英语名篇背诵手册.doc

英语名篇背诵手册英语名篇背诵手册content1. much to live for 2. charles dickens: a tale of two cities3. carl sandburg : fog / edna st. vincent millay: first fig4. samuel ullman: youth5. charles dickens: david copperfield （chapter 11）6. george gordon byron: she walks in beauty7. charles dickens: great expectations8. helen hunt jackson: september 9. charlotte bronte: jane eyre 10. the garden of eden11. halloween 12. frankness13. robert frost: the road not taken14. lincolns gettysburg address15. robert frost: stopping by woods on a snowy evening16. winston churchill17. hamlin garland: do you fear the wind? 18. george graham vest: a tribute to the dog 19. robert hayden: those winter sundays20. general mac arthurs prayer for his son21. william blake: spring song22. thrift23. ezra pound: a girl24. advice to a young man25. i have a dream26. helen keller: three days to see27. robert herrick： to daffodils28. samuel smiles29. two ways of thinking of history30. the most loved place31. the new england weather32. his acts being seven ages33. art and life34. william shakespeare35. what is immortal36. my heart1. much to live for 导读 热爱生活，让生命的体验成为一段美丽的乐符。翻开书页， 睁开双眼、用心体会这优美的语言和聆听这智慧的声音。there is so much i have not been, so much i have not seen. i have not thought and have not done or felt enough - the early sun, rain and the seasonal delight of flocks of ducks and geese in flight, the mysteries of late-at-night. i still need time to read a book, write poems, paint a picture, look at scenes and faces dear to me. there is something more to be of value- something i should find within myself - as peace of mind, patience, grace and being kind. i shall take and i shall give, while yet, there is so much to live for - rainbows, stars that gleam, the fields, the hills, the hope, the dreams, the truth that one must seek. ill stay here - treasure every day and love the world in my own way!注释seasonal delight: 季节性的喜悦mystery: something that is not fully understood or that baffles or eludes the understanding; an enigma 秘密，谜grace: a characteristic or quality pleasing for its charm魅力，优雅rainbow: 虹，彩虹 gleam: to emit a gleam; flash or glow 闪光；闪烁或发光；闪耀参考译文生命中，有那么多我没经验过，有那么多我没见过。我没有充分想过，做过，或体会过 - 朝阳、雨水、季节性的喜悦来自成群飞翔的野鸭与野雁和那些午夜的神秘。我还需要时间读书，写诗、作画、观赏景色与我所爱的脸庞。还有一些东西具有价值 - 那是我应该发现在自己内心的 - 心灵的宁静、耐心、优雅、与仁慈。我要接受而且我要施舍，然而还是有许多可以赖以生活- 彩虹，闪烁的星星、田野、山丘、希望、梦想、人人所追求的真理。我会在此 - 珍惜每一个时日并且用自我的方式惜爱这个世界！2charles dickens: a tale of two cities导读查尔斯-狄更斯，英国大名鼎鼎的作家，是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。他笔耕一生，靠勤奋和汗水创作出双城记、大卫-科波菲尔等世界名著。作品艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。狄更斯在双城记一书开头就说，“这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代”。妙哉斯言（此句经常被引用）！这段文字中多个平行句（句子结构相同）而打动读者。文中句型的反复、形式上的对偶、内容上的对比、总体结构上的平行（排比），值得仔细体会。it was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other way.注释 wisdom：智慧, 明智的行为, 学识epoch：age, era, period 新纪元, 时代, 时期incredulity: 怀疑despair: to lose all hope绝望, 失望参考译文 这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的年代，这是愚昧的年代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节； 这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日； 我们面前拥有一切，我们面前没有一切； 我们都将直上天堂，我们都将直下地狱。3. fog 导读桑德堡（carl sandburg）的短诗雾曾在各种媒体广为传播，是美国人家喻户晓的名作。the fog comes on little cat feet. it sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on. 注释harbor: 海港 haunch: 腰 参考译文 飘过来的雾，像小猫般轻盈迈步。坐在港口城市上空，四周环顾。悄悄躬一下腰，又开始赶路4 youth导读青春一文，麦克阿瑟将军生前视之为座右铭，将之精心装裱在自己的桌上；许多世界名人将其随身携带，以至于皱折不堪。一位日本研究专家说“在日本实业界，凡有所成就，都熟知这篇短文”。它给予了一种启示，教我们如何美好的生活。20世纪初塞缪尔厄尔曼（samuel ullman）写的这篇不足500字的短文青春一直为世人倾倒，过了这么多年它的魅力依旧；他1840生于德国，童年时移居美国。他在古稀之年才开始写作，是一个了不起的人。youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. this often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. nobody grows old merely by a number of years. we grow old by deserting our ideals. years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human beings heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of whats next, and the joy of the game of living. in the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young. when the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at eighty.注释rosy cheeks: 红扑扑的脸庞supple: 柔软的vigor: 精力, 活力temperamental: 心情变化快的, 喜怒无常的predominance: 优势timidity: shy 胆怯，害羞的appetite: 食欲, 胃口, 欲望, 爱好desert: 放弃, 遗弃wrinkle: 起皱enthusiasm: great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause狂热, 热心, 积极性bow: 鞠躬, 弯腰, 屈服, 屈从wireless: 无线的infinite: having no limits 无限的，无穷的aerials: 天线cynicism: 玩世不恭, 冷嘲热讽pessimism: 悲观, 悲观主义optimism：乐观5 david copperfield （chapter 11）导读本段选自狄更斯（charles dickens）的大卫科菲坡尔。作者极尽细节描写之能事，将david眼中第一次见到描述得形象鲜明，跃然纸上。尤其是脸部的描写细致生动，让人一见难忘。i went in, and found there a stoutish, middle-aged person, in a brown surtout and black tights and shoes, with no more hair upon his head which was a large one, and very shining than there is upon an egg, and with a very extensive face, which he turned full upon me. his clothes were shabby, but he had an imposing shirt-collar on. he carried a jaunty sort of stick, with a large pair of rusty tassels to it; and a quizzing-glass hung outside his coat for ornament, i afterwards found, as he very seldom looked through it, and couldnt see anything when he did.注释stoutish: 肥胖的, 体形臃肿的surtout: 男用外套或大衣tights: 贴身衬衣extensive: large in extent, range, or amount广阔的, 宽的shabby: 破旧的, 褴褛的imposing: 给人印象深刻的, 使人难忘的jaunty: 感到自满的, 洋洋得意的rusty: 生了锈的tassels: 穗, 缨ornament: 装饰物6 she walks in beauty导读她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚；皎洁无云而且繁星满天。有人理解为赞美爱人的美丽，有的人则认为是一种意境的呈现。无论从什么角度去欣赏它，这首诗都那么的美，那么的打动人心。诵读时注意诗歌的用韵，每行结尾压韵的单词要重读。she walks in beauty, like the nightof cloudless climes and starry skies;and all thats best of dark and bright meet in her aspect and her eyes:thus mellowd to that tender lightwhich heaven to gaudy day denies.george gordon byron: she walks in beauty注释g. g. byron：拜伦，英国浪漫时期的诗人，著有长诗child harolds pilgrimage”clime: 气候；地方starry: 布满星星的mellow: soft, sweet, juicy, and full-flavored 柔和、柔软的、甜蜜的；芳醇的。 mellowd=mellowed, mellowd是古英语拼法。tender: 温柔的, 柔嫩的 gaudy: a feast or festival; called also gaud-day and gaudy day.deny: to give a refusal to; turn down or away 拒绝参考译文她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚皎洁无云而且繁星满天明与暗的最美妙的色泽在她的仪容与秋波里呈现彷佛是晨露映出的阳光但比那光亮柔和而幽暗。7 great expectations导读下面的一段选自查尔斯狄更斯（charles dickens）的远大前程（18601861），这是他比较晚期的作品。狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后，对人，对周围环境，对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识，而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在远大前程一书中。great expectations，意思是指一笔遗产，中文有的译为“远大前程”（有的译作“孤星血泪”）。这个译名给读者一种印象，即作品的主人公是有远大前程的。而事实上，这个“远大前程”是带讽刺意义的，这部作品的主题决非仅仅是写孤儿皮普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事，如果这样理解，就领会错了狄更斯创作这部作品的意义。皮普生活在姐姐家里，生活艰苦，他的理想是当一名像姐夫一样的铁匠，他没有想当上等人。后来他之所以想当上等人是因为环境的改变。狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响。不同的环境可以造就成不同的人。皮普的整个发展过程是符合一般人性理论的。这部作品的语言可谓是出神入化，要学习英国语言，这是一本典范。狄更斯的作品不矫揉造作，不选用那些华而不实的词语。他的用词都简单明了，朴实易懂。所以文字读来朴实无华，如行云流水。as the night was fast falling, and as the moon, being past the full, would not rise early, we held a little council: a short one, for clearly our course was to lie by at the first lonely tavern we could find. so, they plied their oars once more, and i looked out for anything like a house. thus we held on, speaking little, for four or five dull miles. it was very cold, and, a collier coming by us, with her gallery-fire smoking and flaring, looked like a comfortable home. the night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning; and what light we had, seemed to come more from the river than the sky, as the oars in their dipping stuck at a few reflected stars.注释council：an assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion讨论会议tavern：酒馆, 客栈plied their oars：使劲划起桨来collier：运煤船gallery-fire：厨房参考译文 孤星血泪天黑得很快，偏巧这天又是下弦月，月亮不会很早升起。我们就稍稍商量了一下，可是也用不到多讨论，因为情况是明摆着的，再划下去我们一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿。于是他们又使劲打起桨来，我则用心寻找岸上是否隐隐约约有什么房屋的模样。这样又赶了四五英里路，一路上好不气闷，大家简直不说一句话。天气非常冷，一艘煤船从我们近旁驶过，船上厨房里生着火，炊烟缕缕，火光荧荧，在我们看来简直就是个安乐家了。这时夜色已经黑透，看来就要这样一黑到天明，我们仅有的一点光亮，是乎不是来自天空，而是来自河上，一桨又一桨的，搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星。8 september导读 海伦亨特杰克逊（helen hunt jackson 1830-1885）是位多产的女作家，主要以同情印第安人、维护印第安人利益的作品为人们喜爱。九月是收获的季节, 累累的果实压弯了枝头。the golden-rod is yellow; the corn is turning brown;the trees in apple orchardswith fruit are bending down.the gentians bluest fringesare curling in the sun;in dusty pods the milkweedits hidden silk has spun.the sedges flaunt their harvest,in every meadow nook;and asters by the brook-sidemake asters in the brook,from dewy lanes at morningthe grapes sweet odors rise;at noon the roads all flutterwith yellow butterflies.by all these lovely tokens september days are here,with summers best of weather,and autumns best of cheer.but none of all this beautywhich floods the earth and airis unto me the secretwhich makes september fair.t is a thing which i remember;to name it thrills me yet:one day of one septemberi never can forget. 注释golden-rod:秋麒麟草。在八、九月的开花期里，枝头会长满金黄色的小花。它的树枝宛如金色的鞭子一般，这就是它的英文名字“黄金鞭”的由来。orchards：果园, 果园里的全部果树bend：弯曲gentians bluest fringes：龙胆根的蓝蓝的须pods：扁豆层, 豆荚milkweed：乳草属植物spun：spin的过去式和过去分词；旋转, 纺, 纺纱sedges：植莎草flaunt：挥动, 飘扬nook：隐蔽处asters：植紫苑lane：（乡间）小路, 巷, 里弄odors：气味flutter：鼓翼,飞舞。 at noon the roads all flutter with yellow butterflies (蝴蝶).9 jane eyre导读夏洛蒂勃朗特(charlotte bronte)的简爱通过简爱的自述，描绘的是一个出身贫苦家庭，长相平凡，无依无靠的女家庭教师的曲折遭遇。简，成为纯洁、热情、坦率、爱好真理，敢于追求幸福的女性的象征，因而形象鲜明。作品成功之处还在于作者在对人性的描述中，我们隐约看到了自己，卑劣或美丽的人性，而觉得心有戚戚焉。“难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小，就没有灵魂和心肠了?你不是想错了吗?我的心灵跟你一样丰富，我的心胸跟你一样充实! 要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和财富，我会使你难以离开我，就像现在我很难离开你一样，我不是根据习俗、常规，甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等本来就如此!” 这一段是绝对的经典，无需多言，不敢掠美。no: you must stay! i swear it - and the oath shall be kept i tell you i must go! i retorted, roused to something like passion. do you think i can stay to become nothing to you? do you think i am an automaton? - a machine without feeling? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips，and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? do you think, because i am poor, obscure, plain, and little, i am soulless and heartless? you think wrong! - i have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! and if god had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, i should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. i am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities， nor even of mortal flesh: - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at gods feet, equal, - as we are! 注释swear: 发誓oath: 誓言retort: 反驳, 反击automaton: 机器人morsel: (食物)一口, 少量snatch: 攫取dash: 泼溅obscure: 身份卑微的conventionality: 惯例, 俗套, 老一套mortal: 人类的grave: 墓穴, 坟墓10the garden of eden导读圣经是从希腊文的biblia而来的，意思就是“书丛”。 圣经分为两部分： 旧约和新约，包括诗歌、法律、历史、预言、训诲、故事、书信等文体。旧约是希伯来人出离埃及时，上帝（耶和华）与人类（希伯来人）所立的旧的盟约以及此盟约的兑现。所谓“约”，即“约定”的意思。新约是上帝与人类所立的新的盟约，这盟约是以耶稣的圣训和他的生活为基础。下面是圣经故事创世纪中的一段。god had made a beautiful garden for the first man and woman to live in. the garden, called eden, was full of many wonderful things. flowers as beautiful to look at as they were to smell grew everywhere. soft, green grass grew under foot. the joyful music of songbirds drifted across gentle, warm breezes. a clear flowing stream gave cool, fresh water to drink, while hanging from the limbs of the many trees were all sorts of delicious fruits. tasty vegetables grew free for the gathering. in the garden of eden were also all manner of animals, both large and small. adam and eve didnt have to be afraid of any of the beasts, for all the animals were their friends. god told the man and woman that it was their job to take care of their new home. he also told them that two special trees grew in the garden. one was the tree of life. the other was the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.god told them, you may eat the fruit that grows on all the trees except for one. you mustnt touch the fruit that grows on the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. if you eat the fruit that grows on that tree you will die.注释eden: 圣经伊甸园, 乐园drift: something moving along in a current of air or water 飘；漂流breeze：微风adam and eve：亚当和夏娃(圣经故事人物,所谓人类始祖)11halloween 万圣节导读到神秘的鬼屋去探险，拜访那些可爱的精灵鬼怪，听听那些古老或新鲜的鬼故事，学学做个吓人的南瓜灯笼，咬一口吊在空中的苹果，快乐来得这么简单，这就是万圣节！halloween is a popular festival in many countries all over the world, and every year it seems to get bigger. its getting dark earlier and its starting to get cold. christmas is still a long way away. we need something to cheer us up and take our minds of the fact that winter is nearly here. see how much you know about the traditional festival of halloween.the origins of the namethe festival of halloween has its roots in celtic and roman traditions. over 2,000 years ago the celts in britain, ireland and parts of france celebrated samhain to mark the beginning of winter. when the romans invaded, they merged this with feralia, their celebration of the passing of the dead. as christianity spread, the church tried to replace these pagan feasts with official church holy days. one of these was november 1. it was called all hallows, and october 31 was known as all hallows eve, and then halloween.halloween traditionsin the past there was a tradition called souling. poor people went around houses asking for food. in exchange, they promised to say prayers for the dead. people no longer go souling, but the habit has been transformed into a modern halloween game for children in america, who dress up as ghosts, witches and monsters and go around peoples houses.witcheshalloween wouldnt be fun without witches. witches have always been part of popular folklore. shakespeares play macbeth opens with three witches. a witch was someone - usually a woman - who had special powers and had dealings with the devil. the american town, salem, is famous for the witchcraft trials, which took place there in 1692.pumpkinsthe pumpkin has become a symbol of halloween. people empty a pumpkin, cut a face into the side, and put a candle inside to make a lamp. its known as a jack o lantern, from a story about a man called jack, who made a deal with the devil. animalsblack cats, frogs, mice and spiders are just some of the animals associated with halloween. generally, the more unpleasant the animal, the stronger the halloween connection. nocturnal animals like bats are particular favourites, and if, as is the case with vampire bats, they like drinking blood, they are high on the halloween list.注释halloween：万圣节前夕（10月31日夜）celtic and roman traditions：在古代凯尔特人要在夏未举行仪式感激上苍和太阳的恩惠。当时的占卜者点燃灯笼并施巫术以驱赶据说在四周游荡的妖魔怪。后来，罗马人用果仁和苹果来庆祝的丰收节与凯尔特人的10月31日溶合了。samhain：也就是古代凯尔特人庆祝的节日（10月31日），literally means “summers end.”merge：融合feralia：古代的一个宗教节日pagan：异教徒witch：巫师, 女巫monsters：怪物, 妖怪folklore：民间传说macbeth：麦克白 (莎士比亚悲剧麦克白主人公)salem：塞伦pumpkin：南瓜spider：蜘蛛, （设圈套者）nocturnal：夜的, 夜曲的vampire：吸血鬼12frankness导读文中的第一段，常常为人们所引用。诵读时注意虚拟语气和情态动词的用法。you must study to be frank with the world: frankness is the child of honesty and courage. say just what you mean to do, on every occasion. if a friend asks a favor, you should grant it, if it is reasonable; if not, tell him plainly why you cannot. you would wrong him and wrong yourself by equivocation of any kind.never do a wrong thing to make a friend or keep one. the man who requires you to do so is dearly purchased at a sacrifice. deal kindly but firmly with all your classmates. you will find it the policy which wears best. above all, do not appear to others what you are not.if you have any fault to find with any one, tell him, not others, of what you complain. there is no more dangerous experiment than that of undertaking to do one thing before a mans face and another behind his back. we should say and do nothing to the injury of any one. it is not only a matter of principle, but also the path of peace and honor.robert e. lee注释frankness n.: candidness; outspokenness. 坦白；率直。occasion n.: timely opportunity. 时机。favor n.: kindness; friendly regard. 恩惠；眷顾。grant v.: allow; give. 同意，允许；给。reasonable adj.: proper; rational. 正当的；合理的。plainly adv.: frankly. 坦白地。wrong v.: do injustice to. 得罪。equivocation n.: using expressions of uncertain meaning. 支吾其辞, 模棱两可的话。deal with: treat. 对待。wear: endure. 持久。above all: more than all; above everything else. 首先，最重要。have any fault to find with: criticize unfavorably; blame. 指摘；责备。experiment n.: practical test. 试验。undertaking: promising. 允许。injury n.: damage. 损害。principle n.: moral principles. 原则；道义。13 the road not taken导读 罗伯特弗罗斯特(robert frost) (1874一1963)的诗歌备受喜爱，原因之一是未受过多少学校教育的人都看得懂。他却坚持使用日常语言，描写自己观察入微的日常事件。弗罗斯特的许多诗歌反映了他与大自然的贴近。他通过自然来表达一种象征意义，而不是什么田园式的思乡情调。未选择的路是