英语二轮复习名词与冠词.ppt

第二讲 名词和冠词,锁定高考考点,1(2014新课标卷短文改错)For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. _ 答案： 第一个hourhours,名词的单复数,2(2014新课标卷语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案： changes 3(2014新课标卷短文改错)Since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. _ 答案： yearyears,4(2014安徽卷)Why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good_(suggest) 答案： suggestion,词性的转换,5(2014湖北卷)Her_(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 答案： motivation 6(2014山东写作)My English improved a lot，more importantly，I gained much_(confident) 答案： confidence,7(2014辽宁卷语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep_. 答案： breath 8(2013天津卷)While she was in Paris，she developed a_(tasty) for fine art. 答案： taste,固定搭配,9(2012山东卷)Being able to afford_drink would be_comfort in those tough times. 答案： a；a 10(2013新课标卷)India attained_independence in 1947，after_long struggle. 答案： /；a,抽象名词具体化,突破重点难点,一、名词的数 单数名词变为复数名词的常用法则： (1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加s，如：books，caps，trees。 (2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es。如：glasses, boxes，watches，brushes。 (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y改为i，再加es。如：stories，countries。,(4)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s，但是下列名词要加es，它们是：黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，volcanoes，potatoes，tomatoes。(注：volcanos也正确) (5)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s，但下列以f或fe结尾的名词需把f或fe去掉，加ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。,单复数同形的名词 sheep绵羊 deer鹿 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 means方法 crossroads十字路口 series连续 species种类 works工厂 head头(量词) 外来名词的复数形式 criterioncriteria标准 phenomenonphenomena现象 analysisanalyses分析 basisbases 基础 crisiscrises 危机 bacteriumbacteria细菌 mediummedia媒体,fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式为fishes，表示条数时复数形式为fish。 There are many different fishes in this river. 这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。 I bought five fish today.今天我买了五条鱼。 people指“人们”时其单复数形式相同，指“民族”时其复数形式为peoples。 people人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族,二、词性转换 1动词变名词的后缀,2.形容词变名词的后缀,三、名词的固定搭配 1动词have，take，make，pay，play，put，give，keep，lend等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation 有个好名声 have an idea of 了解 have a sense of 有意识 have a feeling of 有感觉,have access to 可以获得 take advantage of 利用，趁之机 make fun of 取笑，嘲弄 make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理 get relief 得到缓解 give solution 给出解决方案 lend a hand 帮忙,The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good reputation. 这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。 The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library. 设计这个系统的目的是让学生能够迅速、便捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。,2介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand 需求量很大 in quantity 大量，大批 in progress 在进行中 in production 在产量方面 out of ones reach 手不能及 out of touch 与无联系 out of sight 看不见 beyond recognition 辨认不出来,(2012全国卷)The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are in great demand in this city. 哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。 Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens reach. 记住把像刀子之类的危险的东西放在孩子够不着的地方。,四、抽象名词具体化 1. 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的词见下表,(2012福建高考)Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。 What do you think of the manager of your company? Oh，he is a manager whos pleasant to work with.Its a pleasure to work with him. 你认为你公司的经理怎么样？ 噢，他是一位与其共事非常令人高兴的经理，与他共事是一件愉快的事情。,2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词,I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone. You should never put drinks near a phone. 我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了手机上。 你从来都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。,演练命题热点,.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1(2014东北三校一模语法填空)The father，who was angry and bothered，began tearing the magazine cover into small _(piece) 答案： pieces 2(2014太原一模语法填空)She did it with a lot of help from a lot of friends and_(volunteer) 答案： volunteers,3It is reported that the floods have left about two thousand _(people) homeless. 答案： people 4As far as I know，two_(thief) have been caught in our community. 答案： thieves 5(2013江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with_(patient) 答案： patience,6(2014石家庄一模语法填空)While waiting for my flights，I watch people passing by and start my _ (imagine) 答案： imagination 7(2014河北衡水中学第二次调研语法填空) Peoples _(choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. 答案： choice,8I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond_(recognize) 答案： recognition 9Ordinary woman though she is，she tries every means to raise peoples_(aware) of the environment protection. 答案： awareness 10(2013天津卷)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend a_. 答案： hand,.在括号内填入适当的冠词 1The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday. Yes，news came as_shock to me. 答案： a 2(2014浙江高三五校联考)We dont think the experiment is_ failure.At least we have gained experience for future success. 答案： a 3(2014辽宁写作)Your contribution will certainly make the event _huge success. 答案： a,冠 词,锁定高考考点,1(2014天津卷)Life is like_ocean：Only the strongwilled can reach the other shore. 答案： an,不定冠词,2(2014重庆卷)I cant tell you_way to the Wilsons because we dont have_Wilson here in the village. 答案： the；a 3(2014浙江卷)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days _week，often long into _night. 答案： a；the,4(2014新课标卷语法填空)Now，years later，this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 答案： the,定冠词,5(2014广东语法填空)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on_top floor. 答案： the 6(2014江西卷)They chose Tom to be_captain of the team because they knew he was_smart leader. 答案： the；a,7(2013浙江卷)People develop_preference for a particular style of learning at_early age and these preferences affect learning. 答案： a；an,固定搭配中的冠词,突破重点难点,一、定冠词的用法 1用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 (2013陕西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.据说，在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。,2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。 (2014山西部分重点高中高三联考)I dont know who invented the iPhone，but I think it is a useful invention.我不知道是谁发明了iPhone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。 As is known to us，the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 众所周知，太阳东方升起西方落下。,注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空， nature自然，man人类等。 (2013江西高考)Animals are obviously the lower form of life than man.动物显然是一种比人类低级的生命形式。,3特指某人、某事或某个地方。 (2014陕西高考)The village where I was born has grown into a town.我出生的那个村庄已经变成一个城镇了。 (2013重庆高考)The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee. 这对父母被他们的儿子需要做膝部手术的消息震惊了。 4by表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。 Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. Right，he will also get paid by the week. 据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。 是的，而且会按周获得报酬。,5用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China. 在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。 6用于复数姓氏之前，表示“全家”或“夫妇”或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。 As far as I know，the Greens have no children. 据我所知，格林家没有孩子。,二、不定冠词的用法 1用在单数可数名词前，表示泛指。 (2013福建高考)The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples wellbeing and a dream of harmony，peace and development. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平发展的梦。,2表示“某一个”，相当于some，译为“某一”。 Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him. Sorry，but there is no such person here. 对不起，这个小区住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。 对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。,3序数词前加不定冠词，表示“又一，再一”。 (2012全国卷)He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。 4amost表示“很”“非常”。 (2013昆明质量检测)What do you think about the song What Makes You Beautiful? Its really a most wonderful song this year. 你认为歌曲什么使你最美怎么样？ 确实是今年非常好的一首歌。,5有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding 等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。 Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better understanding of how society operates. 社会实践对于学生来说是获得对社会更好理解的机会。 What happened just now shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference in an emergency. 刚刚发生的事情表明了解急救知识在紧急情况下确实能够改变一切。,三、固定搭配中的冠词 用于某些习惯用法，如at an early age，have a look，play a trick on，in a hurry，develop a preference for等。 at the beginning开始，起初 make the most of利用 (2014江西南昌一模)If you want to improve your working efficiency，it will be a must for you to make the most of your time. 如果你想提高工作效率，充分利用时间是必须的。,演练命题热点,.单句语法改错 1(2014陕西卷短文改错)That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! _ 答案： aan,2(2014陕西一联短文改错)Im cheerful boy.Besides my courses，I have many hobbies，like playing football，basketball and swimming. _ 答案： cheerful前加a 3(2014太原第二学段测评短文改错)Here they can borrow a set very easily，and it costs them only little money.Then it can be taken home and used for long. _ 答案： little前加a,4(2014唐山一模短文改错)There I saw a guitar player playing guitar，which I really enjoyed. _ 答案： guitar前加the 5(2013辽宁卷短文改错)Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr Johnson.I was eager to see him，but outside his room I stopped. _ 答案： paid后加a,6(2013四川卷短文改错)But after the test，both of us were called to the teachers office.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test. _ 答案： same前加the 7(2014东北三校二模短文改错)Time flies！This is a third year that I have been in this school. _ 答案： athe,8(2014石家庄一模)When English is an only language in class，students will have more opportunities to practise listening and speaking. _ 答案： anthe 9(2014沈阳质量监测一短文改错)They asked me to take a tour around the city next morning. _ 答案： next前加the,10(2014石家庄质量检测二短文改错)Ive learned from the newspaper that your company is looking f