【高考辅导资料】2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二_完形填空之说明文

2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二 完形填空之说明文（2）（新课标）二、说明文【体裁诠释】 说明文一般用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及规律。说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采用时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序。 1. 说明文一般分为三类： 事物的说明；事理的说明; 文艺性的说明。 2. 说明文通常具有下列特点： (1)多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释，而这种客观介绍与解释一般是不随时间变化而变化的。 (2)采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。 (3)遣词用字简练、平实、确切。 说明文的主要目的是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，故其语言通常较为浅显、通俗，比较易于读者理解。其内容也很客观真实，它的用词总是贴近事物的本来面目，不会使用华丽的词藻和夸张的写作手法，一般也不加描述和议论。 3. 做好说明文完形填空，最主要的是抓住文章说明的中心，这要求考生做好三方面： （1）注意文章的说明顺序，常见的说明顺序有时间、空间、逻辑（指先因后果或先果后因，先主后次的顺序）和认识顺序（指由此及彼，由浅入深，由局部到整体，由现象到本质，由具体到抽象的顺序）。把握了说明的顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，抓住文章中心。 （2）注意段落之间的逻辑关系，说明文的首段往往是文章的主题段，每段的首句也是主题句，一定把握好主题段和主题句，这是做好这类完形填空题的前提。 （3）注意文章结尾，文章结尾的段落往往对说明的问题进行总的概括，有时就是文章的点睛之处。【典例探究】（2010安徽卷）Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it .However, buying a pen that youll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possible for you to create a 48 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again. 52 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text ,as , 55, a signature on a printed letter .A broader line, on the other hand ,gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。 36.A.many B. few C. pleasant D. important37.A.looks B. reason C. value D. advantages38.A.once B. if C. because D. though39.A.convenient B. practical C. strange D. difficult 40.A.heavy B. easy C. hard D. safe41.A.taking B. finding C. determining D. seeking 42.A.stronger B. weaker C. smaller D. larger43.A.prefer B. recommend C. prepare D. demand 44.A.hardly B. also C. never D. still45. A. thick B. light C. long D. soft KS5U.COM46. A. change B. allow C. reduce D .press 47. A. They B. One C. This D. Some48. A. from B. rough C. black D. smooth49. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove50. A. way B. sight C. flow D. stream51. A. so B. as C. and D. yet52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally53. A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. compensate for54. A. attention B. support C. respect D. admission55. A. at most B. for example C. in brief D. on purpose【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么样的钢笔才算是得心应手的钢笔。36【解析】选B。既然现代家庭和办公室里有了打印机，那么手写的东西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few 少的。37【解析】选A。下文提到“人们一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”可知当时挑选钢笔时，主要是根据其外观买的。looks 外表，外貌； reason原因； value 价值；advantages优点，优势。38【解析】选A。此处应是时间状语从句，用once 引导，“一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”； once 一旦；if 如果； because因为；though 虽然，尽管。39【解析】选D。句意：如果你记住了以下几点的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔是不难的。convenient 方便的；easy容易的； strange奇怪的，陌生的； difficult困难的。40【解析】选B。根据常识可知，好的钢笔应该是用起来很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的； easy容易的，舒适的； hard硬的，难的； safe安全的。41【解析】选C。钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine决定；seek追求，寻找。42【解析】选D。和上句的small hand and thick fingers相对照，此处应是larger hand and thicker fingers。43【解析】选A。句意：如果你的手比较大，手指比较粗的话，你可能更喜欢粗点的钢笔。prefer喜爱；recommend推荐，建议；prepare准备；demand要求，需要。44【解析】选B。上文提到钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征，此处又提到其长度也影响舒适度。故选also 也。hardly 几乎不；never从不；still仍然。45【解析】选C。上文提到长度也会影响钢笔的舒适度，那么造成钢笔给人不平稳感觉的就应是钢笔太长了，所以选long长的。thick粗的；light轻的；soft柔软的。46【解析】选B。此处的意思应是“笔尖应让墨水出水均匀”，故选allow允许； change改变； reduce 减少；press 按，压。47【解析】选C。this指代上文中提到的“钢笔出水均匀”。48【解析】选D。出水均匀的钢笔能够让字体线条流畅。smooth流畅的，光滑的；thin纤瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。49【解析】选A。笔尖应该是当钢笔拿起来时，不再出水。prevent from doing 阻止做某事，此处指防止墨水流出free from 使免除； protect . from保护不受到伤害；remove from把从消除。50【解析】选C。不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖会在你拿起钢笔在放下时留下一滩滩的墨迹。way道路；sight视力；flow流量；stream小溪。51【解析】选B。as引导的时间状语从句。当你拿起钢笔在放下时留下一滩滩的墨迹。52【解析】选D。此处是列举的最后一条。meanwhile与此同时；generally一般情况下；afterwards后来；finally最后。53【解析】选D。细线条的钢笔或许会补偿差的书写。show up出席；differ from不同于；break down出故障，垮掉；compensate for补偿，赔偿。54【解析】选A。细线条的文字和印刷的文字在一起时，细线条的文字不会得到人们的注意，例如作为打印信件签名时。attention注意力；support支持；respect尊重；admission许可。55【解析】选B。举例说明用for example；at most至多；in brief 简言之；on purpose故意地。【跟踪演练】1、（2011吉林省实验中学高三第二次模拟考试）“ Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, practical and easy to deal withIt is 36 to find someone who is down-to-earthA person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to 37 accepts other people as equalsA down-to-earth is just the 38 of someone who acts importantly and proudly.Down-to-earth persons may be 39 members of society, of courseBut they do not let their importance “ go to their 40 ”They do not 41 themselves to be better persons than others of less importance, someone who is filled with his own importance and 42 , often without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”There is no way a person with his nose in the 43 can be down-to-earthAmericans use another expression that means almost the same 44 “down-to-earth”The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”Someone with both-feet-on-the-ground is a person 45 a good understanding of realityHe has what is called “ 46 sense”He may have 47 , but he does not allow them to 48 his knowledge of what is realThe opposite kind of person is 49 who has his “head-in-the-clouds”A man with his head in the clouds is a dreamer whose mind is not in the 50 world.Sometimes 51 a dreamer can be brought back to earth 52 words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very 53 to have both-feet-on-the-ground. 54 we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act 55 and openly toward othersOur lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.36Acommon Bsad Cpleasant Dsurprising37Abut Byet Cand Dwhile38Akind Blike Cexample Dopposite39Aimportant Bfamous Csuccessful Dnecessary40Anose Bheads Cminds Dforehead41Awish Bdesire Cexpect Dconsider42Aproud Bpride Cfamous Dfame43Aair Bsky Ctree Dcloud44Alike Bwith Cof Dfor45Ahas Bwho Cis Dwith46Ausual Bordinary Ccommon Ddaily47Adreams Bfortunes Cadvantages Dluck48Aprevent Bprotect Cblock Dgain49Aone Bthose Cthat Dthe one50Areality Breal Cdreamful Dtrue51Aso Bsuch Ceach Dthat52ASharp BNo CAll DBad53Aable Bprobable Clikely Dpossible54AWhen BWhile CAs DSince55Akindly Bdirectly Cfriendly Dhonestly 2、（2011福建省南安第一中学高三毕业班期中考试）My bed is supposed to be the best part of my home the place where I go to find 36_ and relaxation after a long, stressful day. So, lately, why do I get 37 just looking at it? I cant leave this problem unsolved to the next day, because I cant get to 38 in the first place: I am a victimof insomnia (失眠).Im not 39 _: studies show that more than one in three people worldwide 40 insomnia. It takes different 41 : some people can get to sleep on time, but 42 much too early; others get a full-nights sleep but still 43 very tired when they wake up. And then there are people like me, ordinary insomniacs who toss and turn all 44 , trying to fall asleep.Insomnia is most commonly a side effect of depression, but it can 45 be caused by many other ailments (小病痛). To find the 46 , doctors first find out the cause by 47 a “sleep diary,” in which you record your sleep habits. The diary may reveal (揭示) lifestyle patterns, 48 an afternoon nap, which are causing your 49 . Dr. Mark Dyken, a specialist in sleep disorders, writes that, “a good sleep diary can often 50 the patients to cure themselves.”A good nights sleep is created during the day. 51 in the beginning or middle of the day, and 52 from caffeine, alcohol and cigarettes in the afternoon and evening. After dark, dim (使暗淡) the lights and try to 53 stress. Our bodies like consistent (一贯的) patterns, so we should let 54 know that its time to wind down. If you cant fall asleep, keep the lights 55 . Try reading a book or listening to soft music. Youll most likely be asleep. 36. A. courageB. knowledgeC. decisionD. energy37. A. nervousB. comfortableC. calmD. satisfied38. A. liveB. restC. sleepD. play39. A. sadB. aloneC. pleasedD. afraid40. A. suffers fromB. benefits fromC. quarrels aboutD. struggles for41. A. waysB. effectsC. resultsD. forms42. A. get upB. wake upC. dreamD. turn over43. A. feelB. becomeC. proveD. look44. A. eveningB. dayC. nightD. time45. A. stillB. alsoC. evenD. only46. A. causeB. reasonC. excuseD. cure47. A. keepingB. discussingC. writingD. describing48. A. asB. likeC. forD. about49. A. illnessB. questionC. problemD. worry50. A. haveB. allowC. letD. make51. A. SleepB. WorkC. ReadD. Exercise 52. A. stay awayB. come outC. stay outD. make out53. A. rememberB. increaseC. keepD. reduce 54. A. itB. thatC. themD. this 55. A. bright B. low C. bad D. good3、 What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead? For example, cocaine is harmful, but what makes it harmful? I cant tell you all about drugs, but I can _36_ you think about them in this _37_ way. Your body is a very complicated machine, _38_ a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned _39_ it all works together. Special chemicals, which we call drugs, can affect it in many different ways. Some drugs are _40_ when your body has a problem, as with diseasecausing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too _41_ or some penicillin (青霉素) _42_ it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. _43_, all drugs are really poison, _44_ if you take too much, so you must always use them _45_. Why do some people take drugs like cocaine? For a little while they seem to make you feel better, or happier. But _46_ their effects have _47_, your body has to pay an extra _48_ to get back to normal. That makes you want to get _49_ of the drug. Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as _50_ for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your _51_. They make you want always more. And just a little too much can even _52_ nerves to your heart and stop its beating Many of us worry about the _53_ around us and what pollution does to us. How about your internal environment and what goes on _54_ you? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your _55_. Most drugs are pollutants. You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you. Why would you want pollutants in your body?36.A.makeB.causeC.helpD.let37.A.funnyB.differentC.simpleD.true38.A.justB.reallyC.especiallyD.sometimes39.A.as if Beven ifC.whereD.so that40.A.powerfulB.helpfulC.painfulD.helpless41.A.highB.tallC.muchD.hot42.A.whenB.untilC.asD.before43.A.besidesB.thusC.howeverD.naturally44.A.at mostB.at leastC.at timesD.at first45.A.carefullyB.easilyC.carelesslyD.a lot46.A.whereB.beforeC.afterD.until47.A.workedB.wornC.appearedD.lost48.A.numberB.quantityC.amountD.price49.A.Some moreB.nothingC.a littleD.a few50.A.guardsB.medicineC.chemicalsD.poisons51.A.worriesB.happinessC.freedomD.pride52.A.leadB.blockC.offerD.stick53.A.placesB.natureC.peopleD.environment54.A.insideB.aroundC.outsideD.next55.A.heartB.headC.bodyD.mind4、When I moved into an empty dormitory for the first time two years ago, I was certain of a few things. Firstly, I realized that I didnt 31 anybody at the school. Secondly, I knew that I wanted to work hard at my lessons and 32 something useful. And thirdly, I wanted to have a good time with new classmates, without my parents around.The first 33 frightened me in the beginning. But that 34 quickly disappeared. It was the other two goals 35 ended up being my difficulties. I knew that it was 36 to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But I wanted to 37 in both. I knew this would be a 38 , but I didnt realize how much until classes began.I got on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. 39 , instead of finishing my homework 40 it was due, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I always finished it the next day between classes. I knew 41 wasnt very good and the grade I 42 showed my lack of effort.I was 43 that I needed to find some sort of balance.So I created a schedule that would 44 my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea, 45 I was only able to 46 it for a few days. A schedule like that was too much pressure.So I tried another 47. Each week I made a list of everything I had to get done during that week.Then, under the list of things I had to get done, I 48 a list of things I could do if I had time.This is the method I have used since then. Im glad that Ive learned to 49 things and it has 50 prepare me for what is to come after graduation.31. A. knowB. recognizeC. realizeD. like32. A. understandB. learnC. tryD. tell33. A. teacherB. dayC. classD. realization34. A. happinessB. excitementC. fearD. desire35. A. whichB. whatC. thatD. who36. A. hardB. easyC. interestingD. nice37. A. winB. succeedC. getD. wish38. A. chanceB. jobC. challengeD. time39. A. OftenB. SeldomC. UnluckilyD. Fortunately40. A. becauseB. whenC. afterD. before41. A. itB. oneC. theseD. I42. A. demandedB. tookC. acceptedD. received43. A. asleepB. awakeC. ashamedD. aware44. A. fixB. divideC. putD. build45. A. soB. andC. butD. however46. A. useB. keepC. followD. make47. A. planB. energyC. pressureD. effort48. A. madeB. foundC. pickedD. brought49. A. doB. controlC. balanceD. hold50. A. hadB. helpedC. letD. forced5、 Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed （36） Astronauts who are （37） to go there in the next decade may find plenty （38） water to slake （消除） their thirstAnd with water present the （39） of finding some sort of life of Mars are （40） brighterThis is the view of forty geologists who have been analyzing （41） of pictures and other scientific （42） obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventiesTo begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as （43） as the Moon （44） dust storms swirling over vast sandy （45） But now the picture is very different （46） mountains and valleys carved by （47） glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep undergroundIn a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures DrMichael Car of the USGeological Survey comments: “I am convinced （48） lots of water on Mars” Any surface water will be in the （49） of iceBut it could save explorers from （50） to take so much （51） with themThe report says （52） Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages （53） due to its axis （轴） having been more tilted （倾斜） towards the sun（54） signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars, （55） the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years36Ait is Bit Cit to be Dwas37Aexpected Bhoped Crequired Dsent38Ato Bof Cmore Din39Achances Bopenings Coccasions Dpossibility40Aquite Bvery Cmuch Dmore41Aa few Bmany Cthousand Dthousands42Askills Bnews Cintelligence Dinformation43Apeaceful Bquiet Clifeless Ddead44Aof Bwith Cfor Dthrough45Adeserts Bmountains Crivers Dseas46Afrom Bbetween Cfor Dwith47Aenergetic Bgreat Cheavy Dpowerful48Atheres Btherere Cheres Dherere49Aappearance Bway Cform Dshape50Ahave Bhaving Ccarry Dcarrying51Awater Bice Cequipment Doxygen52Awhat Bif Chow Dthat53Apass Bpast Cago Dbefore54ANot BNo CNor DNever55Aprobably Bperhaps Csupposed Dalthough6、 Every country has its own dining customs. Americans feel that the first rule of being a 1 guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at six thirty, the hostess 2 him to be there at six thirty or 3 a few minutes a