2011高考英语必看之-形容词、副词.ppt

the Adjective,概念：用来修饰名词和代词，描绘人或事物的特征的词，叫 形容词。在句中一般用作定语，表语和宾语补足语。 形容词有三种形式：原级，比较级和最高级 一：形容词的比较级与最高级的构成方法： 1：规则变化 1）单音节词在词尾加 -er 和-est shortshortershortest, hardharder hardest, light-lighterlightest, 2）重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个 辅音字母，再加-er 和-est bigbiggerbiggest , hothotterhottest 3）如果原级以 “e” 结尾，就只加-r 和-st largelargerlargest, bravebraver-bravest 4）以 “y” 结尾的双音节词，先变 y为 i ，再加 -er 和 est,heavyheavierheaviest , earlyearlierearliest 5）其他的双音节词和多音节词都在前面加单词 more 和 most difficultmore difficultmost difficult 2：不规则变化 good/wellbetterbest, many/muchmore-most bad/illworseworst, littlelessleast farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest oldolder/elderoldest/eldest (Note:副词的比较级与最高级的构成跟形容词的 比较级与最高级的构成一样。),1.原级用于“ as+原级 +as”，表示肯定意义; “not so /as+原级+as”表示否定意义 I am as tall as you. He isnt so/as diligent as her sister. 注意：在第一个as 前可以加上表示倍数和程度的词， twice/ three times/ nearly /almost / just/ quite/ exactly +as +原级+as eg. 1)Asia is four times as large as Europe. 2)He is almost as old as his uncle. 2.比较级用于两者之间的比较，比较级后面要用 than eg. 1)Your handwriting is better than mine. 2)Li Ping is much taller than any other student in his class. 注意：在比较级前面可以加一些副词来表示程度。 a little, a lot , even, still, much, far, by far, quite,二：形容词的三个等级的用法,eg. 1)He is quite better today.(quite is only used to modify better) 2)Iron is hard, but steel is still harder. 3)He is better by far.( He is by far the best.) 4)Im a little more careful than before. 3.最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较。后面常 跟 in（表范围）/ of（表同类）。形容词最高级前 面一般要加 the 但如果形容词最高级前面有物主代词或 指示代词以及名词所有格等修饰时，则不能加 the eg. 1)The Changjiang River is the longest of all the rivers in China. 2)This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 3)What is your greatest wish ? 4)She is the smartest child in this class.,注意：在最高级前面可以加一些副词来表示程度 by far, almost,nearly +the +最高级+ in/ of eg. We know that the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest ocean in the world. 4. “比较级+and + 比较级” 表示“越来越” 1) The weather is getting colder and colder. 2) The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful. 5 .“ the +比较级， the + 比较级”表示“越 ,越” 1) The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 2) The more attentive in class, the better. 3) The more hurried, the less speed.,6.the+比较级 +of the two+n. 两者之最 I want to buy the cheaper of the two books. He is the taller of the two boys. 7. 表示一个人的两种性质的比较，用 More than的结构 1)He is more a friend than a teacher. 2)They are more friendly than shy. 3)The building looks more like a hospital than like a hotel. 8. 否定+比较=最高级 1)I cant find a better hotel in this city.(=This is the best hotel in this town.) 2) - What do you think of this film? - I havent seen a more interesting one. 9. +than+any other +single n + all the other +plural n, +any of the other +plural n + anyone else 10.no+比较级+than= as +antonym +as 与 同样不 1)He is no more handsome than that man. =He is as ugly as that man. 2)You are no taller than I .= You are as short as I Note:无比较级，最高级 的形容词有： 1）表示比较，特殊意义的： comparative, relative, particular, special 2）表示绝对意义的： absolute, unexpected, entire, excellent, perfect, total, thorough, whole, complete 3）表示大小，极限，主观，上下等意义的：,extreme, main, major, minor, chief, senior, junior 4）表示性质特征的： economic, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden, woolen 5）表示独一无二的，形状的，强调的： only, matchless, single, round, square, level, very, own, favourite,三：多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序,限定词（these, those ,this ,that ,the ,an, ones, many, some ）+数量形容词（three, four, one ）+描绘性 形容词（beautiful, pretty, fine,clever,handsome）+ 大小，长短，高低等形体性形容词（big, tall, long, high , large）+新旧（old,new）+颜色（red, blue, green ) +国籍（Chinese, English, German）+材 （ wood, iron, steel, wool, cotton）+用途（writing, listening, ）+被修 的名词 1) all these happy days 2) many pretty little Chinese children 3)There are some beautiful round wood writing desks in the room. 4) I saw a wonderful tall red Russian teaching building in the picture. 5) a long old yellow walking stick,1. 当形容词修饰不定代词one,no, any, some 和every 构成的复合词 eg. Something, anything, nothing 时. 1)Do you have something new to tell us? 2)I have nothing important to do now. 2. 当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时 1)The man full of fear went home hurriedly. 2) The girl with a bag in her hand is his daughter. 3.当两个意义相反的形容词用“bothand”；and ; or 或so 连接在一起作定语时 1)All the people, young and old, must take part in the game. 2)You can give us any advice, useful or useless. 4.当old, long, high, wide, deep,tall 等词附有数量词短 语作定语时,四：形容词作后置定语的几种情况：,eg 1) She is only a girl six years old. (but: She is a six-year-old girl.) 2)Now, please find a rope about eight meters long. (Its an eight-meter-long rope.) 5.有些形容词以 a 开始，常用作后置定语（这些词常用作表 语）alike, awake, alone, asleep,alive,afraid eg. 1)He is counting fish alive. 2)Do you know the man asleep. 3)The boy alone can hold up the big stone. 有些形容词只作表语， 而通常不作前置定语。常见的表 语形容词有：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure （这些词都可以作宾语补足语）,五：表语形容词,1)Im afraid that I cant go to the party tonight. 2)His book is well worth reading. 3) Are you able to finish the task on time? 4) The boy was alone in his study, reading a story . Note: 以 a开始的形容词不可直接用 very来修饰 eg. very much alone 非常孤单的 fast asleep, 熟睡的 wide awake 十分清醒的 very much afraid 很害怕的 greatly ashamed 非常害羞的,副词是用来修饰形容词，副词，动词,介词短语和 整个句子的词，一般在句子中作状语和表语。 1.副词的构成 与形容词的构成相同。 2.副词也有三个等级，用法与形容词的相同。 但副词的最高级前的 the 可以省略 eg.1)He runs fast.- He runs faster than I . - He runs (the) fastest in our class.(adv) but:This train is very fast.(adj) 2)You dont work as hard as .he.(adv) but: This answer is very hard to understand.(adj) 3)He looks attentively at the screen when the film is on. 4) You cant be careful enough when you do the work,The adverb,5) He always smiles even when he doesnt feel well. 6)Fortunately, his stepmother was very kind to him. 7)The teachers speak highly of his compositions. 1.Jane is in her bedroom. It is _. A.upstairs B.to upstairs C.upstair D.to upstair 2.How are you feel today ? - I am feeling _. A.very good B.good C.much better D.much nicer 3.Dont bother your father. He is _ busy. A.much B.more C.less D.quite 4.If you dont drink too much, your health will get even _. A.better B.bad C.good D.well,Practice,A,C,D,A,4.It is said that he is the most famous scientist _. A.living B.alive C.live D.lively 5.It is dark, but they are _ in the office working hard. A.yet B.still C.already D.also 6._ you do it, _ it will be. A.The sooner, the better B.The sooner, better C.The soon, the better D.Sooner, better 7.This road is not _ for two trucks to pass side by side. A.enough wide B.wide enough C.so wide D.wider 8.Our sports team won _ many gold medals _ they did last year. A.twice as, as B.as twice, as C.as, as twice D.twice, than 9.They were not sure what would happen, so they