必修五第一单元单词和短语.doc

必修五第一单元单词和短语1. Who put forward(=come up with)a theory about black holes? 谁提出了黑洞理论？e.g. 我希望你们能够提出一个更好的计划。I hope you can put forward a better plan .2. draw/reach/ make/ arrive at a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后，总之e.g. 没有足够的证据很难作出决定Its difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence.2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert , indeed , that he attended Queen Victorial as her personal physican约翰.斯诺是伦敦一个著名的医生- 他的医术精湛，因而成了照顾维多利亚女王的私人医生。上学attend school 出席会议/婚礼/葬礼/典礼attend a meeting /wedding /funeral /ceremony3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但是，当他一想到要帮助那些遭受霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到振奋。expose to 把.暴露于.之下（之中），使受到作用（影响）e.g. 1). 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。He exposes his skin to the sun.2). 一些坏习惯使他们受到疾病的影响。Some bad habits exposed themselves to disease.4. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood 它的起因和治疗方法都不得而知。cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗cure sb. (of sth.) 治好某人（的）cure for sth. 治疗的方法e.g. 1) Aspirin 是治疗感冒的妙药。Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds.2) 医生把他的癌症治好了。The doctor cured him of cancer.5. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.John Snow 要面对挑战，解决这个问题。challenge n. 挑战 vt向挑战challenging adj. 挑战的；激战的他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world.6. The second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorb vt. 吸收，吸引，使专心 absorbed adj.专心致志的；被吸引住 absorbing adj. 十分吸引人得；精彩的absorbinto 吸收，并入 be absorbed in sth. / doing sth. 全神惯注于某事/做某事他专心读报，连门铃都没听到。He was too absorbed in the newspaper to hear the bell.7. It seemed that the water was to blame看来水是罪魁祸首。blame sb. for sth. /for doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应为承担责任 该为受责备（此处不能用被动语态）e.g. 1)孩子们不应该受到谴责。The children were not to blame.2) 老师责备我在考试中得粗心大意。The teacher blamed me for my carelessness in the exam.3) 不要把失败归咎于他。Dont blame the failure on him.8. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. pollute vt. 污染；弄脏 polluted adj. 受污染的 pollution n. 污染；玷污 。句型：1） (用)污染或弄脏某物 pollute sth. (with sth.) 2）污染某人的心pollute sbs mind e.g. 1) 这个国家的河流受到工厂排放的化学废料的污染。Rivers in this country were polluted with chemical waste from factories.2) 我感觉我们有责任不污染我们的环境。I feel it our duty not to pollute our environment 3) 电视上得暴力行为正污染着我们的儿童的心灵。Violence on TV is polluting the minds of our children. 9. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区， 他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。Link to 将和连接或联系起来e.g. 全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。Television stations around the world are linked by satellite.10. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，John Snow就能够肯定地宣布， 这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事 It is /was announced that +从句 据宣布/据通知e.g. 据通知，会议将被推迟。It was announced that the meeting would be put off11. contribute to.捐（贡）献; contribute to doing sth.有助于（做） ; make a contribution/contributions to doing sth. 对做出贡献e.g. 1）他主动向红十字会捐款。He offered to