2018年高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第3讲主旨大意类练案.docx

专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意类真题验证题组一(2017全国，D)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custommade navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？_C_ATo explore new means of transport.BTo design new types of cars.CTo find out older drivers problems.DTo teach people traffic rules.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。 Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？_A_AIt keeps them independent.BIt helps them save time.CIt builds up their strength.DIt cures their mental illnesses.解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“For many older people，particularly those living alone or in the country，driving is important for preserving their independence，giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？_B_AImprove their driving skills.BDevelop driverassist technologies.CProvide tips on repairing their cars.DOrganize regular physical checkups.解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life”可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。What is the best title for the text？_D_AA new Model Electric CarBA Solution to Traffic ProblemsCDriving Services for EldersDKeeping Older Drivers on the Road解析：考查标题判断。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。故选D。(2017天津，A)Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after youve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send” too soonDont waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: dont handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names)Clicking “reply all” unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday youd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person youre discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.文章大意：这是一篇应用文。匆忙之中或心不在焉时发送电子邮件出现错误怎么办？比如，邮件还没写好就发送了，把收件人的名字拼写错了，个人邮件被你误发给了所有人，或者把埋怨的邮件误发给了被你吐槽的那个人。本文告诉我们出现这些情况时我们该如何补救。After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel_C_.Acurious B.tired C.awful D.funny 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。该段说，在你点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误，结合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知，人们意识到“邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选C。If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to _A_.Aapologise in a serious mannerBtell the receiver to ignore the errorClearn to write the name correctlyDsend a short notice to everyone解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段，该部分提出建议说，此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复，为自己的错误道歉(apologising for your mistake)，而且要注意道歉的语调(dont handle it too lightly)，这与A项的陈述是一致的。What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email？_B_ATry offering other choices.BAvoid further involvement.CMeet other staff members.DMake a lighthearted apology.解析：考查细节理解。根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段，这部分提到，如果你不小心点了“回复所有人”，可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话，此时你最好离开电脑键盘(step away from your keyboard)，以便让大家都冷静下来。这与B项的陈述相吻合，表示“避免继续卷入(这样的对话)”。How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email？_D_ABy promising not to offend the receiver again.BBy seeking support from the receivers friends.CBy asking the receiver to control his anger.DBy talking to the receiver face to face.解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。这部分提到，在出现冒犯对方的情况时，要尽快亲自向对方道歉。故选D。What is the passage mainly about？_C_ADefining email errors.BReducing email mistakes.CHandling email accidents.DImproving email writing.解析：考查主旨要义。通读全文，尤其是第三段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现问题时人们该如何面对和补救，因此C项最能概括本文的主题。(2017浙江，A)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing._The_cats_lot_was_about_to_improve._ That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。What is the text mainly about？_C_ABenjamins visit to Philadelphia.BWilliams influence on Benjamin.CThe beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.DThe friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.解析：主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C。What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest？_D_AThe cat would be closely watched.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解析：推理判断题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？_B_AHe took him to see painting exhibitions.BHe provided him with painting materials.CHe sent him to a school in Philadelphia.DHe taught him how to make engravings.解析：细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“.Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。Williams two books helped Benjamin to _D_.Amaster the use of paintsBappreciate landscape paintingsCget to know other paintersDmake up his mind to be a painter解析：细节理解题。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的指引，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。(2016全国，D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.文章大意：文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义以及沉默的治疗价值等内容。What does the author say about silence in conversations？_C_AIt implies anger.BIt promotes friendship.CIt is culturespecific.DIt is contentbased.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句“A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry”(某一谈话中的沉默可能也表示倔强、不安或者担忧)可知，silence in conversations具有文化特异性。故选C。Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？_A_AThe Chinese.BThe French.CThe Mexicans.DThe Russians.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知，中国人可能认为一个人在谈话时突然停顿是希望听话人去仔细思考。故选A。What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？_D_ALet it continue as the patient pleases.BBreak it while treating patients.CEvaluate its harm to patients.DMake use of its healing effects.解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段，尤其是最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures”可知，护士应该充分利用沉默的治愈价值。故选D。What may be the best title for the text？_B_ASound and SilenceBWhat It Means to Be SilentCSilence to Native AmericansDSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义，故选B。文章未谈及Sound，所以A项不对；文章虽谈到了Silence to Native Americans，但这不是文章的中心内容，故排除C项；文章未涉及Speech Is Silver的内容，所以D项也不对。题组二(2016全国，C)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds _it._Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟)The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了BookC网站帮助喜爱读书的人们互相交流和传递图书的内容。Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？_B_ATo explain what they are.BTo introduce BookCrossing.CTo stress the importance of reading.DTo encourage readers to share their ideas.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句话“Now，the website BookCe turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”可知，作者提到book groups是为了引出BookCrossing。故选B项。What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？_A_AThe book.BAn adventure.CA public place.DThe identification number.解析：考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide.”可知，此处的“it”指的是“the book”。故选A项。What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？_C_AMeet other readers to discuss it.BKeep it safe in his bookcase.CPass it on to another reader.DMail it back to its owner.解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“BookCrossing provide an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，读完书之后，BookCrossers将会把它继续传递给其他的读者。故选C项。What is the best title for the text？_D_AOnline Reading: A Virtual TourBElectronic Books: A New TrendCA Book Group Brings Tradition BackDA Website Links People through Books解析：考查主旨大意。根据第一段的最后一句“Now，the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”以及其余的内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了BookC网站的功能及其创建的意义。故选D项。(2016北京，B)Surviving Hurricane SandyNatalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce.That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly.Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors d