2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.5NelsonMandela_amodernhero词汇短语含解析.docx

专题1.5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1.quality n.质量；品质；性质，特征【教材原句】And what qualities does a great person have?一个伟人应该具有哪些品质？【归纳拓展】be of good/high quality质量好的be of poor quality 质量差的in quality在质量方 He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。即学即练（1）He has many good (quality), but his best quality is his kindness.他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。（2）As a matter of fact, air in many cities is .事实上，许多地区的空气质量很差。【答案】（1）qualities （2）of poor quality （3）We all agree that the products of this factory are of better _.AqualityBquantityCprincipalDidentity 2.devote vt. 献身；专心于【教材原句】A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。【归纳拓展】devoted.to (介词).把奉献给；把专注于devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；献身于devote ones life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的be devote to (doing) sth. 专心于.；致力于.；奉献于.；热衷于.devotion n. 关爱；奉 Im devoting all my time and energy to caring for my son right now.目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。Her son，to whom she is so devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。His devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。即学即练（1）这些艺术家把终生献给了艺术，为艺术事业作出了巨大贡献。These artists _ _ _ _ _art, and made great contributions to the artistic field.（2）I dont think we should devote any more time to (persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.我认为我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的一个人改变主意。 3. mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的【教材原句】The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is mean with money.那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。【归纳拓展】be mean with sth.对某物吝啬be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄mean vt. 意指，意味着，意思是mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 In my opinion，that is a mean thing to do.依我看来，那是一件很卑鄙的事情。即学即练（1）Im terribly sorry，but I didnt mean (upset) your plan.真对不起，但我并非有意打乱你的计划。（2）Bob is determined to get a seat for the concert even though it means (stand) in line all night for the ticket.鲍勃决心要买到音乐会的票，即使那意味着整夜站着排队。 4. found vt.建立；建设【教材原句】He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting.经过多年的斗争之后，他在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。【名师点津】【语境助记】After the new country was founded，the poor man finally found his family.在新的国家建立后，这位可怜的人终于找到了他的家人。即学即练（1）Tsinghua University， (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的摇篮。（2）Weve a great new restaurant near the office.我们在办公处附近发现了一家挺好的新餐馆。【答案】（1）founded （2）found5. vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n投票；票【教材原句】Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。【归纳拓展】vote for投票支持vote against 投票反对vote on 投票表决vote to do sth. 表决做某 take/have a vote on 对.进行表决Did you vote for or against her?你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。 即学即练（1）我将投票选吉姆，因为我认为他比别人好。I shall _ _Jim, because I think he is better than others.（2）因为他们不同意对方的意见，他们决定投票决定这件事。As they couldnt agree with each other, they decided to _ _ the issue.（3）我们家人表决同意向律师求助。Our family _ _ turn to the lawyer for help.6. attack vt.& n进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害【教材原句】We chose to attack the laws.我们选择向法律进攻。【归纳拓展】make an attack on/upon 对发动攻击be/come under attack 遭到袭击；遭到抨击a heart attack 心脏病突发attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人be attacked with 患 What will you do if you are under attack？Would you like to make an attack on those who attack you？你受到袭击时会怎么做呢？你会向袭击你的人发起攻击吗？即学即练（1）She is very sad because her mother (attack) with cancer.她很伤心，因为她母亲得了癌症。（2）The old man suffered (attack) yesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。（3）The judge said that it was not legal (attack) other people with violence.法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。 7.equal v等于；抵得上adj.相等的；胜任的n同等的人；相等物【教材原句】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。【归纳拓展】be equal to与相等；能胜任；能应付 be equal with与相等 没有能比得上的equal sb.in 在方面比得上某人equally adv. 同样地，平等地 Im sure Toms quite equal to the task.我认为汤姆完全有能力承担这项任务。Im not sure he is equal to the job.我不确定他是否能胜任这份工作。 即学即练（1）I dont think he is equal_this kind of work，so I cant hire him.Ain doing Bdoing Cto do Dto doing（2）His paintings are in the western world.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。（3）No one can equal her dancing.论跳舞，没有人能比得上她。【答案】（2）without equal（3）in8. escape vt.& vi.逃避；逃脱；避免；逃走；泄露n.逃走；逃脱；逃避；泄露【教材原句】It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是个无人逃走过的监狱。【归纳拓展】escape fromn. 从中逃脱escape doing sth./sth. 逃避(做)某事have a narrow escape九死一生；幸免于 She managed to escape from the burning car.她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。He was lucky to escape punishment/being punished.他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。He had a narrow escape.他九死一生。【名师点津】escape后面接非谓语动词作宾语时要用动名词，不能用不定式。即学即练（1）Mike often attempts to escape_whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been fined Bto have been fined Cto be fined Dbeing fined（2）No one can escape (punish) if he breaks law.任何违法的人都逃脱不了惩罚。（3）As far as I know，he .据我所知，他九死一生。【答案】（2）punishment/being punished （3）had a narrow escape9.reward n.& v.报答；报酬；奖赏【教材原句】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。【归纳拓展】give/offer a reward to sb. for doing sth.reward sb. with.for doing sth. 为某事而给某人报酬in reward for 因为得到奖赏in reward 作为回报/报答as a reward for 作为对某事的报酬/奖赏 You deserve a reward for being so helpful.你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。She got nothing in reward for her kindness.她的好心没有得到一点回报。即学即练（1）Toms father made a promise that he would give him a(n)_if he passed the college entrance examination.Aaward Bprize Creward Dprofit（2） , I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。（3）She got nothing her kindness.她的好心没有得到一点回报。（4）She wanted to reward the cleaners 1,000 for their efforts.她想对清洁工所做出的努力奖赏1 000英镑。【答案】（2）In reward （3）in reward for （4）with10. sentence vt.判决；宣判 n.判刑【教材原句】Nelson Mandela was sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against antiblack laws.纳尔逊曼德拉因鼓励使用暴力对抗反黑人的法律而被判处五年劳教。【归纳拓展】be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑sentence sb.to five years imprisonmentsentence sb.to five years in prison判某人五年监禁 serve ones/a sentence 服刑 life/death sentence 无期徒刑/死刑The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.由于他的恶劣行为，囚犯被判处死刑。即学即练（1）The prisoner (sentence) pay a fine of $5,000.这名犯人被判处5 000美元的罚款。（2）The judge (sentence) prison for life.法官判这个人终身监禁。【答案】（1）was sentenced to （2）sentenced the man to二、核心短语回顾1. out of work失业【教材原句】Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work. 可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心会失业。【归纳拓展】out of a jobout of work失业(表示状态)lose ones job失去工作；失业(表示动作 Since the factory was shut down，they have been out of work at home.自从工厂倒闭以后，他们一直失业在家。即学即练（1）After he , he had to support his family by borrowing money from others.他失业之后，不得不靠从别人那里借钱养家。（2）His parents are leading a simple life, for they for a year.他的父母生活很简朴，因为他们已经失业一年了。 2. 【教材原句】As a matter of fact，I do not like violence.but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.事实上，我并不喜欢暴力但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。（1）as a matter of fact事实上，实际上【归纳拓展】 实际上，事实上 As a matter of fact，I dont like to be praised before the public. 事实上，我不喜欢在公众面前受表扬。即学即练（1） , it was useless for him to explain in that situation.事实上，他在那种情况下解释是无用的。（2）I thought the work would be difficult. , its very easy.我原以为这项工作会很难，事实上却很容易。【答案】（1）As a matter of fact/Actually（2）As a matter of fact/In fact（2）blow up 炸毁，使炸得粉碎；给.充气；打气；大发雷霆【归纳拓展】 blow out 吹灭；爆裂 blow away 吹走；驱散即学即练 A police officer was killed when his car .一名警官在其汽车爆炸时遇难。 3. in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等处境中【教材原句】Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.当纳尔逊曼德拉处于困境时，伊莱亚斯去看望了他。ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼get into trouble 陷入困境make trouble 惹是生非；制造麻烦have trouble/difficulty (in) doing/with sth. 做某事有困难take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某 即学即练（1）Great men are always willing to help people .伟大的人总是乐意帮助处于困境中的人们。（2）Do you have any trouble in (finish) the work on time?你按时完成这项工作有困难吗？（3）The soldiers took the trouble (rescue) the workers trapped in the mine.士兵们不辞辛劳地营救被困在矿井中的工人。【答案】（1）in trouble（2）finishing（3）to rescue4.turn to求助于；翻到（书的某页）；查阅；转向【教材原句】Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？【归纳拓展】turn down关小，拒绝turn in 上交；上缴turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)turn out 结果是，证明是，生产出turn up 调大；出，露面turn around/round 转身turn over 翻身；翻转；换频道，转台 即学即练（1）Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesnt know whom to _.Aturn toBlook for Cdeal with Dtalk about（2）What are you reading，Tom?Im not really reading，just _ the pages.Aturning off Bturning around Cturning over Dturning up【解析】选C。本题考查turn构成的动词短语。第二句句意：我没有真正看书，只是在翻书。turn over“翻身；翻过(一页书)”，符合句意。5. lose heart丧失勇气或信心【教材原句】The scientist from whom I learned a lot never lost heart when he was in trouble.那位科学家遇到麻烦时从不灰心，我从他身上学到很多东西。【归纳拓展】learn.by heart 记住；背诵put ones hear into sth. 对全力以赴，一心一意lose ones heart to 倾心于；爱上break ones heart使某人很伤心heart and soul全心全意地 Dont lose heart, all will turn out well. 不要灰心，一切都会好起来。即学即练（1）Although he was attacked with heart disease, the man did not .虽然患了心脏病，但这个人没有失去信心。（2） and you will succeed in time.专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。（3）Our Party was founded in 1921, since when she has been serving the people .我党建立于1921年，自从那时起，她就全心全意为人民服务。 6. come to power当权；上台【教材原句】I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.在曼德拉和非洲人民大会党于1994年掌权之前，我有20年都不工作了。【归纳拓展】be in power 执政；当权（表示状态） lose power 下台；失去权力beyond ones power力所不能及的within ones power 力所能及的do all/everything in ones power to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事 It was the second time that Obama had come to power.这是奥巴马第二次上台执政。即学即练