《英国文学概况说》PPT课件.ppt

Part Two History,Chapter I,Colonization of North America,I. The beginning of American history,1. American history generally began in 1607 when the first group of the British colonists went to America and started to build their settlement.,The Indians: A. They originated from Asia some 25000 years ago by crossing the Bering land bridge. B. The Indians have been identified to be the descendants of Mongoloid. C. The name of Indians was given by Columbus.,D. Most of them lived in Central and south America, with only one million in North America. E. They are red-skinned and dark-haired. F. They had their own social structure with tribes and clan. Private property was forbidden and everything was shared by all. G. They have made contributions to the world the American history. H. They were good at decorative art and lived on hunting and farming.,II. The Discovery of America,1. Causes that led to the discovery A. As the result of Renaissance some brave people started their expedition by sailing west across the Atlantic. B. Christopher Columbus discovered the new continent of America. C. Later Amerigo Vespucci confirmed that a new continent rather than Asia had been discovered. So the New World was named “ America” after him .,3. The significance of the discovery A. The discovery of the two continents made people get a better idea of the size of the earth. B. The early explorations laid the foundation for the creation of nations in North & South America.,2. The importance of the discovery A. The discovery of the New World widened peoples horizon and opened fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. B. It promoted the development of commerce, sea navigation and industry and provided the way for the rapid development of early capitalism.,The early explorer A. The Spanish explorer: a. Balboa: the first to cross the narrow strip of land joining North and South America b. Magellan: the first to sail around the earth, proving the earth is round B. The English explorer: a. Cabot: claimed the first piece of land to be English. b. Francis Drake: got victory over the Spanish Armada.,III. Colonization of North America,C. French explorer: A. Cartier: arrived upper part of North America b. Champlain: took furs from the Indians and founded the first French colony D. Significance: The explorers claimed large areas of land for their kings,A. People leaving the Old World to the New World wanted to seek freedom of religious beliefs and better living. B. It took more than a century for Britain to establish the thirteen colonies along the Atlantic coast. C. They were divided three sections: a. the southern colonies b. the middle colonies c. New England: basically founded by Puritans,Virginia, Maryland, the south and north Carolinas and Georgia,New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania,2. The Founding of the thirteen colonies,in autumn 1620, 102 people left Plymouth England for America by Mayflower from this dock.,Mayflower Monument at Plymouth England.,The Mayflower Compact（五月花公约）,In 1621, they reached Plymouth of America.,Plymouth monument,Plymouth rock,Mayflower monument,pilgrim monument,First Thanksgiving-Day to celebrate the harvest, expressing their thanks to God.,3. Colonial Life in General,A. Everyday life: a. Roughest sort of shelter: caves, log cabin b. Little furniture: no beds but skins c. Plentiful food: fish and wild animals d. Simple and rough clothing e. Hunting, fishing, house races and skating f. Large family,Colonial America-house,B. Education, religion and government a. They had little time and energy to spend on education. Only a few boys got received excellent education. Girls did not go to school. b. Two important churches: the Congregational and the Episcopal c. It was difficult for the king of England to look after all the affairs of the 13 colonies.,Colonial America-punishment,Colonial America-Saving John Smith,The End,Thank You,Sir Francis Drake,Back,log cabin,Back,In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc, having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.