalCorner课文逐句翻译.doc

M1-M6 B4 Cultural Corner 课文逐句翻译M1B4 Cultural CornerFamous Last Words没有实现的著名预言Not all predictions come true.并非所有的预言都能成真。 Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong. 许多预言是错的，并且有些还是大错特错。Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:下面就是人们在20世纪对21世纪所作出的一些错误的预言：AIRPLANES飞机 No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris.“将不会有从纽约飞往巴黎的飞机。” Orville Wright, 1908.奥维尔赖特，1908。COMPUTERS电脑I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.“我认为将会有一个大约有五台电脑的世界市场。” Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.托马斯沃森，IBM主席，1943。CLOTHES衣服Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.“从现在起30年后人们将穿纸制的衣服，穿过两三次后就可以把它们扔掉。” Changing Times Magazine, 1957.流年杂志，1957。MEN ON THE MOON月球上的人类With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970s, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when theyre on the moon.“因为预测在20世纪70年代会有第一批到月球的移民，现在正在修建几种类型的建筑物，当人类在月球上时，他们需要住在里面。”Arnold B. Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962.阿诺德B. 贝拉克在未来变化中，1962。THE BEATLES甲壳虫乐队We dont like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.“我们不喜欢他们的歌声，吉他音乐即将过时。” Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962.反对甲壳虫乐队的台卡唱片公司，1962。ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE家庭机器人By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.“到2000年之前，家庭主妇们可能会有一个盒状的机器人，它的顶部有一只大眼睛，它还有几只胳膊和手，身体两边还有又长又窄的用来四处移动的脚。”New York Times, 1966.纽约时报，1966。KEYS钥匙By the mid-1980s no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there wont be any keys.“到20纪世80年代中期人们将没有必要把钥匙藏在门口的擦鞋垫下面了，因为那时将不会有钥匙了。”Computer scientist Christopher Evans,The Micro Millennium, 1979. 电脑科学家克里斯多弗埃文斯，微机黄金时代，1979。M1B4 Cultural CornerFamous Last WordsNot all predictions come true. Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong. Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:AIRPLANESNo flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris.Orville Wright, 1908.COMPUTERSI think there is a world market for maybe five computers.Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.CLOTHESThirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.Changing Times Magazine, 1957.MEN ON THE MOONWith the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970s, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when theyre on the moon.Arnold B. Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962.THE BEATLESWe dont like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962.ROBOTS IN THE HOUSEBy the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.New York Times, 1966.KEYSBy the mid-1980s no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there wont be any keys.Computer scientist Christopher Evans,The Micro Millennium, 1979.M1B4 Cultural Corner译文没有实现的著名预言并非所有的预言都能成真。许多预言是错的，并且有些还是大错特错。下面就是人们在20世纪对21世纪所作出的一些错误的预言：飞机“将不会有从纽约飞往巴黎的飞机。”奥维尔赖特，1908。电脑“我认为将会有一个大约有五台电脑的世界市场。”托马斯沃森，IBM主席，1943。衣服“从现在起30年后人们将穿纸制的衣服，穿过两三次后就可以把它们扔掉。”流年杂志，1957。月球上的人类“因为预测在20世纪70年代会有第一批到月球的移民，现在正在修建几种类型的建筑物，当人类在月球上时，他们需要住在里面。”阿诺德B. 贝拉克在未来变化中，1962。甲壳虫乐队“我们不喜欢他们的歌声，吉他音乐即将过时。”反对甲壳虫乐队的台卡唱片公司，1962。家庭机器人“到2000年之前，家庭主妇们可能会有一个盒状的机器人，它的顶部有一只大眼睛，它还有几只胳膊和手，身体两边还有又长又窄的用来四处移动的脚。”纽约时报，1966。钥匙“到20纪世80年代中期人们将没有必要把钥匙藏在门口的擦鞋垫下面了，因为那时将不会有钥匙了。”电脑科学家克里斯多弗埃文斯，微机黄金时代，1979。M2B4 Cultural Corner The London Congestion Charge伦敦的交通拥堵费Beijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. 北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。 The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. 发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, 但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USAs most congested city.一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。 In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, 大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。 The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。 In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a congestion chargea tax for cars entering the centre of the city.2003年2月，伦敦市长肯利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。 The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day.想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交5英镑的费用。 Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m. 司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. 进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80.不缴费者将会面临80英磅的罚款。Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. 大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom .他们承认伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由 But does the congestion charge work? 但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. 2003年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent.仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。 More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. 更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然流行起来。Whats more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。 But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. 但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，（因为）像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. 这（收费更高）会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。However, there are no plans to increase the charge.但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。M2B4 Cultural Corner译文M2B4 Cultural Corner The London Congestion ChargeBeijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USAs most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time. The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a congestion chargea tax for cars entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m. As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom .But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. Whats more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge.M2B4 Cultural Corner译文伦敦的交通拥堵费北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。2003年2月，伦敦市长肯利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交5英镑的费用。司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临80英磅的罚款。大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们承认伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然流行起来。更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，（因为）像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这（收费更高）会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。M3 B4 Cultural CornerClapping鼓掌 Why do we clap? 我们为什么鼓掌？To show we like something, of course.当然是为了表示我们喜欢某件东西。 But we dont clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. 但不论一个电视节目或一本书有多好，在结束时我们都不鼓掌。We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers. 我们在现场表演，如戏剧或音乐会结束时鼓掌，以表示对演出者的感谢。First they give, and then we give. 首先他们给予精彩的表演，然后我们给予热烈的掌声。Without usthe audiencethe performance would not be complete.没有我们观众表演就是不完整的。The custom of clapping has early beginnings.鼓掌的习俗很早就开始了。 In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part.在古代雅典，掌声意味着评判和参与。 Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win. 戏剧常常是彼此竞争的，延长的掌声可以帮助某出戏剧获胜。The theatre was largeit could hold 14,000 people,剧场很大可容纳14000人， half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.是城市成年男性人口的一半，这就意味着观众们可以制造出很多声响。Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience. 掌声是一个人成为团体一员的标志，是演员与观众平等的标志。The important thing was to make the noise together, to add ones own small handclap to others. 重要的是整齐地制造声响，将一个人微弱的鼓掌声与其他人的融合起来。Clapping is social, like laughter:鼓掌具有其社会性，就像笑声： you dont very often clap or laugh out loud alone.你独自一人时不会经常鼓掌或大笑。 It is like laughter in another way, too:鼓掌在另一方面也很像笑声： it is infectious, and spreads very quickly.会传染，而且传播得很快。 Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.在音乐会上和剧场里鼓掌是世界性的习惯。 But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.但是每个国家人们鼓掌的习惯在某些场合是不同的。 For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.例如，在英国人们在婚礼上鼓掌，而在意大利人们有时会在葬礼上鼓掌。 M3 B4 Cultural CornerClappingWhy do we clap? To show we like something, of course. But we dont clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers. First they give, and then we give. Without usthe audiencethe performance would not be complete.The custom of clapping has early beginnings. In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part. Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win. The theatre was largeit could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience. The important thing was to make the noise together, to add ones own small handclap to others. Clapping is social, like laughter: you dont very often clap or laugh out loud alone. It is like laughter in another way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly. Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit. But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another. For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral. M3B4 Cultural Corner译文鼓掌我们为什么鼓掌？当然是为了表示我们喜欢某件东西。但不论一个电视节目或一本书有多好，在结束时我们都不鼓掌。我们在现场表演，如戏剧或音乐会结束时鼓掌，以表示对演出者的感谢。首先他们给予精彩的表演，然后我们给予热烈的掌声。没有我们观众表演就是不完整的。鼓掌的习俗很早就开始了。在古代雅典，掌声意味着评判和参与。戏剧常常是彼此竞争的，延长的掌声可以帮助某出戏剧获胜。剧场很大可容纳14000人，是城市成年男性人口的一半，这就意味着观众们可以制造出很多声响。掌声是一个人成为团体一员的标志，是演员与观众平等的标志。重要的是整齐地制造声响，将一个人微弱的鼓掌声与其他人的融合起来。鼓掌具有其社会性，就像笑声：你独自一人时不会经常鼓掌或大笑。鼓掌在另一方面也很像笑声：会传染，而且传播得很快。在音乐会上和剧场里鼓掌是世界性的习惯。但是每个国家人们鼓掌的习惯在某些场合是不同的。例如，在英国人们在婚礼上鼓掌，而在意大利人们有时会在葬礼上鼓掌。M4 B4 Cultural CornerRockets火箭 Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. 今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或2000年新千年的开始。 Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago.火箭大概是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。 The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals.中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。 Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.也许一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。 The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。 The idea of the rocket was born.于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。 The first military use of rockets was in 1232.火箭第一次被用于军事上是在1232年。 The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。 During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot arrows of flying fire. 在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。 Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。 Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. 在13世纪到15世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.它们都用于军事目的。一个意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。 But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. 但并不是每个人都想将火箭用于战争。Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair.一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。 He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把47个火箭绑一风筝上。 The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. 火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟雾消散时，万户和他的椅子已经不见。 No one knows what happened.没有人知道发生了什么。 Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? 万户被炸死了？Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut?还是他被载入了数英里远的太空而成为世界上第一个宇航员了呢？ M4 B4 Cultural CornerRocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born.The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot arrows of flying fire. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? M4B4 Cultural Corner译文火箭今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或2000年新千年的开始。火箭大概是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。也许一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。火箭第一次被用于军事上是在1232年。那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。在13世纪到15世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。它们都用于军事目的。一个意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。但并不是每个人都想将火箭用于战争。一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把47个火箭绑一风筝上。火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。当烟雾消散时，万户和他的椅