2019高中英语Unit7TheSeaSectionⅠWarm_up.docx

Unit 7 The Sea Killer whales have the secondheaviest brains among marine mammals (after Sperm whales, which have the largest brain of any animal). They can be trained in captivity (囚禁；关押) and are often described as intelligent, although defining and measuring “intelligence” is difficult in a species whose environment and behavioral strategies are very different from those of humans.Killer whales imitate others, and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin. Off the Crozet Islands, mothers push their calves onto the beach, waiting to pull the youngster back if needed. People who have interacted closely with killer whales offer numerous anecdotes demonstrating (证明) the whales curiosity, playfulness, and ability to solve problems. Alaskan killer whales have not only learned how to steal fish from Iong lines, but also have overcome a variety of techniques designed to stop them, such as the use of unrated (未分级的；未征税的) lines as decoys. Once, fishermen placed their boats several miles apart, taking turns retrieving (恢复；取回) small amounts of their catch, in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved. A researcher described what happened next: The killer whales use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described as a form of animal culture.Section_Warmup_&_Lesson_1_PrereadingVIKING VOYAGES TO AMERICAThe Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors came from Scandinavia. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west, there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.voyage /vIId/ n航海；航空Viking /vaIkI/ n维京人，北欧海盗名词中心词被序数词或the last 等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。achieve vt.实现，到达achievement n成就，功绩long before 很久以前before long 不久以后set sail启航ancestor /nsst/ n祖先，祖宗whose引导的定语从句，修饰a group of people。AD n公元BC n公元前where引导的定语从句，修饰Northern Europe。过去分词作后置定语。further /f / adv.更远，较远further 是far 的比较级。现在分词短语作后置定语。北欧海盗航行到美洲第12段译文北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。大约到公元 900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克雷德的人决定向西远航。此时，冰岛生活着多达10 000名北欧海盗。According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，for which he got into trouble. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuadedsome people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland. Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland， a man celled Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Erics party. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.according to根据，依照for which引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词a murder。get into trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境persuade /psweId/ vt.说服，劝服persuade sb. to do sth. persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服、劝服某人做某事make it to到达make it 获得成功，准时到达of which引导非限制性定语从句。Not long after 此处引导时间状语从句，意为“后不久”。in search of寻找，寻求blow off吹离，吹掉blow away 吹走，驱散course n航线，路线，方向“find oneself介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。unknown /nnn/ adj.不知道的，未知的eventually /Iventli/ adv.最终，终于from where引导定语从句，修饰an unknown land。 第34段译文根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。埃里克雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。 In the year 1002, when Eric the Reds son Leif was planning a trip further west, Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarnis directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of presentday Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as Newfoundland.We know about Eric the Red and Leifs deeds through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of Europeans sailing to the Americas.,follow ones directions 依照某人的指点be believed to be 被认为是presentday /prezntdeI/ adj.当今的，现代的be known as 作为而出名be famous as 作为而出名deed /did/ n行为，行动do a good deed 做一件好事Europeans sailing . 是动名词的复合结构。Europeans是sailing的逻辑主语。 第56段译文1002年，埃里克雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克雷德和利夫的事迹。他们是记载中最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1spiritA不知道的，未知的2voyage B令人惊恐的，骇人的3ancestor C水手，海员4eventually D说服，劝服5deed E道歉6journey F精神7lecture G探险家8brake H祖先，祖宗9explorer I制动器，刹车10unknown J最终，终于11frightening K航海；航空12sailor L行为，行动13persuade M讲授，演讲14apologise N旅行，旅程15_610_1114_答案：15FKHJL610NMIGA1114BCDELeadinMatch the following navigators with their main sailing experiences.Asailed directly from Europe to IndiaBled seven expeditions to what the Chinese called “the Western Ocean” (Indian Ocean)Cled to general European awareness of the American continentsDsailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 148814_答案：14CBADWhilereadingTrue (T) or False (F)1Columbus reached America earlier than the Vikings._F_2The ancestors of the Vikings were from Scandinavia._T_3Eric the Red decided to set sail further west in 900 AD._F_4Eric the Red left Iceland because he had committed a murder._T_5All of Erics twentyfive ships reached Greenland successfully._F_6Leif chose different directions from Biarnis and sailed to Canada._F_Read the text and choose the best answers.1Its said that Eric the Red got into trouble_.Awhen he left GreenlandBwhen he reached GreenlandCwhen he committed a murderDwhen he returned to Iceland2After Eric the Red discovered Greenland，_.Apeople started to live on that islandBhe thought people couldnt live on itCsome people went back with him to GreenlandDhe set sail further west3Who does “he” in line 23 refer to?AEric the Red.BBiarni.CBiarnis father. DErics father.4Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?ABiarni sailed to Newfoundland with Leif.BNewfoundland lies north to Canada.CNo people lived in Newfoundland when Leif discovered it.DBiarnis directions were of great use to Leif.5What does the passage mainly talk about?AHow the Vikings discovered America.BThe life of Vikings in Scandinavia.CEric the Reds life story.DOld stories about the Vikings.答案：15CCBDAStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.句式分析尝试翻译根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。2Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.句式分析尝试翻译_比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。.阅读理解AAbout 97% of the worlds water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we cant drink seawater, how can it be important? Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important seawater is! Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced. The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didnt matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true, and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop. Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats. Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans, and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important seawater is! 1Which of the following is the proper order of the food chain? Asmall animalsalgaemicroscopic animalslarge animalsman Balgaemicroscopic animalslarge animalslarger animalsmanCsmall animalsalgaelarge animalsmicroscopic animalsmanDmicroscopic animalsalgaelarge animals larger animalsman解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知答案。2From the passage, we learn that_. Amost fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seasBit is very difficult to break the balance of a food chainCexcessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stockDit wont be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“. fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop”可知大量捕捉鱼类肯定会造成鱼类储量的下降；根据第二段首句可知选项A不正确；根据第三段中的“These food chains are delicately balanced.”可知选项B不正确；根据最后一段中的“This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future.”可知选项D不正确。3Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect oceans? AThe use of international agreements. BForbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.CThe use of new techniques. DRaising peoples awareness of the need to protect oceans.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段可知很多国家通过限制捕鱼数量来保护鱼类，但不是禁止捕鱼；其他几种措施在最后一段中都可找到。4What would be the best title of the passage?AThe importance of seawaterBLife in the oceansCHow to protect food chainsDHow to deal with seawater pollution解析：选A标题归纳题。根据文章的第一段，以及第二段和最后一段的末句可知文章的中心是在说明海水的重要性。BEarly in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan sailed from Seville in September 1519 with five ships and about 266 men. Thirteen months later, after spending a severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellans Strait. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, during which two ships were lost, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, his men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellans expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.语篇解读：本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从欧洲向西航行到亚洲进而完成环球航行的探险之旅。5The purpose of Magellans expedition was_.Ato sail round the worldBto find a sea route to IndiaCto make a voyage to AsiaDto carry men to Philippines解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，我们可以知道，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋，然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。6The time Magellans Strait was discovered was_.Ain August 1519 Bin October 1520Cin November 1520 Dnot mentioned解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段前两句内容可知，麦哲伦是在1520年10月发现Magellans Strait“麦哲伦海峡”的。7Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition?ALack of navigation equipment.BSevere winter in Patagonia.CThe death of Magellan.DDangers from rocks and storms.解析：选A细节理解题。通读全文我们可以发现，全文没有提及navigation equipment“航海设备”方面的问题。故选A。8What is the best title for the passage?AMagellans ExpeditionBThe Discovery of the PhilippinesCThe Most Dangerous Expedition in NavigationDThe First Expedition to Asia解析：选D主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从海上去亚洲的探险之旅。故D为最佳选项。CFor years, the giant squid (大王乌贼) had remained a modern mystery. Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly. It had also managed to avoid all attempts to film it. That changed last July: for the first time ever, scientists were able to catch the giant squid on video in its natural habitat. They were amazed by what they saw. The scientists filmed the squid in the North Pacific Ocean, south of Tokyo, Japan. They followed it down to a depth of 2,952 feet. They shot more than 23 minutes of video before the squid swam off into even darker depths. The video footage will be released to the public later this month on The Discovery Channel.Tsunemi Kubodera, a zoologist at Japans National Museum of Nature and Science, led the team that filmed the squid. The team went into the ocean in a small submarine with lights invisible to both humans and squid. Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait (诱饵). Then the scientists waited in the pitch black for the giant squid to approach.The color video shows the creature floating vertically, eating the bait squid. The giant squid is 9 to 10 feet long and is missing its two longest tentacles (触须). With those tentacles, it could have measured up to 26 feet long. It has huge black eyes, the size of dinner plates, “It was shining and so beautiful，” Kubodera said.Because the deep ocean is so unfriendly to humans, little is known about the giant squid. Scientists say catching the mysterious creature on video is an important step toward understanding it. For centuries, sailors had reported seeing a huge, oceandwelling beast, thought to be the giant squid. The creature is also believed to be the subject of the Nordic myth of the kraken, a sea creature that supposedly attacked ships in Scandinavian waters over the past thousands of years.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。大王乌贼生活在深海，人们很难有机会看到它，长期以来人们对它知之甚少。最近科学家在深海拍摄到了这种神秘的生物，有望揭开其神秘的面纱。9Why is it difficult to film the giant squid?ABecause it is illegal to film the giant squid.BBecause it is too expensive to make such a film.CBecause the giant squid lives in the dark deep ocean.DBecause the giant squid is dangerous to humans.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly.”可知，因为大王乌贼生活在大洋深处，所以人们很难拍摄到它。10We can learn from the first paragraph that scientists _.Afirst saw the giant squid in the oceanBdiscovered a new sea creature in the oceanChave the ocean bottom secretly recorded on videoDhave first caught the legendary giant squid on video解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，科学家在北太平洋下到深度为2 952英尺的地方第一次拍摄了一段23分钟长的有关大王乌贼的视频。因此D项正确。11According to the passage, the giant squids longest tentacles can be _.A16 to 17 feet longB9 to 10 feet longCmore than 26 feet long Dabout 36 feet long解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，这只大王乌贼有9到10英尺长，算上它的触须可达到26英尺长，由此可得出这只大王乌贼最长的触须有16到17英尺长。12The scientists released a small squid in the ocean to _.Aincrease the number of the giant squidBtrick the giant squid into coming outCmake an educational film about itDshow concern fo