上外版大学英语第一册UNIT2-单词讲解(修订版).ppt

Unit 2 Sailing round the world,by Yu Shuli,The title “Sailing Round the World” means “travelling round the earth by ship,” i.e. 环球航行,Pre-reading,Comprehension of the text (answer the questions on page 31),Warm-up activity,step1: divide the class into groups step2:each group has 5-minute discussion about how Chichester made his round-the-world voyage and trace his route by drawing arrows on maps. step3:suammary of his course,Chichesters Course,set off from _,sailing across _,and turing around _into the Indian Ocean. arrived in_,with the first half of his voyage completed. after a rest, he set sail again from_on the second passage of his voyage via_.He arrived back in_. It took him _ to complete the_voyage single-handedly.,Background Knowledge,弗朗西斯.奇切斯特爵士 奇切斯特于1901年生于英国，年轻时来到新西兰，从事了许多不同的工作。1929年回到英国，独自飞行到达澳大利亚。随后他试图环球飞行，但在日本发生事故 ，飞机损坏，计划破产。 二战后他转向航海，1960年乘坐“吉普赛.莫斯二号”赢得了从普利茅斯到纽约的横渡大西洋比赛，历时40天。1966年8月27日他乘坐“吉普赛.莫斯四号”完成了环球航行，与1967年5月28日成功返回英国，受到英国女王的封爵。1972年，奇切斯特逝世。,Background Knowledge,封爵： 骑士是中世纪流传下来的封号，意即“战斗中最勇敢的人”。由于骑士战功卓著，从而跻身于贵族行列。 现今的爵士是荣誉称号，是用来奖励那些在科技、文化、体育等方面为国家做出重大贡献的人。 封爵仪式一般过程是，被册封的人单膝跪在国王或王后的面前，国王或王后用手中的剑依次接触他的左右肩和头，然后宣布册封他为爵士，从此他在正式场合使用的名字前面要加上“Sir”。,Cape Horn:the southernmost point of South America.All the water between South America and the Antarctica Ocean is squeezed through this narrow,shallow gap. Sometimes,the waves there may be as high as 50 feet.,Language points,single-handed:adj;adv done by one person without help from others. -The job cant be done _. -She accomplished the task by her _ efforts.,word-formation : “a. n. -ed” (new) adj./adv. e.g. good-mannered 有礼貌的； warm-hearted 热心的； absent-minded 心不在焉的。 另外，solo： a. =single-handed “单独的 ”；作此意是，使用不太普遍，多用于表“独奏”。如： a solo play solo还可以作n., 意为“独唱(曲)，独奏(曲)”; 如：a violin solo 小提琴独奏曲,transatlantic: a. crossing the Atlantic Ocean 横渡大西洋的,trans- “横过，贯通，在另一方;” transcontinental (a.横贯大陆的) transnational (a. 跨国的) transoceanic (a. 横渡大洋的),determined: with ones mind firmly made up -He is determined that his child will not lead a poor life. -The government is determined to further the reform.,determine/determination,determined is derived from the word root determine, the suffix ed can be added to some verbs or nouns to form adjectives, with the meaning “有”,“具有特征”; e.g. develop-ed developed (发达的) advance-ed advanced (先进的) consider-ed considered (深思熟虑的), determine to do “决心做某事”；e.g. He determined to study harder at English at the beginning of this term. determine sb. to do “使某人决定做某事;” e.g. A serious illness determined him to give up smoking. (一场重病使他决定戒烟。),retire:give up ones job because of old age -Professors usually retire at 60 in China. -Next year I will retire from the school. retirement:n,voyage:1:n-sea journey -The letter was writeen on Hemingways voyage from the US to Paris. 2:v-go on a sea journey -The seaman has almost voyaged around the world.,device:something made for a special purpose -A wind vane is a device to tell from which direction the wind blows.,cover:1.pass over or travel a certain distance -The travellers covered 400 miles a day by car. -They covered three states in two days. 2. 覆盖，包括，涉及。 如说,“桌子上布满了灰尘。” The table is covered with dust.,previously:before -Previously the two were good friends. -We planned previously to visit the Museum, but we simply do not have the time.,attempt:n:effort to do sth -A true friend will make every attempt to help you. vt:try to do sth -He attempted to win her love by sending her expensive gifts.,attempt: = try 试图，尝试；企图,attempt指想尽办法做某事，其所含的失败的可能性比较大；e.g. He attempted walking until fell over. (他试图走一走，结果摔倒了。) 常用结构：attempt to do sth./attempt doing sth. /attempt sth. 试图(做)某事。 而try(试着，努力)；普通用法，泛指花时间或劳神费力的尝试。,dissuade sb from doing sth:prevent sb from soing sth -They dissuaded him from leaving school. persuade sb to do sth persuade sb into doing sth dislike; disappointed;disappear,dissuade vs. persuade, dissuade: vt. =prevent (sb.) from doing sth. by reasoning 劝阻；其常用结构是:dissuade sb. from doing (劝某人不要做); e.g. The old always dissuade the young from taking risks.(老年人总是劝青年人不要冒险。) 其反义词(antonym) 是：persuade,persuade: v. =cause to do sth. by reasoning, begging or arguing 说服(强调结果)；常用结构： persuade sb. to do sth. / persuade sb. into doing sth. e.g. The mother persuaded her son to put on more clothes. (母亲说服儿子多穿些衣服。) Nothing would persuade him into accepting our opinion.,fortunately:luckily -_I catch the train.,fortunate：adj. =lucky幸运的, be fortunate in 在方面幸运；e.g. Were fortunate in having a good teacher. be fortunate to (be) 很幸运做 e.g. We were fortunate enough to catch the last bus yesterday evening.,contact:v:/get in touch with -Do you contact your old classmates often? n:/state of touching or communication -Many people are afraid of contacts with AIDS patients.,nearby:not far off -My son studied at a nearby school.(adj) -There is a school nearby.(adv),waken:vi/stop sleeping -He wakened at the first ray of daylight. vt: -The alarm bell wakened him out of a sound sleep.,drag:pull along with difficulty -You have to drag the bookworm into exercising outdoors.,其惯用法： drag on: 时间拖得很长； e.g. The meeting dragged on for more than three hours. (会议拖拖拉拉地开了三个多小时。) drag ones feet: 拖延时间(不愿做); e.g. The boy promised to hand in his homework today, but was dragging his feet now.,accomplish:finish successfully -Women can accomplish anything men can do.,conquer:defeat;overcome -More and more people have come to realize that we must not “conquer“ nature, but we should make good use of it, instead.,undoubtedly:certainly -Undoubtedly this play is a great succss.,moreover: in addition;futhermore -I dont like going out in the evening;moreover the film is not worth seeing.,mustnt:an obligation not to do something neednt(dont have to):there is no obligation -You mustnt move any of the books on my desk. -You neednt/dont have to come if you dont want to. 语法与练习的P130,so.that:to such a degree that -She ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with her.,very:used for emphasis/same;identical -Every says he is the very man for the job. -At that very moment that bomb went off.,carry out:complete or fulfill ones promise,plan -She carried out well the tasks assigned her. -It is said that these attacks were carried out by terrorists.,set off:begin a journey;start -We set off at dawn. -to set off for holidays -to set off on a trip to Huangshan,give up: stop having or doing;abandon hope for sth. -Youd better give up smoking/cigarettes. -We should not giveup halfway. -We _ the search when it got dark.,all by oneself:completely alone;without any help -We finished this task all by ourselves.,in spite of:regardless of -The children went to school in spite of the storm. -She did it in spite of our efforts to stop her.,by far: by a large degree -This is by far the better of the two. -He is by far the best boy in the class.,The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.,句中during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn是一非限制性定语从句，此处用来说明后半段航程的艰辛的。 本句翻译为： 本次航程的后半段比前半段艰险的多，在此期间，他绕过了凶险莫测的合恩角。 by far = by a large degree or amount, 它可修饰adj.或adv.的比较级，表示程度或数量上“优”“强”“多”等；当它修饰最高级时，表示“最最”. e.g. This room is by far larger than that one. (这个房间远比那间房大得多。) She is by far the best teacher I ever had. (她是我所遇见过的最好的老师。),give up vs. give in, give up= stop doing 放弃, 停止；是一transitive verb phrase, e.g. Mary was so busy that she had to give up her piano lessons. give in = to yield 屈服,投降; is an intransitive verb phrase, 若其后有宾语，则需加介词to. e.g. The soldiers fought bravely and no one gave in. (战士们勇敢地战斗，没有一人投降。) Dont give in to his opinion. (不要屈从于他的观点。),His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. (Line7-8),The translation of this sentence is: 由于他得了癌症，他的朋友们和医生都认为他不能环球航行。 注意句中否定的翻译，不能译为“不认为他能”();根据英语中的否定转移现象，翻译这类句子时应该否定宾语从句的谓语部分。除了think外，还有believe, expect等词引导的宾语从句的否定通常在自己身上，而翻译成汉语时应该将否定转移回从句上。e.g. I dont believe it is true. (我认为它不是真的。) as & because: Similarities: as, because都可作conj., 引导原因状语从句, 可置于句首，用逗号与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后。e.g. They decided to climb the hill as it was fine. (由于天气晴朗，他们决定去爬山。) I passed the exam because I studied hard. (因为我努力学习，所以我考试通过了。) Differences: because引导因果状语从句时语气比as强，表示直接因果关系；另外，用why开头的疑问句要用because回答。,After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends attempts to dissuade him.,本句中，after resting in Sydney for a few weeks = after he had rested in Sydney for a few weeks；其实本句中的after从句的主语he与主句主语Chichester是一致的，所以after引导的时间状语从句可改成“after分词作状语”，也即省略了从句中的主语。另外，before引导的时间状语从句也是如此。相关练习请见课本Page25中的Ex10. set off=begin a journey; start 动身，出发；开始(旅行,度假等). e.g. After we had finished eating he proposed to set off immediately. (我们吃完之后，他建议立刻出发。) They have set off on a trip around the world. (他们已经开始环球旅行了。) once more = once again 再一次 In spite of = disregarding 尽管，不顾。 本句翻译为：奇切斯特在悉尼休息了几周后，不顾朋友的多方劝阻，再次开始了他的航海旅程。,After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London: “I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.”, succeed in doing sth.=do sth. successfully 成功地做某事；e.g. Finally, he succeeded in passing the examination. “Wild horses could not drag” 是一种隐喻(metaphor)，意思是“无论什么力量都不能 使你做某事”。 E.g. Wild horses could not drag his attention away from the experiment. (他专心于他的实验，无论什么事情都不会让他分心。) 句子翻译为： 成功绕过合恩角后，奇切斯特给伦敦发去如下电报：“我仿佛刚从恶梦中惊醒，今生今世我再也不想到合恩角和那凶险莫测的南大洋去了。”,turn over:reverse in position by bringing the bottom to the top or cice verse -The lamp was turned over,and that was what started the fire. -The car turned over when the driver was making a sharp turn.,Ex.14. Translate the following sentences into English.,1. 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。 Fortunately, there was a hospital nearby. we sent him there immediately. 2. 胜利登上乔治岛(George Island)后，船长向指挥部(the headquarters)发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a message to the headquarters by radio. 3.他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。 He was determined to continue his experiment but this time he will do it another way. He had made up his mind to go on with his experiment, but this time he was going to do it another way. 4. 她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 While reading the novel, she couldnt help recalling the five years that she had spent in the countryside.,Ex.14. Translate the following sentences into English.,1. 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。 Fortunately, there was a hospital