2019高考英语二轮复习第二板块完形填空第三讲全篇思读着眼几点智取拉分题目讲义.docx

第三讲全篇思读，着眼几点，智取拉分题目高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有23道这样的较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目错选的原因主要有以下几点：解题信息比较隐含；干扰项迷惑性较强；情感态度较难把握；惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的5大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而判。易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。典例1(2018全国卷)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42.save a few dollars? .Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48.job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49.clear that our credits would be hardearned. In order to 50.pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.eventually,_to our lives. I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom.53. AgameBpresentationCcourse Dexperiment分析选C本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。第一段“was offering a free course”中的course是第53空的原词复现，故选C项。典例2(2017全国卷).The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more.After that, feeling the need to _52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.52A.exercise BexploreCexpress Dexplain分析选B本题是语篇层次题，需要综合空格上一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演我被表演所吸引我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案为B项。易错点2因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。典例1(2018天津高考) I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 25.pride. Most important, I began to treat them like26.winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their 27.vacations,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the football.From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 33.affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34.encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves _35_， and they built themselves into winners.35A.honestly BindividuallyCcalmly Ddifferently分析选D四个备选项在形式上非常相似，它们都是副词，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。联系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的方式(differently)看待自己”。honestly“老实地，诚实地”；individually“个人地”；calmly“平静地”。典例2(2017江苏高考)For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students, _36_ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases .36A.travelling BmarchingCpacing Dstruggling分析选D四个备选项在含义上比较相近，考生很容易因分不清它们的含义而失分。由空前的“look pityingly at the music students”以及空后的“heavy instrument cases”可知，Gabriel同情地看着那些背着重重的乐器箱子、艰难地穿过校园的音乐生，故struggle“艰难地行进”，符合语境。travel“长途行走，旅行”；march“齐步走，行进”；pace“来回踱步，走来走去”。易错点3 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。典例1(2018全国卷)Much to the familys surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital _53_ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindseys husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit. “I dont think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”53A.bearing BcollectingCopening Dmaking分析选A本文描述一个叫特蕾莎的老妇人沉浸在为人祖母的喜悦当中，她把小宝贝的照片发给了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯却回复短信说他会去医院看望小孩，并与小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家没有想到丹尼斯真的来到医院，还带来了礼物，她们非常感动。bear是一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“承受，忍受”，除此之外还有“承担(责任)；支撑，承受(重量)；显示；带有；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果实)”等。根据语境，在此意为“携带”。典例2 (2018浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)Since his regular job was48.boring,_I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job, he would_49_ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.49A.luckily BhardlyChopefully Dsimply分析选D根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是：简单地，简朴地。易错点4 因词汇理解障碍而错选在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记熟。典例1 (2017全国卷).The following term, I _56_ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was _57_. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.58.Instead,_if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.56A.missed BpassedCgave up Dregistered for57A.prohibited BwelcomedCignored Drepeated分析56.选D57.选A后文的语境中介绍了ASL课堂上教授的情况(教授是个失聪的人)以及在课堂上作者的感悟，由此可判断作者在下学期报名参加了这门课程。故第56题应选择D项，register for表示“登记，报名参加(课程)”。文中两次出现的“silence”以及“if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less”都表明，在手语课上任何谈话都是被禁止的，故第57题选择A项，prohibit表示“禁止”。此部分选项中的register for和prohibit都是考生相对陌生的考纲词汇，所以一些考生会因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。典例2 (2017全国卷)A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman. But _41_apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42.passport.41A.benefits BdepositsCrestrictions Dexaminations分析选C该选段是文章第一段。空后介绍这位能够获得免费环游世界机票的女士的名字必须是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必须持有加拿大护照。这些都是限制条件。故选择C项，restriction表示“限制规定”。restriction也在考纲之内，许多考生却因不熟悉这个词汇而造成误选。benefit“优势，好处”；deposit“订金，押金”；examination“检查，考试”。易错点5 因惯性思维而错选在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。典例1(2017北京高考)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man _36_ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.36A.jumping BeatingCcrying Dwaving分析选B受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump out of 是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。典例2(2016北京高考)_41_ January 26, Billy and three other children had died.41A.From BOnCBy DAfter分析选C受思维习惯的影响，考生可能会根据“在具体的某一天前用介词on”而误选B项。因为句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，因此应用by。“by时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间时，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间时，用将来完成时。句意：截至1月26日，Billy和其他三个孩子都去世了。课堂应用体验(铺阴影的题目为易错题) Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.Every student is madly trying to get good _1_ and complete college applications.There was an essay he had to write and the _2_was drawing near.Were good parents.We do our best at keeping our_3_ shut whenever possible.Tim knew what he should do, but he had a tendency to _4_ anything.Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night, no matter how much free time there might have been.I knew I shouldnt _5_ him, but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, “By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay youre _6_ to do？” Tim, in his _7_ way, looked at me and said, “Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster” a line that has been _8_ in family memory forever.Tim hit on something that seems _9_ truer today than when he first said it.Our anxiety doesnt make us faster or more efficient. _10_， it simply makes us more anxious.It seems so _11_， and yet, something I easily forget.When I closed my eyes on the subway train, my anxiety was the first thing to _12_.It was surprisingly loud: “You need to do this! Have you worried about that? What about that？” I _13_ to open my eyes quickly, take out my phone and send an email _14_ put down something in my calendar.I forgot I should deal with my anxiety rather than be _15_ by it.We should keep our anxiety under _16_.How can we have the courage to face _17_ if we worry about this and that? When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed and say to ourselves that _18_ will be much better and we can make it through.As long as we _19_ dealing with anxiety every day, it will become less and less till it disappears _20_.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子在读高三，处在努力拼搏的阶段。面对孩子的拖沓，作者感到焦虑。但她儿子的话让她明白焦虑解决不了问题，我们必须学会努力克服焦虑。1.A.gradesBcommentsCsalaries Djobs解析：选A根据上文“Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.”及下文“complete college applications”可知，作者的儿子Tim在读高三，每一位学生都在努力取得好成绩并完成大学申请。grade此处意为“成绩”，还可表示“年级，等级，级别”等意思。2A.competitionBmeetingCdeadline Dcelebration解析：选C 根据下文内容可知，作者的儿子有一篇文章要写，截止日期马上要到了。deadline意为“最后期限，截止日期”。3A.eyes BheartsCdoors Dmouths解析：选D根据下文“Tim knew what he should do”可知，作者和丈夫知道在可能的情况下要尽力闭嘴，因为Tim知道自己应该做什么。4.A.worry aboutBput offCnote down Dfigure out解析：选B根据下文“Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night .”可知，无论有多少空闲时间，作者的儿子总是直到周日晚上才开始写周末作业。故作者的儿子有拖沓的倾向。put off常意为“推迟，延期，阻碍”，而此处意为“拖沓”。5A.blame BconfuseCurge Dhelp解析：选C根据下文“but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay youre _ to do？”可知，作者不想催促Tim，但她很着急。所以用了一种随便的方式去问他。6A.allowed BsupposedCadvised Dforced解析：选B根据上文第一段“There was an essay he had to write”可知，作者是在问Tim开始写他应该完成的文章了吗。7A.wise BnewCsimple Dstrange解析：选A根据下文“Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster”可知，作者的儿子告诉她，她的焦虑并不能使他做得更快。因此他是用一种睿智的方式回应作者。8.A.repeated BpreservedCcopied Dignored解析：选B作者儿子的话永远保存在了家庭的记忆中。preserve“保存”，符合语境。9A.yet Beven Cever Dnever 解析：选BTim富有哲理的话在今天更有道理。因为随着时间的推移，作者对焦虑有了更深的感悟。10.A.Fortunately BPartlyCActually DOriginally解析：选C四个备选项在形式上非常相似，都是副词，考生容易混淆而失分。根据上文“Our anxiety doesnt make us faster or more efficient.”及下文“it simply makes us more anxious.”可知，我们的焦虑不会使我们做事更快或更有效率。事实上(actually)，这只会使我们更焦虑。fortunately“幸运地”；partly“一定程度上”；originally“原来，起初”。11A.easy BnaturalCterrible Dobvious解析：选D根据下文“and yet, something I easily forget.”可知，这个道理很明显，但仍然被作者轻易地忘了。12A.speak BactCremember Dlose解析：选A根据下文“It was surprisingly loud: You need to do this！”可知，当作者在地铁上闭上眼睛的时候，焦虑会第一个浮现在脑海，开始跟她“讲话”。13.A.managed BrefusedCused Dagreed解析：选C本题属于语篇层次题，需放眼全篇才能解答。根据下文最后一段“When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed”可知，在这种情况下，作者以前会立刻睁开眼睛，拿出电话发邮件或者在日程表上记下一些东西，但现在不会这样做了。14A.or BunlessCafter Dbefore解析：选A参见上题解析。15A.bothered BremindedCattracted Dhurt解析：选A根据上文“I forgot I should deal with my anxiety”可知，作者忘记了她应该去应对焦虑，而不是被焦虑所困扰。16A.observation BprotectionCcontrol Dpressure解析：选C根据下文可知，我们应该控制好我们的焦虑。17A.opportunities BrealitiesCothers Ddifficulties解析：选D如果我们担心这个，担心那个，那么我们如何有勇气能够面对困难呢？18A.something BanythingCnothing Deverything解析：选D根据下文“and we can make it through”可知，我们应该告诉自己一切都会变得更好，我们能够渡过难关。19A.mind BpractiseCenjoy Dfinish解析：选B只要我们每天练习应对焦虑，那么焦虑会变得越来越小。20A.quickly BexactlyCapparently Dcompletely解析：选D根据上文“it will become less and less”可知，焦虑会变得越来越小，直到完全消失。文体分类练(一)记叙文 A卷A(2018广州模拟)Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut.“This is going to be a really _1_ week，” he said unhappily to no one _2_. He looked around the campground. Hundreds of bluegreen fir trees, some as tall as church towers, _3_ the mountainside, giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet. The sun would be setting soon. Then, Grady thought, maybe the _4_ wouldnt feel so bad. Even up here in the _5_， the hot stickiness of July clung to him.Grady hated camping, but it was something his family _6_ every summer. His father liked cooking over an open fire, telling stories about how to _7_ things like bear attacks and swarms of bees. His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take _8_ of animals. Jared had a collection of bug pictures that hed _9_ to the walls in his half of their room. Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a _10_ kid.They set up camp two _11_， one for his parents and one for himself and Jared. While everyone else started _12_ dinner, Grady, looking for some place to cool down, set off for the nearby stream, which was deep enough to _13_ in.As he _14_ the stream, something caught his eye. There was a(n) _15_ black bear cub no more than two feet tall with a lovely face. It was playing _16_ at the waters edge, _17_ its surroundings. Grady moved closer to get a _18_ look. Then Grady heard a sound behind him. He _19_ his father saying that bear cubs would never be _20_. Then he turned around and saw the cubs mother moving swiftly towards him .语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。1A.long BinterestingCpeaceful Drisky解析：选A根据空后的“unhappily”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。2A.in advance Bin briefCin particular Din silence解析：选C他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。”Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。in silence“安静地，无声地”。3A.blocked BcoveredCreflected Dscarred解析：选B数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“carpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给留下伤痕”。4A.dust BcampgroundCheat Dsun解析：选C根据上文中的“The sun would be setting soon.”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。5A.mountain BriverCsky Dtower解析：选A即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。6A.believed in Binsisted onCcame across Dlived through解析：选BGrady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believe in“相信”；insist on“坚持”；come across“偶遇”；live through“经历过”。故选B项。7A.encourage BexploreCrecognize Dsurvive解析：选D他的父亲喜欢在户外的火上做饭，讲关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂的攻击下生存下来的故事。根据空后的“bear attacks and swarms of bees”可知，这些故事是关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂攻击下生存的。survive“幸存，生还”符合语境。encourage“鼓励”；explore“探索”；recognize“认识，认出”。8A.care BcontrolCpictures Dexamples解析：选C根据后一句中的“Jared had a collection of bug pictures”可知，本空指给动物拍照。take pictures of“拍的照片”，为固定搭配。9A.guided BpinnedCtaken Dthrown解析：选B根据空后的“to the walls”可知，这些照片是被钉在墙上的。guide“指导，引导”；pin“(用钉等)钉住”。10A.sensitive BsmartCtough Dstrange解析：选D根据语境可知，Grady认为这些(虫子的照片)非常吓人，并且把它们当作证明Jared是一个奇怪的孩子的证据。sensitive“敏感的”；smart“聪明的”；tough“坚强的”；strange“奇怪的”。11A.beds BroomsCtents Dplates解析：选C根据空前的“camp”可知，此处是搭起两个帐篷。故选C项。12A.altering BhuntingCordering Dpreparing解析：选D根据空后的“dinner”及常识可知，此处表示准备晚餐。alter“改变”；hunt“打猎”；order“点菜”；prepare“准备”。13A.dig BswimChide Dsink解析：选B当其他人都在开始准备晚餐的时候，Grady想要寻找清凉的地方，于是动身去附近的小溪。这条小溪足够深，可以在里面游泳。根据本句中的“looking for some place to cool down”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳凉快一下。14A.crossed BimaginedCleft Dneared解析：选D根据上文中的“set off for the nearby stream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此处表示离小溪越来越近。near“靠近(某地方)”符合语境。15A.adorable BaggressiveCinjured Dlarge解析：选A根据空后的“no more than two feet tall with a lovely face”可知，小黑熊很可爱。adorable“可爱的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受伤的”。故选A项。16A.cautiously BjoyfullyCforcefully Dnervously解析：选B小黑熊在水边快乐地玩耍，忽视了它周围的环境。cautiously“小心地，谨慎地”；joyfully“高兴地”；forcefully“强有力地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选B项。17A.attacking BdestroyingChating Dignoring解析：选D参见上题解析。attack“攻击，进攻”；destroy“破坏”；hate“讨厌”；ignore“忽视，不顾”。18A.better BbrighterCfixed Dlasting解析：选AGrady走近了一点，想看得更清楚一些。get a better look“看得更清楚”。19A.found BlearnedCremembered Dmisunderstood解析：选C这时Grady听到后面传来一阵声音，Grady记起父亲说过熊的幼仔不会单独出行的。find“发现”；learn“学会，了解到”；remember“记得”；misunderstand“误解”。20A.alone BawakeCcute Dscared解析：选A参见上题解析。alone“独自的”；awake“醒着的”；cute“漂亮的，聪明的”；scared“恐惧的，惊恐的”。B(2018成都诊断)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a 500,000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didnt buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. _1_， she put the money in the bank and _2_ writing poems.In 2011, she finally _3_ what to do with it. That year, Heathers godson and his wife _4_ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how peoples _5_ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a _6_ situation，” says Heather.She _7_ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather _8_ a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation, with all _9_ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a _10_ vacation, she couldnt _11_it; disbelief even _12_ her concern about leaving her two kids.Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the _13_ things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the _14_ would return when the _15_ was over, but to her surprise, it hasnt been back since.Heather says Tricias _16_ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she h