2019届高考英语二轮题海特训营（5）阅读理解推理判断一.docx

阅读理解-推理判断一1、 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress_.A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.2、 Daniel Hernandez always wanted to help people. Before hed even graduated from high school, he trained to be a certified nursing assistant and volunteered at a nursing home. He then decided to work in public service. In his junior year at the University of Arizona, he majored in political science and began volunteering in political activities. One of his heroes was Gabrielle Giffords. When picked for an internship(实习期) with her, he gladly gave up a part-time sales job. So eager was he that he started work four days early. On Saturday morning, January 8, he arrived at La Toscana Village market north of Tucson and began setting up tables in front of a Safeway store where 30 or so people were gathering to meet Giffords. At 10: 10 a. m.,Hernandez heard loud sounds. “Gun!” someone shouted. He heard people screaming, saw them falling to the ground. Hernandez was standing 30 feet away from Giffords when she fell down. In seconds, he was at her side. Everywhere around him was chaos, but Hernandez willed himself to remain calm. Giffords was lying on the sidewalk; blood was streaming down her face from a bullet wound on her head. Gently, Hernandez lifted her into a sitting position against his shoulder. Then, with his hand, he applied pressure to the wound on her forehead to prevent the flow of blood. He calmed her and told her all would be well. Minutes later, ambulances arrived on the scene. Still Hernandez stayed with Giffords, holding her hand and talking. “I just made sure she knew she wasnt alone,” he says. “When I told her Id contact her husband Mark, she squeezed my hand hard.” Nineteen people fell victim to a crazy man that day. Giffords, though wounded, survived in no small part because of Hernandezs quick actions. Hernandez did a heroic thing. Though he doesnt think so, the people of Tucson and the nation are grateful that Daniel Hernandez was there at that key moment, four days earlier than he was supposed to be.1.Where did Daniel Hernandez ever volunteer before the accident?A.At the University of Arizona.B.At a store for a product.C.At a nursing home.D.At his high school.2.Why did Hernandez stay with Gabrielle Giffords as soon as possible?A.Gabrielle Giffords was his hero.B.He worked as a security guards.C.He knew Gabrielle Giffords was in danger.D.He knew how to treat her wound.3.According to the last paragraph, to the people of Tucson, Gabrielle Giffords _.A.worked hard at the Safeway storeB.was one of Daniel Hernandezs friendsC.did a really heroic thing that dayD.was lucky to survive the accident3、Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others arent? To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科). Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the readers attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters. On the whole, Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to_.A.illustrate where science can be appliedB.demonstrate the value of Brookss new bookC.remind the reader of the importance of scienceD.explain why many writers use science in their works2.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?A.Its strong basis.B.Its convincing points.C.Its clear writing.D.Its memorable characters.3.What is the authors general attitude towards the book?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A.Problems with the book.B.Brookss life experience.C.Death of the characters.D.Brookss translation skills. 4、 1. The Wright Brothers, by David McCulloughAnother must-read for history fans, McCullough tells the story of Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who taught the world how to fly. Drawing on all types of historical data from personal diaries and scrapbooks, to thousands of private letters of family letters we get a close look at the actual personalities behind one of the most influential moments in history. 2. The Wonder Garden, by Lauren AcamporaThis novel is really a collection of several interwoven(交织)stories of people living in the rich Connecticut suburbs. From tales of an elderly artist to a young mother to a woman whose husband just behaves carelessly, The Wonder Garden gives us an unforgettable reminder that theres often so much we dont know about what happens with our neighbors behind closed doors. 3. Between You & Me: Confessions of a Comma Queen, by Mary NorrisDoes someone mistaking who for whom make your blood boil? Do you want to throw a dictionary at someone for mistaking sit for cite? Enter Between You & Me. Mary Norris brings her experience working in The New Yorkers copy department to eager grammar fans in this laugh-out-loud book that looks at some of the most common spelling, punctuation, and usage problems in the English language. 4. My Struggle: Book Four, by Karl Ove KnausgaardMy Struggle is a six-volume autobiographical novel that follows the life of Karl Ove Knausgaard, a Norwegian father of three. In Book Four, he writes of his decision at the age of 18 to move to a fishermans village in the far north of the Arctic circle to work as a school teacher. Its there that he struggles with love, alcoholism, and becoming loved by one of his students.1.What does the book The Wright brothers focus on?A.Invention of airplanes.B.Nature of the characters.C.History of airplanes.D.Ordinary life of the characters.2.Who describes his or her real life experiences in the novel?A.David McCullough.B.Lauren Acampora.C.Karl Ove Knausgaard.D.Mary Norris.3.Which of the following books might make you burst into laughter?A.My Struggle.B.The Wonder Garden.C.The Wright Brothers.D.Between You & Me.5、 When I was in fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. Shed watch me coming down her street, and by the time Id biked up to her doorstep, thered be a cold drink waiting. Id sit and drink while she talked. Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” shed say. The first time she said that, soda went up my nose. I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe shed work it out of her system. So thats what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery (墓地). I finally quit delivering newspapers and didnt see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser. She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, shed had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on. I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how Im doing. When I dont say “fine,” she sticks around to hear my problems. Shes lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. Community isnt so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how youre doing because they care, and not because theyre getting paid to do so. Sometimes its good to just smile, nod your head and listen.1.Why did soda go up the authors nose one time?A.He was talking fast.B.He was shocked.C.He was in a hurry.D.He was absent-minded.2.Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley?A.He enjoyed the drink.B.He wanted to be helpful.C.He took the chance to rest.D.He tried to please his dad.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system” in Paragraph 2?A.Recover from her sadness.B.Move out of the neighborhood.C.Turn to her old friends.D.Speak out about her past.4.What does the author think people in a community should do?A.Open up to others.B.Depend on each other.C.Pay for others help.D.Care about one another.6、 I carried out my first real experiment in the 9th grade. My school was a dream place for someone who dreamed of becoming a scientistwe had almost everything that one needed to do experiments in the lab. The experiment was designed by me and another student called Aisha, who to this day remains a very close friend of mine. We chose to learn about the effect of antioxidants(抗氧化剂)on the growth of African violets(紫罗兰). We cloned a lot of African violets and planted them into baby food jars. To learn about the effect of antioxidants, we decided to count the number of little baby leaves that appeared on the cloned leaf every day. I was not sure why we decided to choose antioxidants to do the experiment. We were just 14 after all and we didnt know much about plants. However, we found that the ones fed with antioxidants produced more little baby leaves on them. I was sure the antioxidants had an effect on them. It was a wonderful experience to set up such an experiment. I learned a lot from that experience. It was just the one that made me like science, and having the opportunity to do real science at school made me believe that. It wasnt reading science out of a book, and it wasnt watching videos about adults with bad hair doing science in a lab; it was actually doing science that interested me thinking about it, planning it, and doing it. After that experiment, I did more experiments in the lab with my friend Aisha. We learned a lot of things through doing experiments in the lab of our school. I was so lucky that I attended such a school. Recently, I read a report on a website. It shows that many schools in the US dont have the resources(资源) needed to do experiments in their school labs. Students should do experiments in the lab. It totally works. It makes kids like science. I hope that schools around the nation will provide their students with more resources to do experiments in the lab.1.Whats the authors purpose in doing the experiment?A.To find out how African violets grew into big plants.B.To clone enough African violets to plant in the wild.C.To find the effect of antioxidants on African violets.D.To test whether antioxidants were good for all plants.2.The author found the African violets fed with antioxidants_.A.looked very strangeB.grew better than othersC.were almost destroyedD.had much bigger leaves3.After doing the experiment the author_.A.wanted to find a better partnerB.showed great interest in scienceC.thought it was hard to do experimentsD.wanted to read books to improve his experiment4.What is the text mainly about?A.The authors first experiment in a lab.B.Why all students cannot do experiments.C.Why the author was interested in science.D.Things the author learned from experiments. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A解析：本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕,介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知,印刷技术落后,人们识字率低,作品上没有作者名字,小说被认为是愚蠢的、不正常的,或者毫无价值可言。故选C。2. 推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知,把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的,故选D。3. 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写,和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕,由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。点睛:推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上,做出判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思,也就是通过文章中的文字信息,上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。本文推理判断题的考法:1. 推测文章的观点或结论。小题1要求判断18世纪英国小说的现状,根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.Novels, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知,当时印刷技术落后,人们识字率低,小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的,毫无价值可言。2. 推测作者写作目的或意图。小题3判断本文的写作目的,根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写,和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕,由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。 2答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“and volunteered at a nursing home. ” 可知,在事故发生之前, Daniel Hernandez在一家私人疗养院做过志愿者,故选C项。2.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,当时Giffords受伤倒下去了,她的处境非常危险,因此距离她不远的Hernandez以自己的最快速度上前去保护她,并对她的伤口进行处理,故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的Daniel Hernandez was there at that key moment, four days earlier than he was supposed to be. ”可知,Daniel Hernandez 本应该在4天之后才去那里的,因此推断:Gabrielle Giffords的获救是非常幸运的,故D项正确。 3答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A解析： 1.【语篇导读】本文是一篇书评。作者列举了Brooks的几本书,指出了书中值得肯定的地方,同时也找出了其不足之处。推理判断题。文章第一句提到科学有许多用途,可以揭示自然的规律、治病、制造原子弹等等,后面又提到David Brooks。由此可知,许多作家在作品中运用科学知识,就是因为它的功能很多,所以选D。2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear.”可知,撰写清楚是他的书的一个优点,所以选C。3.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的.“whofailed to resist the temptation.”和第三段中的“you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of fact. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox,and perhaps unfortunate, way.”可知,Brooks写的和人们期望的不一样。由此可知,作者是持批判的态度。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,这些问题涉及Brooks把他的故事转换成科学的企图,由此可知,作者在本段谈到这本书的问题,所以选A。B项“Brooks的生活经历”;C项“人物的死亡”;D项“Brooks的翻译技巧”都与该段无关。【长难句分析】Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptatio