高二英语课件：非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词,在英语中,不能做句子谓语,而是 担任其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓 语动词.,一.种类,不定式 .,动名词.,分词,二.非谓语动词在句子中的作用,1.动词不定式和动名词做主语,表泛指意义的行为时,多用动名词 (也可用不定式)做主语,但表示具体 的行为(特别是将来的行为),必须用 不定式做主语.,e.g.: Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,To see him is not easy this time.,.日常英语中,特别是当主语较长而 谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将 不定式放在谓语部分后边,e.g.: It is human to want something better.精益求精是人的特性.,在Its no use(或good,need)或 Its useless(或worthwhile)等结构 中,常用动名词做真正主语.,It is no use sending him over.,.简短的揭示语中常用动名词,No smoking.,2.动词不定式,动名词,分词都可做表语,动词不定式和动名词做表语的区别 与做主语时一样,现在分词做表语,具有主动的含义, 意味着“起这种作用”,而过去分词做 表语具有被动的含义,意味着“受这种 影响“,e.g.: The work was tiring. The workers were soon tired.,做表语的现在分词表特性,过去分词表 状态(构成被动语态表动作),The situation is encouraging . 形势令人鼓舞. The book is well written. 这本书写得很好.,做表语的不定式有时可以省略符号“to” 这时在主语部分必须含有动词do,而做表 语的不定式是解释do的精确意思;且这个 to也可以不省略.,All I did was(to) give him a little push.我只是稍稍推了他一下. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.,3.动词不定式和动名词做宾语,有些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语. 如:hope,want,wish,deside等,有些动词只能用动名词做宾语. 如:finish,avoid,enjoy,mind等,有些动词既能用动词不定式又能 用动名词做宾语.如:try,begin,like 等,但意义有所不同.,介词的宾语一般多用动名词而动词不 定式只是在个别介词后面以“连接词+不 定式”的形式出现,He is fond of swimming. He has his own idea of how to do it.,4.动词不定式和分词都可做补足语,Mr. Smith wants his son to became a lawyer. I saw a girl running to me.,5.动词不定式,动名词和分词都可做定语,现在分词常表示“动作正在进行”, 此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常 表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前” 等,I know the man standing there. Is there anything planned for tonight?,动词不定式做定语时,被修饰的名 词多为它的逻辑宾语;如果动词不定 式是不及物动词时,要带有必要的介 词,构成及物动词短语.,There is a warm room to live in.,6.动词不定式和分词都可做状语,动词不定式在某些形容词后(如 good,sorry,pleased等)作原因状语 (也有人认为是宾语) I am glad to meet you.,分词做时间,原因或条件状语时,通 常位于句子的前部;做方式,伴随或结 果状语时,通常位于句子的后部. Walking i