年产3600吨碳化硅微粉生产线项目可行性研究报告 (4).doc

have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, mr wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of mr lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if mr lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-prime minister had gone abroad. on the following day, crawley went to the house again. the same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when crawley asked the same question. though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. the day after, crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. this time, the policeman lost his temper. i told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, mr lane was defeated in the elections. he has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! i know, answered crawley, but i love to hear you say it ! lesson84 on strike 罢工busmen have decided to go on strike next week. the strike is due to begin on tuesday. no one knows how long it will last. the busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. this will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. all the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. the students are going to take the test in two days time. even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. but so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the press. only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!lesson85 never too old to learn 活到老学到老i have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, mr regmald page, will be retiring next week. pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. all those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. we shall all remember mr page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, mr page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. it now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. in less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. after it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. they had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. on this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. the petrol had nearly all been used up. before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.lesson87 a perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据at the time the murder was committed, i was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to london, said the man.do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.of course i do, answered the man. i must be at work at 10.0 oclock. my employer will confirm that i was there on time. would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. i suppose it would, but i never catch a later train.at what time did you arrive at the station ?at ten to eight. i bought a paper and waited for the train.and you didnt notice anything unusual ? of course not.i suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. i suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. you see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. it broke down at ferngreen station and was taken off the line.lesson88 trapped in a mine 困在矿井里six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. if they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. however, rescue operations are proving difficult. if explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. they intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. if there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. as it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. they have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. if they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. lesson89 a slip of the tongue 口误people will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. when the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the p. and u. bird seed company, we all rushed to see it. we had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. the only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. he was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. as soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. we all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: this is the poo and ee seed bird company. good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？though brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. it was mainly for this reason that the brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of rio de janeiro. designed by the great architect lucio costa, the new city, brasilia, replaced rio de janeiro as the capital of brazif in 1960. brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. at first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave rio and to settle in brasilia. since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. the idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of brazil.lesson91 three men in a basket 三人同篮a pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a royal air force station nearby. he informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. the officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. he said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. the pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. he could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. when the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. the police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two members of parliament and the commanding officer of the station! as the commanding officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! lesson92 asking for trouble 自找麻烦it must have been about two in the morning when i returned home. i tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so i got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. i was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, i dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.i looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when i saw a policeman. i immediately regretted answering in the way i did, but i said, i enjoy cleaning windows at night.so do i, answered the policeman in the same tone. excuse my interrupting you. i hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station ? well, id prefer to stay here, i said. you see, ive forgotten my key.your what ? he called.my key, i shouted. fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.lesson93 a noble gift 崇高的礼物one of the most famous monuments in the world, the statue of liberty, was presented to the united states of america in the nineteenth century by the people of france. the great statue, which was designed by the sculptor auguste bartholdi, took ten years to complete. the actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by eiffel. before it could be transported to the united states, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. the site chosen was an island at the entrance of new york harbour. by 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in paris. the following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to america. by the end of october 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the american people by bartholdi. ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through new york harbour to make their homes in america.lesson94 future champions 未来的冠军experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. at a special swimming pool in los angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water, it is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. a game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. the children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. many pedal their tricycles, but most of them prefer to push or drag them. some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once. whether they will ever become future olympic champions, only time will tell. meanwhile, they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.lesson95 a fantasy 纯属虚构when the ambassador of escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. he looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state. what has happened ? she asked.how did your clothes get into such a mess ? a fire-extinguisher, my dear, answered the ambassador drily. university students set the embassy on fire this morning.good heavens! exclaimed his wife. and where were you at the time ?i was in my office as usual, answered the ambassador. the fire broke out in the basement. i went down immediately. of course, and that fool, horst, aimed a fire-extinguisher at me. he thought i was on fire. i must definitely get that fellow posted. the ambassadors wife went on asking questions, when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husbands hat. and how can you explain that ? she asked. oh, that, said the ambassador. someone fired a shot through my office window. accurate, dont you think ? fortunately, i wasnt wearing it at the time. if i had been, i would not have been able to get home for lunch. lesson96 the dead return 亡灵返乡a festival for the dead is held once a year in japan. this festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. as they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them.第一章 总 论1.1项目名称年产3600吨碳化硅微粉生产线1.2项目建设规模年产3600吨碳化硅微粉1.3项目承办单位概况项目承办单位:郑州欣大鑫光伏材料有限公司项目法人代表:闫国强 该公司是经荥阳市工商局批准成立的有限公司，注册资金为人民币100万元，主要从事磨料磨具的生产和销售，主导产品为碳化硅微粉。1.4 项目建设地址荥阳市王村镇丁村1.5项目可研编制单位编制单位：荥阳市工程咨询有限公司资质编号: 工咨丙120200600371.6 项目建设背景和必要性1.6.1项目建设的背景和市场分析碳化硅是以硅石和无烟煤或石油焦碳为主要原料，在高温电阻炉里形成，呈黑色或绿色。它的特点是脆而锋利，具有高温热稳定性、高热传导性、耐酸碱腐蚀性、低膨胀系数、抗热震好等等一系列的优良性能。碳化硅及其精细微粉制品主要用作耐火材料的原料、钢铁冶炼中的还原剂，还可用其制作磨具，适用于磨削低强度材料，如橡胶、塑料、木材等软性材料；也适用于磨削铸铁、玻璃、陶瓷等材料。因其良好的导电性能，碳化硅已经被开发用于制作芯片、蓝紫光发光二级管的基底；目前美国海军正在把碳化硅应用于许多先进的军用电子系统，例如海军的高性能雷达系统等。近年来，中国是碳化硅及其微粉制品生产大国和出口大国，碳化硅年产量约600,000t左右，国内生产碳化硅的冶炼工厂主要集中在电力资源相对比较便宜和供电比较充足的西北地区，如宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川和新彊等省，而制粒和制粉的生产厂家主要集中在河南、山东、江苏连云港等省、市。其中：宁夏是碳化硅原料块生产大省，年产能力达150,000-180,000t左右，厂家有宁夏天能天昊、宁夏辛迪电力等企业；甘肃碳化硅产能在120,000-150,000t，全国最大的碳化硅生产企业兰州河桥硅电资源有限公司就位于甘肃省，产能达到100,000t；青海碳化硅产能在80,000-100,000t左右，最大的生产厂家是青海芳盛磨料磨具有限公司，产能达到25,000t。受出口许可证限制,其中40%左右出口到世界各地，主要出口国为美国和日本。从产品类型来看，冶金、耐火材料工业的用量在增长，而磨料工业的用量在减少。碳化硅及其微粉制品的销售行业比例：耐火及铸造占65%；磨料及陶瓷行业占25%；电子及其它占10%。2007年碳化硅及其微粉制品国内市场在电价和需求旺盛的推动下，销售量和价格都在稳步上升，出现供不应求的局面。同时由于许可证价格稳定和市场需求旺盛，碳化硅微粉制品出口价格也一路走高，但碳化硅出口市场虽然也有所增长，但增幅有限。从内需方面来看，据专家预测，2008年中国gdp的增长幅度在9%左右，其上游行业如钢材市场和机械、电子、建材等行业仍将保持相当的发展速度，尤其是钢材的市场的需求仍然将保持较高的增长势头，这必然会拉动以上行业的原材料之一的碳化硅及其微粉市场的需求增长，内销的比例将大幅上升。随着我国微粉市场的迅速发展，除用于研磨，抛光使用领域外，在工程陶瓷、高耐火材料窑具、电子工程材料，光优产业等用量快速增加。以太阳能电池代表的光优产业近几年高速发展，一条太阳能电池用于晶硅切割线，使用微粉量可达300t月以上。从国际市场需求来看，2007年我国碳化硅及其微粉制品共出口55个国家和地区，其中占据前五位的国家分别是美国13.14万吨、日本6.39万吨、韩国1.17万吨、墨西哥0.62万吨、台湾0.58万吨。以碳化硅二级品主要进口国美国为例：2007年中国出口到美国碳化硅总量由2005年的98,800t上涨到2007年的131,408t，涨幅达到33%。由此可见，出口市场需求是非常强劲的。综合以上因素，整体来看，今后一段时间，国内外市场对碳化硅及其微粉制品的总体需求将呈较快增长，价格也将持续上扬。高精细绿碳化硅微粉的市场空间需求将更大，且经营效益可观。1.6.2 的区位优势和经济发展状况位于河南省中部、伏牛山北部平原地带。东邻郑州市，西毗上街区市，北接焦作市，南与新密市和登封市相连。隶属郑州市管辖。地势平坦，以平原和岗地为主。荥阳市位于河南省中北部，郑州西15千米，北临黄河，是隶属于省会郑州的一个县级市，也是河南省距省会最近的县级市。总面积908平方千米。总人口65万人（2005年）。 荥阳历史悠久，文化灿烂。荥阳是郑氏和潘氏等姓氏的发源地，也是象棋上的“楚河汉界”的发源地。荥阳地理位置险要，素有“两京襟带，三秦咽喉”之称，是中国古代著名的军事重镇，历史上许多著名的战役曾发生于此。辖2个街道、9个镇、3个乡、1个风景区管委。拥有程控交换、自动转换、长途直拨、移动通讯、无线寻呼等现代化通讯设备，8万门程控电话可与全国和世界各地联通。名荥阳区位优势明显，有较强的经济实力和较好的发展前景。陇海铁路、310国道、连霍高速公路、郑西客运专线从荥阳穿过；西气东输工程和南水北调工程在荥阳交汇；荥阳是距省会郑州最近的县级市，也是中国未来最具发展潜力的中小城市之一。荥阳是全国县域经济基本竞争力百强县级市，是国家卫生城市，是全国科技百强县级市。荥阳是全国最大的建筑机械、矿山机械、纺织机械、白刚玉以及阀门生产基地。荥阳的少林客车是中国第3大客车制造商，产品荣获“中国名牌”，远销世界30多个国家和地区。 重点项目建设取得了好的成绩，开工建设了20个投资在3000万元的企业。全市限额以上企业增加到119家，现已初步形成以农村经济为基础，以原煤、建材、机械制造、磨料磨具、铸造、造纸、皮革和食品加工为主导的县域工业经济框架。因此该项目的建设是非常必要的，其生产和销售市场前景非常广阔。1.6.3具有良好的社会效益和经济效益本项目充分利用当地区位优势，采用先进的工艺，成熟的技术，兴建年产3600吨碳化硅微粉生产线项目，具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。按年产碳化硅微粉3600吨计算，可安排就业189人，实现销售收入1.008亿元。综合以上情况分析，本项目建设是非常必要的。1.7 项目建设的依据和编制原则1.7.1项目建设的依据（1）产业结构调整指导目录（2005年本）（2）促进产业结构调整暂行规定（3）中华人民共和国土地管理法（4）中华人民共和国节约能源法（5）中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法（6）中华人民共和国环境保护法（7）中华人民共和国水污染防治法（8）中华人民共和国大气污染防治法（9）中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法（10）中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法（11）平顶山市中奥磨料有限公司提供的有关资料、技术数据1.7.2编制原则（1）认真贯彻国家有关方针政策，体现绿碳化硅微粉行业的发展方向。（2）在总平面布置图上充分考虑生产设施、交通运输、节能减排、气象、劳保、消防等因素和政府对该区域的统一规划，尽量减少占地面积。（3）各专业设计，在满足生产工艺要求的前提下，尽可能降低工程造价。（4）力求使生产工艺流程顺畅，布局合理。（5）根据国家及地方有关法规、地方提供的各种收费标准及市场情况进行经济分析和论证。（6）认真贯彻国家对节能减排、劳动保护和消防的要求，严格执行项目建设“三同时”原则，使污染物的排放达到国家标准，并搞好消防、节能工作。1.8编制范围依据国家的有关政策和国家、行业、地区发展的长远规划，在对该项目进行充分调查的基础上，公正、客观和科学地论证项目的必要性，提出平顶山市中奥磨料有限公司年产3600吨碳化硅微粉生产线项目可研报告书。本报告重点研究市场供需预测和分析，并在此基础上合理制定生产规模和生产工艺，对重要设备和设施进行选型，并提出工程设计方案，进行投资估算及经济分析，做出技术评价及项目是否可行的结论。本报告中所列的工艺参数为理论计算值，作为编制技术经济的依据，生产时根据实际情况作适当调整。1.9 项目建设的经济效益分析1.9.1投资规模总投资4600万元人民币1.9.2资金筹措和使用该项目资金全部由企业自筹，无须申请银行贷款。资金使用：固定资产投资4000万元，流动资金600万元。1.9.3建成后产生的经济效益该项目建成后，年产3600吨绿碳化硅微粉，按现行价格计算，可实现销售收入1.008亿元，年利润可达1160.8万元。1.9.4主要经济指标一览表主要技术经济指标序号项目名称单位数量备注1生产能力吨36002主要原材料燃料及动力2.1碳化硅粗料t/a50402.2辅助材料t/a2402.3电万kwh1502.4.1装机容量kw15002.4.2年耗电量万kwh1503项目占地亩604建筑面积m2146005劳动定员人1896投资总额万元46006.1建设投资万元40006.2流动资金万元6007产品平均成本元/吨247758销售价格元/吨280009年销售收入亿元1.00810投资利润率%25.2411投资回收期年3.9第二章 市场分析2.1 市场预测碳化硅是以硅石和无烟煤或石油焦碳为主要原料，在高温电阻炉里形成，呈黑色或绿色。它的特点是脆而锋利，具有高温热稳定性、高热传导性、耐酸碱腐蚀性、低膨胀系数、抗热震好等等一系列的优良性能。碳化硅及其精细微粉制品主要用作耐火材料的原料、钢铁冶炼中的还原剂，还可用其制作磨具，适用于磨削低强度材料，如橡胶、塑料、木材等软性材料；也适用于磨削铸铁、玻璃、陶瓷等材料。因其良好的导电性能，碳化硅已经被开发用于制作芯片、蓝紫光发光二级管的基底；目前美国海军正在把碳化硅应用于许多先进的军用电子系统，例如海军的高性能雷达系统等。近年来，中国是碳化硅及其微粉制品生产大国和出口大国，碳化硅年产量约600,000t左右，国内生产碳化硅的冶炼工厂主要集中在