2014高三英语名师解读主谓一致和数词.ppt

专题14 正反解读主谓一致 和数词,正 面 解 读,返回目录,反 面 解 读, 高考链接 12012陕西卷 The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. Awere Bwas Cis Dare 解析 B 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是 the basketball coach，是单数，根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选B。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,22011安徽卷 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which_ saved for other purposes. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 解析 D 考查主谓一致。句意：工厂用了65%的原材 料，剩下的原材料被节省下来作其他用途。定语从句 的主语为the rest of which，即the rest of the raw materials，因此可知从句的谓语应为复数，同时注意 主从句时态的一致，故选D。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,32011湖南卷 Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_ black people. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 解析 A 考查主谓一致。“分数/the majority of the 名词”作主语，句子的谓语动词的数与of后的名 词保持一致。故根据the country可判断第一空填is；根 据the citizens可判断第二空填are。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读, 考点归纳 考点一 主谓一致 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,1意义一致原则 只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。 规则1：不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名，书名，如：the United States, the United Nations等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news, maths, physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则2：表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。“one, either, neither, each of 复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。如： When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet. Either of the stories is very funny. 规则3：something, everything, anything, nothing， somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通 常用单数。 规则4：表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作 主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。如： Ten pounds was missing from the box.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则5：a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等修饰 名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。 如： Two series of new stamps have been ordered.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则6：a number of复数名词，意为“许多”，是 复数意义；the number of复数名词，意为“的数 目”，是单数意义。the population of意为“的人 口数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数；但如果是分数/百 分数/half of/the rest ofthe population 作主语时，谓 语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，是复数意义。the average of意为“的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语 用单数。如： The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则7：“theadj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如 果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。 规则8：分数、百分数及all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代 的含义确定。如：The rest of the workers are still very tired. 规则9：主语为集体名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语 动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。 这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, people, police, public, staff, team 等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则10：当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、 同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语 动词用单数形式。另外，当and 连接两个形容词修饰 一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物， 主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用 复数。如： War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则11：what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的 单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数形式。如： What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study. 规则12：such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根 据其意义而定。如： Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 规则13：“quantities of名词”作主语时，不论名词是 复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。如： Every day quantities of water are wasted.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,2形式一致原则 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。 规则1：every/each/no 修饰单数名词，以及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：Every boy and every girl is having sports now. 规则2：“more than one/many a单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： More than one student has failed the exam.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,3就近一致原则 规则1：当连词or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut (also)等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式常与最靠近的词语保持一致。如： Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 规则2：在倒装句中，谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致。如：In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则3：当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又 不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,4承前一致原则 规则：主语后接介词with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, in, of 等连接的词语时，谓语 动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。 如： Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读, 考点二 数词 数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面的问题： 规则1：表示事物数量的多少，特别是hundred，thousand，million, billion等，前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，它们只能用单数形式。 规则2：序数词一般由基数词th构成。以y结尾的基数 词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加eth。 如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通 常要加定冠词the，但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再 一；又一”时，前面要用不定冠词a/an。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,规则3：年代的表达是“the年代s”或“the年代s”。 规则4：分数的表达是分子用基数词，分母用序数词， 当分子大于“1”时，分母要用复数形式。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,正 面 解 读,1单句改错 (1)One or perhaps more pages is missing. 解析 is改为are。由or连接两个名词或代词作主 语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近一致”原则。 (2)Large quantities of food was carried to the city. 解析 was改为were。“large quantities of复数 名词/不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形 式，即与quantities一致。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,(3)All he said are wrong. 解析 are改为is。all 做主语时，若all为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式，若all为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 (4)The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon. 解析 are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词时，谓语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,2【误】 Several millions people in the world are sending information by email every day. 【正】 Several million people in the world are sending information by email every day. 解析 在million，hundred等数词前如果有具体数 字或 several等词修饰时，要用单数形式。但在表 示不确切数目时用复数，如：表示“数百万”，应为 millions of。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,3【误】 The company had about 20 computers but only onethird was used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 【正】 The company had about 20 computers but only onethird were used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 解析 本题中的onethird指代的是computers的三 分之一，因此此处谓语动词要用复数形式。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读, 实战演练 1The family as well as their dog _ on the roof by the flood. Awas trapped Btrapped Cwere trapped Dtrapping 解析 C 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的成分不能作主语，主语是The family，在这里指的是一家人，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意：那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,2Britain _ many other industrialized countries, _ major changes over the last 100 years. Atogether with; have experienced Bas well as; have experienced Cin common with; has experienced Dinstead of; has experienced,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,解析 C 考查主谓一致。in common with意为 “和一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一致。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。 A、B项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of“而不是”，不合句意。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,3Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes_ sent to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred. A has been B have been C is being D are being 解析 A 考查主谓一致。这里的主语是Some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为“since过去时”，所以用完成时。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,4Is it he or you _ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually? Awho is Bthat is Cwho are Dwhom are 解析 C 考查强调句型及主谓一致。此处为强调句 型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构“It is/was被强调部分 that/who其他”，首先排除 D；谓语的单复数根据所强调的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,5An average of about 100 emails a week _ received. Such _the case with Martin at present. Aare; are Bis; is Cis; are Dare; is 解析 D 考查主谓一致。“an average of可数名词复数”，其后的谓语动词应该用复数；“the average of可数名词复数”，其后的谓语动词则应该用单数。such是指代前面的这样一件事，所以视为单数，故其后谓语动词应该用单数。由此可知选D。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,6Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, _ once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 解析 A 考查主谓一致。主语由as well as连接，故谓语应和Atlanta一致；由语境可知要用一般现在时。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,7More than one student in our class _ to Shanghai Expo. Ahas been Bhave been Cis Dare 解析 A 考查主谓一致。More than one修饰的名词谓语要求用单数形式。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,8More than _ of the classmates in my class _ fond of pop music. Atwo third; is Btwo thirds; is Csecond third; are Dtwo thirds; are 解析 D two thirds这里指代的是classmates，故谓语用复数。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,9The teacher together with the students _ discussing Writing Skills that _ newly published in America. Aare; were Bare; was Cis; was Dis; were 解析 C 考查主谓一致。主语由together with引导，谓语要和前面的主语一致；that指代Writing Skills，故谓语要用单数。由此可知答案。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,10One third of the deer _ by the wolves last night. Awas eaten Bis eaten Cwere eaten Dare eaten 解析 C 考查主谓一致。deer的单复数形式相同，这里指三分之一的鹿，故用复数。,返回目录,专题14 正反解读主谓一致和数词,反 面 解 读,11. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. Ahas Bdo Cis Dare 解析 D 考查主谓一致。此处soil and water是