新概念英语二-第10课.ppt

Hip-hop,rap（说唱乐） b-boying（街 舞） dj-ing（玩唱片及唱盘技巧）、 graffiti writing（涂 鸦 艺 术 ),Agricultural Heavy Metal,Rock,Lesson 10,Not for jazz,Clavichord,古钢琴,/klvk:d/,Piano,Grand Piano,Upright Piano,n. 三角钢琴，大钢琴,n.直立式钢琴,New words,Jazz 爵士乐 modern-jazz、sexy-jazz、 power-jazz、new-jazz Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in black communities in the Southern United States.,pop music 流行乐 country music 乡村音乐 rock music 摇滚乐 folk music 民族音乐 blues 布鲁斯(蓝调) classical pop 古典流行,Instrument,名词 n. C 1. 仪器;器具,器械 The dentist picked up several instruments. 那牙科医生把几把器械收拾好。 2. 乐器 3. 手段,工具;促成某事的东西 Language is an instrument for communication. 语言是交际的手段。,/nstrmnt/,Musical,形容词 a. 1. 音乐的,关于音乐的B a musical critic 一位乐坛评论家 musical instruments 乐器 2. 音乐般的,美妙的,悦耳的 He has a musical speaking voice. 他的嗓音非常悦耳。 3. 喜爱音乐的;擅长音乐的 a musical family 一个音乐世家 4. 配乐的;有音乐伴奏的 They performed a musical play. 他们演了一出音乐剧。,/mju:zkl/,Key,名词 n. C 1. 钥匙 2. 图例;题解 3. (解决问题的)线索;秘诀;答案 The detective believes the missing gun is the key to the mystery. 那侦探认为那把丢失的枪是侦破这宗疑案的线索。 4. (钢琴,打字机等的)键 5. 【音】调 The song is written in the key of D. 这首歌是用D调谱写的。 6. 关键,要害;关键人物 The quarterback was the key of their team. 那四分后卫是他们队的灵魂人物。 This is the key to world peace. 这是世界和平的关键。,key to the door,String,名词 n. 1. 线;细绳;带子UC I need a piece of string to tie this parcel up. 我需要一根细绳把这包裹扎起来。 2. (附在衣服等上的)带子,丝带C 3. (穿珠,钱等的)串线,串绳C 4. 一串,一行,一列C(+of) A string of accidents happened at that corner. 在那个转角发生了一连串的事故。 The monk wears a string of beads. 和尚戴着一串念珠。 5.弦,str,Keep,及物动词 vt. 1. (长期或永久)持有,保有 I kept it all the time to remind me of you. 我一直保存着它,以此唤起我对你的记忆。 2. (一时)拥有;保管 Please keep the watch for me while I go swimming. 我去游泳,请代我保管这表。 3. 存放,保留,保存 We keep food in a refrigerator. 我们把食物存放在冰箱里。,Belong,不及物动词 vi. 1. 应被放置(在某处) The chair belongs in the corner. 这张椅子应放在角落处。 2. 合适;适用;适宜 Jean belongs in the movies. 琼适合于拍电影。 3. (在分类上)属,应归入;(在关系方面)属(于) They belong to a younger generation. 他们属于较年轻的一代。 4. 合得来;成为集体的一分子 He felt he did not belong among those people. 他感到他和那些人格格不入。,/bl/,Allow,allow v.准许,容许，听任，任, 承认 1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 eg: Allow me to introduce my friend Johnson. 请允许我把我的朋友约翰逊介绍给你。 2. allow that承认。 eg: We allow that we are wrong. 我们承认自己错了。 3. allow (of) 容许 to permit; to admit. eg: The question allows of no dispute. 问题无争论余地。 The situations allow of no excuse. 形势不容许拖延；形势刻不容缓。 4. allow (for)体谅；考虑到，酌量 eg: We must allow for his youth. 我们得体谅他年轻。 allow for the circumstances 考虑到具体情况。,/la/,Damage,damage; destroy; hurt; break; spoil 都是动词，有“破坏，伤害”的意思。 区别： damage损坏程度不大，可以修复 destroy严重破坏，无法修复 hurt （指人）受伤害（包括肉体和感情的伤害）,No one was seriously in the traffic accident.,/dmd/,Touch,及物动词 vt. 1. 接触,碰到 2. 触摸 She lightly touched his forehead. 她轻轻地摸了摸他的前额。 3. (常与否定词连用)碰;乱动 Dont touch the exhibits. 不要碰展览品。 4. (常与否定词连用)达到,比得上 Few students in our school can touch him in music. 在音乐方面,我们学校很少有学生能与他相比。 5. 触动,感动 I was touched beyond words. 我感动莫名。,Repair,及物动词 vt. 1. 修理;修补 The roof should be repaired soon. 这屋顶应及早整修。 He had his car repaired yesterday. 昨天他把车子送去修好了。 2. 补救;纠正 Tom tried to repair his mistake. 汤姆努力纠正自己的错误。 3. 恢复 It took a long time for him to repair his health. 他过了好长时间才恢复健康。,/rpe(r)/,Shock,n 震动 冲击,冲撞;震动 Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan. 在日本常常感觉到地震引起的震动。 及物动词 vt. H 1. 使震动,使震荡 2. 使震惊(或愤慨,厌恶等) They were shocked by her rudeness. 他们对她的无礼感到震惊。,n. get a shock sb get a shock:某人很吃惊,surprise,/k/,be made in+地点 be made of/be made from+材料：由制造 be made of:能看出原料 eg: The ring is made of gold. be made from:看不出原料/多种原料 eg : It is made from plastic. be made into+成品：被制成 eg: The gold is made into a ring.,play 1.跟球类连用，直接+球类：play football 2.跟乐器连用，+the+乐器：play the piano 在乐器上：play music on+乐器,【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 jazz n. 爵士音乐 musical adj. 音乐的 instrument n. 乐器 clavichord n. 古钢琴 recently adv. 最近 damage v. 损坏 key n. 琴键 string n. （乐器的）弦 shock v. 使不悦或生气，震动 allow v. 答应，让 touch v. 触摸,First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题： What happened to the clavichord?,【课文讲解】 1、We have an old musical instrument. 我家有件古乐器。 instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。 have 没有被动语态 musical instrument乐器 musical乐器的,2、It is called a clavichord. 被称作古钢琴。 call在这里的意思是“把称为”、“称呼”，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态： E.g. What do you call this? 你们把这称为什么？ E.g. They call him big Tom. 他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。,3、It was made in Germany in 1681. 它是1681年德国造的。 Make：意为“生产,制造”，常用的搭配有：、 1）be made in somewhere:产于某地 E.g. These desks were made in Shanghai. 2）be made by sb.:由某人制造 E.g This cake was made by my sister. 3）be made of sth. ：由某种材料制成（看得出材料） E.g. The ring is made of gold. 4）be made from sth. :由多种材料混合制成 （看不出单个材料） E.g. The cake is made from sugar,flour,butter and eggs. 5）be made into sth. :被制作成了成品 E.g. This piece of cloth can be made into a dress. 6）be made up of sth.:由组成，构成（机构、团体等） E.g. The committee is made up of eleven members.,4、Our clavichord is kept in the living room. 我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。 5、It has belonged to our family for a long time. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了。 This book is mine /the book belongs to me /Its my personal book / Im in possession of the book.(主语是人） The book is in my possession. This house belongs to me and it belonged to my father ten yeards ago.,6、The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。 主动语态：. 7、Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 可它最近被一个客人弄坏了。 The car was badly damaged in the accident. My watch is out of order. 我的表不走了（状态） My watch was damaged. （强调动作） 主动语态.,8、She tried to play jazz on it! 因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。 play n. 玩，演奏（乐器等） 跟球类连用, 直接 球类;play football 跟乐器连用, the 乐器, 演奏乐器而非音乐play the guitar /piano /flute / on .使用某种设备 He is on the phone /I”m on the computer,9.She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。 hit /strike /press /touch the keys 10.My father was shocked. 我父亲大为吃惊。 My father was shocked at it. I was very shocked at what I saw. 11.Now we are not allowed to touch it. 不许我们再动它。 Now My father doesnt allow us to touch it,12.It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. 父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。 is being repaired 是现在进行时的被动语态，表示正在被修理。 a friend of my fathers 此短语中“-s“结构的所有格用于“of”结构之后，构成了双重所有格。 1)双重所有格用来表示的所有关系是人，不是物。 E.g. a friend of my fathers=one of my fathers friends. （表示父亲很多朋友中的一个） Some pictures of Johns=some of Johns pictures. (约翰的许多照片中的一部分） a doll of hers-one of her dolls.(她的许多布娃娃中的一个） 2)双重所有格还常用this,that,these和those 修饰of短语前面的名词，表示爱，恨，褒，贬等情感。 E.g. This son of mine 我这个儿子 That dog of Roberts 罗伯特的那条狗 Those dirty hands of yours 你那肮脏的手,We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.,We have an old_. It is called a _. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is _ in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was _ by my grandfather many years ago. _ it was _ by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the _ too hard and two of the _ were broken. My father was _. Now we are not _ to _ it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.,How to describe the pictures,The river was seriously polluted.,Some trees have been cut down.,The Passive Voice (被动语态）,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。,英语语态,被动语态的构成,由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。 助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,S,V,O,English is spoken by us.,S,V,by+O,宾变主,主变宾,前加by 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,are were,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语.,in the factory by them.,一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasweretaught 一般将来时：willshall (be going to) betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：was/were beingtaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught 过去完成时：had been +taught 过去将来时：would (was/were going to) be+ taught 含情态动词： can/ must/need/have to+be taught,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet.,was built,are held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,Read text-1,6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term， two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2018.,was being repaired,had been typed,would be given,will have been learned,would have been finished,语态转换(Give the students some minutes to discuss) 1.He teaches English in our school. 2.She gave me a book.,English is taught in our school by him. I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her.,口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。 口诀2：如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell),3.He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch),4.They take good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须 将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,Article2_popwin_radio,英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况,2.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：,连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等)可用主动表被动：,The building looks very beautiful. 这座建筑看上去很美。 Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的声音听起来非常甜美。,The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂。 The music isnt pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。,Article3_popwin_flight,3.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。,I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。 Miss Green has some important letters to send. 格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。,注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被 动式，比较：,I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字),4. 在 tooto do sth 和enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。,The tea is too hot to drink. 茶太热，不能喝。 These boxes are not strong enough to use to be used as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。,6. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的 动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。,5. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。,The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。 These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。,The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.,This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。 The problem is not worth discussing. 这个问题不值得讨论。,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a T