2018_2019学年高中英语Module2TheRenaissanceSectionⅢGrammar_复习非谓语动词教案外研版.docx

Section Grammar-复习非谓语动词语法初识原句感知自主探究It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.Our work is serving the people.People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.The building being built is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 15031506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.(1)句中黑体部分在句中均作主语。句中黑体部分在句中均作表语。句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。(2)根据句可知，动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语。(3)根据句可知，黑体部分为动词ing形式的被动式，在句中分别作定语和宾语。(4)句中黑体部分为过去分词在句中作状语。语法剖析时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing动词ing形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动词ed形式一般式done集中演练1单句语法填空To_increase (increase) levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Do you mind being_interrupted (interrupt) while studying?Warned (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.Not_having_seen (not see) her for a long time, I missed her very much.His first book to_be_published (publish) next month is based on a true story.The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.1不定式和动词ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时的区别(1)不定式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示具体的、特指一次性或将要发生的动作。(2)动词ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示抽象的、泛指经常的动作或一般情况。Swimming is a very good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。(动词ing 形式 swimming 在句中作主语，表示泛指一般情况)They managed to escape from the burning building.他们设法逃离了那座着火的大楼。(不定式短语 to escape from the burning building 在句中作宾语，表示一次性的动作)巧学助记(1)通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：提出要求拒绝难：offer, ask/demand, refuse同意答应会帮忙：agree, promise, help设法做成决心坚：manage, decide/determine/choose计划安排有希望：plan, arrange, desire, would like/love, expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假装：fail, pretend(2)通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：允许考虑四建议：allow/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend忙于坚持多练习：be busy, insist on, practise承认喜欢多盼望：admit, enjoy, look forward to否认拖延可原谅：deny, delay/postpone/put off, excuse避免错过莫放弃：avoid, miss, give up完成冒险没逃避：finish, risk, escape想象之后才感激：imagine, appreciate名师点津(1)有些动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时，意义完全不同：forgetrememberregretstoptrymeango oncant helpIll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景。(forget doing sth. 表示“忘记已做过某事”，动名词表示已经完成的动作)Dont forget to carry your camera with you.别忘了带上你的照相机。(forget to do sth. 表示“忘记去做某事”，不定式表示将要去做的事情)They meant to help her carry the box, but she declined.他们想帮她搬那个箱子，但她婉言谢绝了。(mean to do sth. 表示“意欲/打算做某事”)Perseverance does not mean doing the same thing forever.坚持不懈并不意味着永远做同一件事情。(mean doing sth. 表示“意味着做某事”)(2)动词 want, need, require 作“需要”讲时，其后通常接动词ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，这时动词ing 形式的主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week.这种植物需要一星期浇两次水。(句中 need 为实义动词)2现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区别(1)现在分词(如interesting, exciting, moving, puzzling, surprising)作表语通常用于表示事物的性质特征；过去分词(如interested, excited, moved, puzzled, surprised)作表语，通常用于表示人或人的心理状态。She was puzzled at what to do with it.她不知道怎么处理这件事。The situation was more puzzling than ever.局势比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)这类过去分词和现在分词还可以作定语修饰名词。一般而言，现在分词修饰表示事物的名词；而过去分词修饰人或表示人的心理状态的名词。Hearing the exciting news, he burst into tears.听到这令人激动的消息，他突然大哭起来。Seeing his excited look, I know he has won the match.看到他兴奋的表情，我知道他赢得了比赛。3非谓语动词作定语时的用法区别不定式通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系动词ing 形式现在分词作定语通常有主动进行含义或表示一种状态；动名词作定语通常表示用途动词ed 形式动词ed形式作定语通常有被动(或)完成含义The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my close friend.墙上挂的这幅图画是我的一位密友画的。(现在分词短语 hanging on the wall 作定语，表示一种状态)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.第一批把英语作为外语教学而编写的教科书是在16世纪出版的。(过去分词短语 written for teaching English as a foreign language 作定语表示被动完成含义)Have you got anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？(不定式 to say 作定语，与所修饰的词anything 之间在逻辑上存在动宾关系)4非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的用法区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage .主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make .现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel .主谓关系。强调动作正在进行过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Johns mother doesnt allow him to tease the cat.约翰的母亲不允许他戏弄这只猫。(不定式短语 to tease the cat 在句中作宾语补足语)I saw them enter a coffee bar.我看见他们进了一家咖啡馆。(省略 to 的不定式短语 enter a coffee bar 在句中作宾语补足语)I caught George smoking in the toilet.我撞见乔治在厕所抽烟。(现在分词短语 smoking in the toilet 在句中作宾语补足语)David had his car maintained yesterday.昨天戴维让人把车做了保养。(过去分词maintained 在句中作宾语补足语)名师点津如果 have, make, see, hear, notice 等词的复合宾语结构中的宾语补足语为省略 to 的不定式，变被动语态时省略的 to 需要还原。He was seen to date Mary yesterday.昨天他被看见和玛丽约会了。(不定式 to date Mary 在句中作主语补足语)5非谓语动词作状语时的用法区别(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果等状语。To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.为了提高他们的服务水平，这个旅店的员工们正努力地学习英语。(不定式to improve their service在句中作目的状语)She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。(不定式短语as to be unable to speak在句中作结果状语，通常位于句末)Jack hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)I am glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)(2)动词ing形式(现在分词)和动词ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步等状语。主语与动词ing形式(现在分词)之间在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词ed形式(过去分词)之间在逻辑上存在动宾关系。Getting up late, he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。(现在分词短语getting up late在句中作原因状语)Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin.由于遇上了大雨，他浑身都湿透了。(过去分词短语caught in a heavy rain在句中作原因状语)Tom lay on the grass, staring into the sky.汤姆躺在草地上，凝望着天空。(现在分词短语staring into the sky在句中作伴随状语)Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。(过去分词短语surrounded by a group of pupils在句中作方式状语)Given another chance, he will do it better. 如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。(过去分词短语given another chance在句中作条件状语)The fire lasted a week, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。(现在分词短语leaving nothing valuable在句中作结果状语)Although living miles away, he attended the course.虽然住在几英里之外，他仍去上课。(现在分词短语living miles away在句中作让步状语)集中演练2(1)单句语法填空I dont allow smoking (smoke) in my drawing room.With two children attending (attend) the middle school now, the man is working hard.Having_found (find) her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.The purpose of new technologies is to_make (make) our life easier, not to make it more difficult.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role to_play (play) in making the earth a better place to live in.Helena was excited, just as I had imagined, to_find (find) her lost pet.The quarrel_leading (lead) to the fight started from their disbelief in each other.Having_been_shown (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building, where many scientists worked.Praised (praise) too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort.My brother sent me an email with one of his photos on Mount Tai attached (attach) to it.(2)单句改错Besides, have enough sleep can make us full of energy and make it possible for us to perform well in the exam. havehavingEvery high school student wants to get into famous universities and they spend most of their time review lessons. reviewreviewingAll of us are looking forward to live in a harmonious society. livelivingNow let me to tell you what I am interested in. 去掉toWhen asking about famous writers in China, I will list many names. askingaskedFirst, congratulations. Im glad you got accept. acceptacceptedAs far as Im concerning, I should set a good example to reduce waste. concerningconcernedLearning this news, I am really willing to travel with you and introducing Xian to you. introducingintroduceAnd I often hear birds sung. sungsingingThere are ancient descriptions of crossbows hiding at the tombs entrance.hidinghidden链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷语法填空)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.解析：考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”，变成被动语态为be required to do sth.，故填to process。2(2017全国卷语法填空)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接三个动名词短语作宾语，故填laying。3(2017北京高考单选改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend) with his students.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，time和spend之间是动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，应用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填spent。4(2017天津高考单选改编)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这家医院最近得到了一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。动词allow与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填allowing。5(2017江苏高考单选改编)Many Chinese brands, having_developed (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：许多中国品牌已经享誉数百年，正面临着来自现代市场的新的挑战。本句的主语Many Chinese brands与develop之间为主动关系，又根据句中的时间状语over centuries可知，此处应用现在分词的完成时，故填having developed。6(2016全国卷语法填空)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to_create (create) special designs.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。根据句意和结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to create。7(2016北京高考单选改编)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：考查非谓语动词句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动和完成。针对演练.单句语法填空1Its a great pleasure to_spend (spend) my holiday in the countryside.2Susan suggested asking (ask) her brother for help, but few of us agreed with her.3Jenny heard them_arguing (argue) outside, so she became very angry.4The government is going to set up a new organization called (call) the Red Cross to help people who need help.5The monkeys_sent (send) to zoos in Beijing and other cities are very clever and lovely so the visitors like them very much.6The president of the company promised_to_solve (solve) the tricky problem as soon as possible. 7._Having_lived (live) in Taiwan for nearly twenty years, he finally decided to return to his hometown.8Robert rushed off with great excitement, even_forgetting (forget) to take his cellphone.9The patient asked to_be_operated (operate) on at once.10I have a lot of work to_do (do) this afternoon. Please dont disturb me unless you have something important.完成句子1我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。My hobbies are_listening_to_music_and_playing_football.2我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。I heard_the_song_sun