名词性从句-学生版.doc

名词性从句一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种结构：以that引导的从句；以whether/if 引导的从句；以特殊疑问词引导的从句；以what或wh-ever 等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句，此外，as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法如下； that1.引导主语从句。一般不省略，2.引导宾语从句，作及物动词宾语，可以省略，作介词宾语，一般不省略。3.表语从句，一般不省略4.同位语从句，一般不省略。 Whether/if1.引导主语从句。放于句首时，只用Whether2.引导宾语从句，作及物动词宾语，两者都可，但有区别。作介词宾语，只用Whether。3.表语从句，只用Whether。4.同位语从句，只用Whether。 特殊疑问句。注意语序要用陈述语序。 名词性关系从句。注意语序要用陈述语序。完成下列句子。1. Can you tell me _(我如何)get to the railway station? 2. These photographs will show you_. (我们村看上去是什么样子的) 二That从句(一) 主语从句。1.that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1) It+ be +形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc)+that 从句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that he told her everything.2. It +be +名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：It is no surprise that our team has won the game.3. It +be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 从句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.2.在口语和非正式文体中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。但that从句位于句首时，连词that是绝对不能省略的。如Its a pity (that) youre leaving.That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(二) 宾语从句。1. 常见的可以接从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。如：Do you know (that) he has joined the army?Im sure (that) he will pass the exam.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2.that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如：他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。He is a good student except that he is a little careless.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.其他介词后面需要that从句作宾语，必须用it作形式宾语。如：你要相信我会一直帮助你的。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.(三) 表语从句that引导表语从句时，不可省略。如：我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.(四) 同位语从句连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。如：Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is.单项填空。_fashion differs from country to country may reflect the culture differences from one aspect. A what B.that C.how D.where Its still a complete mystery _caused the accident. A.what B.that C.how D.where三、whether/if(是否)(一) 表语从句和同位语从句只能用whether引导不能用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也只能whether用引导不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if引导均可；discuss后必须用whether引导的宾语从句。如：The problem is whether the meeting will be given. 表语从句I have no idea whether the meeting will be given. 同位语从句Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem. 主语从句放于句首Its doubtful whether/if he will come here. 主语从句放于句末。(二) 在宾语从句中：1.在及物动词后：I dont care whether he doesnt come. (whether从句中不能有否定式)I dont care if he doesnt come. (宾语从句为否定式时用if)I dont care whether he comes or not. I dont care whether or not he comes.I dont care if or not he comes. I dont know whether to go there.2.在介词后：在介词后只用whether，不用if。如：It depends on whether you can do the work well.用whether 或if填空_well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. Im not sure _he will come here or not. This decision will have effect on _or not he will succeed. 四特殊疑问词 从句含有疑问的意思(一) 主语从句特殊疑问句引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。如：It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.It has not been decided yet who will attend the meeting in place of her. (二) 宾语从句1.作动词宾语。能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。如：I cant imagine how he did it.They couldnt understand why I refused it.2.作介词宾语。如：We are worrying about what we should do next.(三) 表语从句、同位语人句The problem is where we should stay. 表语从句My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 同位语从句五、名词性关系从句名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what是最常用来引导名词性关系从句的关系代词。此时，what = the thing(s) which /that，有时what可以用作前置定语，如what help, what funny stories等。此外，whoever=anyone who; whichever=anyone/anything that (whichever可指人); whatever=anything that (whichever和whatever也可作定语)。有时，where(=the place where)和when( =the time when)也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。(一) 主语从句他们需要的是一本好课本。What they need is a good textbook.他喜欢的任何东西都给了他。Whichever he likes will be given to him.无论他买了哪一本书都要替他付款。Whichever book he bought would be paid for.无论谁干了这件工作一定要得到酬谢。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.(二) 宾语从句凡需要帮助的人她都会给予热情的支持。作动词宾语 She will give whoever ( =anyone who) needs help a warm support.她走到她站着的地方。 作介词宾语She walked up to where (the place where) he stood.我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。 作介词宾语You can judge by what (=the things that) I know of him.你可以写你喜欢写的任何题目。 作介词宾语You can write about whatever topic (=any topic that) you prefer.(三) 表语从句这就是我们的问题所在。This is where our problem lies.明天是最方便的时候。Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.(四) 同位语从句I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.(五) 名词性关系从句还中能