山西省永济中学2018_2019高二英语下学期期末考试试题.docx

山西省永济中学2018-2019高二英语下学期期末考试试题(本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。考查范围与高考相同。）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题，每小题3分，共45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThere are many universities that have been in existence for a long time and are still very popular for their quality education. The following are three of them.University of Oxford, EnglandThe foundation year of this university is around 1096. There is evidence of teaching being undertaken then. It gained a lot of popularity in the early 1167, as Henry put a ban on English students from entering the University of Paris. It is regarded as one of the best places to get a higher education today, and it consists of 38 different colleges specializing in various fields of study. University of Salamanca, SpainThis is the oldest university in Spain, and is located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid. It is the third oldest university in Europe that has been in continuous operation since it was founded in 1218. Today, it is the most important institution in the world for studying humanities and languages. Christopher Columbus is said to have consulted with its scholars when he was seeking a route to Indies.University of Padua, ItalyThis is the chief university of Italy. It was started as a law school. It is said to be founded in 1222 by a group of students and professors. Theology (神学) and law were the first subjects taught here. The fields of botany, history, and theater are the most well-known and pursued courses here, and it has established its greatness in the educated world. In 2015, it was ranked as the best university among all Italian educational institutions for higher education.1. How did the University of Oxford become quite popular?A. It received a lot of financial support from Henry .B. It decided to run more courses to educate more students.C. Henry allowed the university to accept foreign students.D. Henry forbade English students to attend the University of Paris.2The author mentions Christopher Columbus to show .A. scholars in the University of Salamanca are knowledgeableB. Columbus graduated from the University of SalamancaC. Columbus was grateful for the help provided by the universityD. some of his friends in the university held a farewell party for him3What do we know about the University of Padua?A. It is located in the west of Madrid.B. It is the third oldest university in Europe.C. Theology and law were the first subjects taught there.D. It is the premier institution in the world for studying humanities.BEvery summer there are a few reports of shark attacks at beaches, and every year people seem shocked. Here are the facts: Sharks live in the water, and when people go in the water they become a potential food source for sharks. Sharks attack humans for the same reason they do anything: because they are trying to survive. Still, shark attacks are not common, and if you head to the beach your chances of getting eaten arent very high. Most sharks, especially those close to shore, arent big enough to threaten you.The whale shark is technically the largest shark in the world at a maximum length of around fifty feet. However, the whale shark is a filter feeder (滤食动物), and unless you are plankton (浮游生物), you have nothing to fear from it.Sharks are dangerous animals, and if you decide to go into the water, you are entering their area. But the sad truth is that sharks have far more to fear from humans than we do from them. Illegal fishing practices have decreased the shark population around the world, and few species go unscathed. When a shark attacks a human they are only trying to survive, but humans have destroyed the shark population for no reason other than greed. As much as you may fear sharks, they are a very important part of the natural world. With proper education and conservation efforts many species can come back, but only if enough people are interested in making a difference.A healthy fear of sharks or any wild animal is a good thing. It reminds us of our place in the world from time to time. And, remember, the surest way to avoid a shark attack is to stay out of the water!4Why do sharks attack humans every summer?A. They want to drive humans away.B. They want to survive.C. They treat humans as interesting toys.D. They become strong after attacking humans.5What can we know about the whale shark from the text?A. It mainly feeds on plankton in the oceans.B. It is the second largest shark in the world.C. It can grow to a minimum length of 50 feet.D. It is the most dangerous animal for humans.6What should humans do according to the last paragraph?A. Benefit from all wild animals.B. Avoid fearing sharks of all kinds.C. Live in harmony with wild animals.D. Stay in sharks area while swimming.7What can be known from the text?A. Protective efforts havent made any difference.B. Humans have more to fear from sharks than they do from us.C. The shark population has decreased greatly because of human greed.D. Humans have become greedier ever since sharks began to attack hmans.CWith the rise of digital technology, paper maps have gradually given way to satellite-aided travel. Of course, there are numerous advantages of GPS. You do not need to understand complex map symbols or plot out your route. Youre less likely to get lost because GPS announces turn-by-turn directions in real time. GPS automatically updates itself. It informs you of traffic jams and changes your route if necessary.But even with so many pluses, GPS isnt as reliable or accurate as you might think. Physical maps still offer a few advantages that technology cant. For one thing, studying a map allows you to have a whole view of where youre going, including the roads, forests, towns, historic sites, rivers, mountains and cities youll run into along the way. You simply dont get that from a small GPS screen that shows little more than your next exit. According to Betsy Mason, author of “All Over The Map: A Cartographic Odyssey”, maps can be far more than just navigational (导航的) aid. He thinks many older maps are brilliant, offering a lovely feast for the eyes. Plus, they can take you back in time, showing you how places transform across the ages.Maps even occasionally bring about surprising results. For example, when geologists compared maps of damage from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake with maps of the geologic structure under these areas, they quickly noticed a connection between the type of rock and sediment (沉积物) beneath buildings and their possibility of falling down. A paper map is a must-have for your travels. So next time you get around, also carry a paper map or a book of maps as a handy backup. It will increase your travel experiences and could even be a life-saver.8One advantage of GPS is that .A. it is regularly updated B. it guarantees no traffic jamsC. it offers totally reliable informationD. it helps you understand map symbols9What does Mason think about old maps?A. They are worth a lot of money.B. They help us explore a places past.C. They tell us some local traditionsD. They offer a full picture of the destination.10What does the author intend to tell us by the example in Paragraph 3?A. Maps played a role in saving victims.B. Maps may lead to important discoveries.C. We should use maps to predict the quakeD. We should learn lessons from the disaster.11What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Advantages of Using GPSB. Ways of Using Paper MapsC. Are Digital Maps on the Rise?D. Why We Still Need Paper Maps?DIt sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sheep can actually help you to learn them. “What we found in our study is that the sleeping brain can actually encode (编码) new information and store it for a long term,” said Marc Zst, co-first-author of the paper. For the study, researchers played recordings of foreign words and their translations to sleeping subjects enjoying deep sleep, a stage when a person has little consciousness (意识) of their environment. To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some connection with at some point in their waking lives, researchers made up totally artificial foreign words. When the subjects woke up, they were presented with the artificial words again without their translations. The subjects were then asked to imagine whether they meant an object that was smaller or larger than a shoebox.Unbelievably, the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 per cent higher than random chance. Thats not a rate high enough to have them suddenly speak in a foreign tongue, but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level, even during sleep.“If you present biktum and bird to sleeping humans, their brains can make a new connection between the known concept bird and the completely new and unknown word biktum, ” Zst explained. “This sleep-formed memory trace (痕迹) lasts until the following wakefulness and can influence how you react to biktum even though you think youve never met with that word before. “I find it amazing that humans are competent at such complex information processing without consciousness,” said Zst.The next step for researchers will be to see if new information can be acquired quicker during wakefulness if it is already presented during sleep. If so, it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things. Sleep learning might become a widespread practice.12What can we do according to the new study?A. Improve our memory greatly.B. Learn languages while sleeping.C. Change our sleep in a positive way.D. Speak new vocabulary during deep sleep.13What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The native words.B. The recordings.C. The artificial words.D. The translations.14How did the author respond to the findings of the study?A. Doubtful.B. Confused.C. Slightly disappointed.D. Pleasantly surprised.15What will researchers focus on in their next research?A. Discovering a cure for memory decline.B. Promoting the widespread use of sleep learning.C. Finding whether to learn faster using deep sleep.D. Researching ways to learn better during wakefulness.第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。With the holiday shopping season quickly approaching, we are all looking for ways to save. 16 But not all deals are as great as they seem at first glance. There may be five potential pitfalls(陷阱) to online holiday shopping:Pricing: 17 However, you still have to take on the cost of shipping unless you buy a large enough quantity or spend enough money to qualify for a discount.Shipping Time: Lots of people are shopping alongside you, and item stock might drop fast. Theres always a small risk that a merchant will run out of an item and have to order more, possibly delaying the arrival of your item and every business has different shipping policies, too. 18 Returns: Whether you shop online or at a store, returning a purchase can be a sticky process. Sometimes items can only be exchanged, or cant be returned at all if theyve been opened. 19 On top of that, you often have to cover return shipping on your own.Payment Method: Identity theft and fraud (骗子) are always risks online, but never more so when youre shopping, because thats when youre putting your financial information out there. 20 You may buy more or different items than you intended to.A. So some orders can take weeks to arrive.B. One of the best ways to cut costs is to shop online.C. In addition, online shopping can make you lost in other ways.D. Its easy to misrepresent the condition or nature of a product photo.E. Anybody can do business online, and not everybody is professional.F. The base price for an online item might look lower than the store price.G. Sometimes theres a “rewrapping fee” and you wont get back all the money.第二部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满55分 ）第一节 完形填空 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从21-40 各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Gallego went blind when he was nine years old from a disease. That did not 21 him from enjoying the World Cup in real time at a 22 in Bogota. Gallego was one of several people over the weekend for Colombias game against Poland in Group H. Unlike the other customers in the room, Gallego is 23 and blind. His friend Cesar Daza, 24 , did not want the man to 25 the fun, so he used his own hand gestures he 26 to communicate to Gallego every kick of the ball.In the 27 posted online, Daza is seen 28 Gallego with a small soccer board between them. As Daza watches the game, he seizes Gallegos hands and 29 to him whats happening. He uses the soccer board as a way to 30 to Gallego where the ball is on the field. As Dazas hands move 31 back and forth across the board, Gallego smiles. When Colombia 32 a goal, both men jump up out of their chairs and hug as everyone erupts in applause. It was 33 that Gallego understood the 34 sweeping through the restaurant.Gallego and Daza met three years ago and became fast 35 . When they realized they were both huge soccer fans, Daza learned 36 language and came up with his own hand gestures to help Gallego 37 what was happening on the screen in real time.The video left many viewers 38 . “There are some truly 39 beings out there. Much, much love to both men,” one user said in the 40 . “OMG , this makes me cry,” another wrote.21.A. protectB. saveC. stopD. draw22.A. hotelB. stadiumC. hospitalD. restaurant 23.A. deafB. lameC. weakD. dizzy24.A. evenB. howeverC. besidesD. somehow25.A. miss out onB. look back onC. go in forD. make up for 26.A. choseB. learnedC. borrowedD. created27.A. videoB. articleC. noteD. picture28.A. supportingB. facingC. shakingD. disturbing29.A. whispersB. reflectsC. gesturesD. marks30.A. addressB. communicateC. writeD. promise31.A. quicklyB. cautiouslyC. secretlyD. nervously32.A. setsB. scoresC. achievesD. loses33.A. necessaryB. difficultC. evidentD. vital34.A. puzzleB. anxietyC. courageD. excitement35.A. colleaguesB. learnersC. friendsD. relatives36.A. teachingB. signC. advertisingD. body37.A. distinguishB. believeC. understandD. admit38.A. satisfiedB. confusedC. embarrassedD. touched39.A. wonderfulB. strangeC. disabledD. common40.A. introductionsB. decisionsC. documentsD. comments第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。In 41 (tradition) Chinese culture, tai chi is often related to the Chinese idea of yin and yang, the idea that one can see two sides in everything. Once 42 a time, Taoist Zhang Sanfeng saw a bird attacking a snake in the Wudang Mountains in Hubei province. The snakes defense inspired him 43 (create) a set of 72 movements, which used 44 (soft) and power from inside to defeat violent force.For those 45 do it, tai chi can be practiced any time and anywhere without equipment or a gymnasium. And learning to do it 46 (correct) gives us a practical way to achieve such things as balance, motor control and rhythm (节奏) of movement. So it 47 (believe) that practicing tai chi can in some way help us stand, walk, move and run better.Tai chis benefits certainly go beyond physical ones. For Marleni Calcina from Peru, who 48 (do) tai chi for over 10 years, its not only a sport, but also a way of life. And 49 is tai chi that has helped her understand the value of “going slowly”. Now, practicing tai chi is like 50 (speak) with her soul.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在此处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出修改的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless homeworks. However, some interest activities indeed contribute to reduce the pressure. Last week the entertainment department of our Student Union organized the activity in which each class shoot a short movie. Our class chose a story setting in World War，that showed the preciousness of peace. I think this process was a good lesson that taught to me how to strike a balance between studying or relaxation. Now I am determined than ever to