高三英语语法总复习——英语的时态.ppt

英语的时态 （1）,1.表示经常性;习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never, on Mondays 等时间状语连用。 2.表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。,He never gives up, whenever he fails.,Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.,一、一般现在时的用法,3.表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状 态。 4.表示与安排、计划或时刻表有关的动 作。常用于起始、往返、出发、到达 之意的动词。,Its Sunday today. You look very tired.,The evening class begins at 19:00. My father returns home next Sunday.,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 3）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,二、一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year. 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that.,3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词 could, would，例如： Could you lend me your bike? 4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.,三、一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be put on next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事 “预见性将来” Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,be to和be going to 的用法之比较： be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排),be going to与will,答语B与C有什么区别？ A：The salt has been used up B：Im going to get some today C：Ill get some today,乍然看来，B和C的答话的意思是一样的，都是：“今天我要去买些”，其实不然。B用 am going to get回答，其言外之意是：“在A讲完这句话之前，他早已心中有数，并且早就有去买的打算”。C用will get来回答，表示：“事前并不知道盐已用完，原先也没有打算去买，直等到A讲了之后，他才决定去买”。,答语B与C有什么区别？ A：Where is my dictionary？ B：Im going to get it for you C：Ill get it for you,表示说话时马上要做的动作(多半是听了对方的话语后所做出的反应)，用will： A：My chest hurts when I breathe. B：Can you lie down please, and Ill examine you?,在表示按计划或安排要发生的动作时，可以用be going to； will表示单纯的将来,只是客观的叙述,并无规定或计划之意。,The railway is going to be open in October. Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? It will become warm when spring comes.,两者皆可用于预料要发生的动作， 表示说话人的揣测，用will； 表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况，多用be going to。 Loot at the clouds. It is going to rain. She will be all right after taking the medicine. That will be Dr Wangs clinic. Lets go and have a look.,be going to 可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能： If he is going to take the exam, hed better get prepared. If we are going to start early, 5 oclock is OK.,Can I speak to Jim, please? Just a minute. I _ get him. The agreement _ come into force next year. Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor. I think it _ snow. Next year, he _ be thirty years old.,will,will/ is going to,will,will,will,How _ you _ spend your holiday? Ive decided to repaint this room. Oh, have you? What colour _ you _ paint it? The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden. Thats a good idea. I _ join you.,will,are,going to,are,going to,四. 现在进行时,1.表示此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作：,Would you please keep silent? The weather report _ and I want to listen. (2009湖南卷） is broadcast is being broadcast has been broadcast had been broadcast,2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在发生：,Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much. A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage （2008重庆卷）,3.与 always, all the time等连用可表示反复性、一贯性的动作，且常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。,He _ of how he can do more for the people. A. will always thinks B. is always thinking C. has always been thought D. does think always,4. come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive 等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。,I want to know when he _ for New York. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. would leave,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.,五、过去进行时 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, at that moment, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.,典型例题 1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时“提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell 答案B.句中的as = while，意为“当之时“。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。“句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。,1. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked 2. Do you like the cloth? Yes, it _very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,C,3.Months ago, we sailed 10,000 miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 4. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning,B,D,5. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go,C,6. Because the shop _, all the T- shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 7. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,C,D,8. When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish B. are finishing D. finish 9. He always _ careful notes while he is listening to the teacher in class. A. will take B. took C. takes D. is taking,1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart. A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make 2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer. A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims 4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now. A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up,5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus. A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching 7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him. A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking 8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _. A. is B. does C. will be D. has been 9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _. A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played,10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her. A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go and C. dont know; Im going to D. didnt know; Im going t