大三写作-词汇与句型.doc

Appendix-1写作同义词替换精华序号含义常用词替换词1如今 adv.NowadaysAt present, Currently, These days,2明显的 adj.clearapparent, manifest, explicit, evident, visible,3解决 vtsolveaddress, tackle, resolve, combat4影响 n.influence , impact, implications5积极的，好的goodpositive, favorable, desirable, beneficial6消极的，坏的baddetrimental, unfavorable, harmful7好处和坏处 n.strengths and weaknesses; pros and cons;advantages and disadvantages8大量的 adj接可数名词numerous, considerable, countlessa great number of; a multitude of; a great many接不可数名词a great deal of a vast amount ofa large sums of + (只能接)money9导致 vtcauselead to, bring about, result in, give rise to10观点 n.opinionnotion，contention，view, perception, viewpoint11出名的 adj.famousconspicuous, noticeable, prominent, eminent, outstanding, celebrated, renowned12很普遍的 adjpopularprevalent, pervasive, widespread13危险 n.dangerperil, hazard14破坏 vtdestroyundermine, impair, jeopardize, ruin15增进 vt.improveenhance, boost16富裕的 adjrichaffluent, wealthy17贫穷的 adjpoorimpoverished, needy, deprived18采取措施 vtake measurestake steps, take actions19重视 vtpay attention toStress on, attach great importance to, pour attention into, put value on20非常地 advveryexceedingly, intensely, greatly, highly, considerably, tremendously, dramatically, strikingly, largely21收入 n.income, earning, salary, wage, pay22越来越多 more and more+ Na growing(increasing/mounting) number of23more and more+ advincreasingly + adv24重要的 adjimportantsignificant, crucial, essential, vital, 25比好的 adjis better thanis superior to, outweigh26比坏的 adjnot as good asis inferior to27巨大的 adjhugeenormous, massive, vast, colossal28现在的 adjthe presentthe current, the existing29加强 vtmake sth strongstrengthen, reinforce, 30忽视，无视 vfail to seeneglect, overlook31做(某事）vdo sthperform, conduct32青少年 n.young people adolescent, youngster, young generation33不可避免的inevitable, unavoidable, inescapable34支持 vtagree withback, bolster, sustain, support35反对 vtdisagree withobject to , is opposed to, frown on sth36阻止，阻碍 vpreventprohibit， impede， hinder37不同种类的different kinds ofvarious, a variety of , a wide range of 38足够的 adjenoughsufficient, adequate, abundant, ample, plenty of, plentiful，39缺乏的 adjnot enoughscant, limited, scarce, lacking, insufficient, deficient缺乏 n.lack, shortage, scarcity 40有能力的 adjablecompetent, capable, competitive41方式 n.waymeans, method42困难 n.difficultyadversity, hardship, impediment 43可能性 n.possibilitychance, likelihood44特点 n.trait, feature, characteristic , attribute, quality45可信任的 adjtrustworthy, dependable, reliable46毫无疑问的undisputed, undeniable, unquestionable，arguable47遵守 vtobeyadhere to, comply with 48单调的 adjboringdull, monotonous, repetitive49培养 vdevelopcultivate, foster, nurture50用 vuseutilize, exploitAppendix-2 50个写作常用词组（基础类）（一） 积极词组（论证正面的方面）1. benefit from 从.中受益例句：Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed school.详解：（同义词组） be beneficial to (注意与benefit from的主语和宾语位置正好相反)例句：Others, however, believe that attending mixed school is beneficial to boys and girls2. invest in 对投资例句：The government should invest a large proportion of its budget in helping the needy, despite the economic recession.详解：(反义词组) withdraw the funding of/ suspend the funding of 中止对的投资 （同义词组）fund sth/ subsidize sth/ allocate money to sth.例句：The local authority is subsidizing the transport service.3. promote the development of 促进的发展例句：Even though the city has invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries, it has done little to promote the development of education and medical care.详解：（同义词组）facilitate the development of 4. boost efficiency/ boost productivity 提高效率/提高生产率例句：The main question about high-tech education is whether it actually boosts the efficiency and the effectiveness of learning.5. play a pivotal role in 在中起到关键作用例句：Vitamins and minerals play a pivotal role in keeping our body healthy.详解：（同义词组）play a crucial/essential role in6. enrich ones social/academic/professional experience 丰富的社会的/学术的/职业的经历 例句：Working for a period before going to university can greatly enrich students social experience and make them more capable in university.详解：（同义词组）expand ones outlook/vision (不要用broaden ones horizons) (反义词组) limit/restrict ones vision 7. keep society safe and stable 保持社会稳定例句：Harmony keeps society safe and stable while conflict disturbs social order.详解：（同义词组） maintain social stability8. have a duty/obligation to do 有责任去做例句：In most European countries, parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children receive proper education.详解：（同义词组）be obligated to do sth be accountable for doing sth(反义词组) be exempt from doing sth 被免除某种责任，比如paying taxes9. relax their bodies and ease their minds 使人放松身心例句：Children not only need opportunities to acquire knowledge, they need time to relax their bodies and ease their minds as well.详解：（同义词组）afford(提供给) sb. entertainment and pleasure10. be based on 基于例句：Discipline should be based on a positive, loving parent-child relationship instead of on force and punishment.详解：(同义词组) lay the foundation for 为.打好基础11. generate employment opportunities 创造就业机会例句：International tourism can generate employment opportunities. On the other hand, it may damage the cultural heritage of a nation.详解：(同义词组)stimulate the job market(反义词组)reduce employment opportunities12. be less time-consuming and more economical 省钱又省时的例句：Contrary to the popular belief, advertising makes our shopping experience neither less time-consuming nor more economical.详解：(同义词组) be more efficient and cost-effective be affordable alternatives to sth例句：Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving our own car for long journeys.13. relieve ones academic/financial/psychological burden 减轻某人的学业/经济/心理负担例句：Part-time jobs help students to relieve their parents financial burdens. Nevertheless, working on a part-time basis may create psychological burdens for the students themselves.详解：(类似用法) relieve poverty/pain/traffic congestion 减轻贫困/痛苦/交通堵塞14.fulfill ones potential 发挥人的潜力例句：Employees may feel they cannot fulfill their professional potential when their work is not valued by their employers.详解：(同义词组) achieve ones potential(反义词组) restrict ones potential例句：Learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society can not be achieved just in the home15. remove the barrier for 为（发展，交流）消除障碍例句：Machine translation has removed the barrier for communication between people who do not share the same language.详解：(反义词组) be an obstacle to be a hindrance to 对构成阻碍16. promote the cultural communication and interaction between A and B 促进A和B之间的文化交流互动例句：A universal language effectively promotes the cultural communication and interaction between nations that are different culturally.详解：(同义词组) contribute towards the mutual understanding between A and B 促进相互了解例句：This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute towards the mutual understanding in their community.17.curb the proliferation of 控制（犯罪，污染，媒体有害内容）的扩散例句：The government should take immediate measures to curb the proliferation of pollution, regardless of the costs it may involve.详解：(同义词组) ban/prohibit sth18. raise peoples awareness of 提高人们的某种意识例句：The media can raise peoples awareness of the alarming rise in youth crime.详解：(同义词组) disseminate knowledge about 传播某方面的知识 educate the public to do 教育公众去做某事例句：Long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.19. has the inherent advantage of 在某方面有内在优势例句：Teaching students in groups has the inherent advantage of enabling schools to use their equipment and facilities more efficiently.详解：(同义词组) be superior to 比.更有优势的 (反义词组) be inferior to 不如的20. be responsible for 对负责例句：School should be more responsible for childrens education compared with the parents.21. draw on 借鉴（别人的经验，知识）例句：Those who have spent some time traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.详解：(反义词组) overlook 忽视22. enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事例句：Working enables individuals to live a comfortable lives.详解：(同义词组) equip sb with the ability to do23. shoulder/assume the responsibility for sth 承担起的责任例句：Educator should assume the responsibility for ensuring that their students do not go astray academically.详解：（反义词组）shirk responsibility 逃避责任24. acquire knowledge/skills 获取知识/技能例句：Someone thinks the role of a school is to provide students with opportunities to acquire knowledge.详解：在地道的英语中，learn knowledge 的表达是错误的。（二） 消极词组 （论证负面的方面）1. live in poverty/ in misery/in frustration/in anxiety 生活在贫穷/困苦/沮丧/焦虑中例句：Living in misery, the citizens in these impoverished countries claim that industrial nations have the obligation to supply financial aid, which can lift them out of poverty.详解：(同义词组) lead a impoverished/miserable/frustrated life2. drive up the crime rate 导致犯罪率上升例句：The widespread gun scenes and pornography in films may make young viewers more violent. As a consequence, these scenes tend to drive up youngsters crime rate.详解：（反义词组）lower the crime rate3. The competition is increasingly stiff 竞争越来越激烈例句：The economic competition between countries is increasingly stiff, which has made the governments more protective of their domestic market.4. To avoid, people should 为了避免, 人们应该例句：To avoid the extinction of these species, we should stop disturbing the ecological balance on our planet.5. widen the gap between A and B 拉大A与B之间的差距例句：At present, the technology available to individuals is actually widening the gap between the wealthy and the needy rather than narrowing it.详解：（反义词组）narrow the gap between A and B 6. stem from (某种坏现象)起源于例句：Generally speaking, childrens bad behavior stems from imitating their parents.7. pose a threat to 对构成威胁例句：The weapons that a country possesses do not just pose a threat to other countries. They pose a very real threat to their owner as well.详解：(同义词组) endanger sth8. stifle creativity/imagination 扼杀创造力/想象力例句：The traditional approach to education in some Asian countries seriously stifles students creativity and imagination.详解：（反义词组）foster/stimulate creativity9. find sth monotonous and unmotivating 发现某物又单调又无法给人动力例句：Young students tend to find traditional schooling monotonous and unmotivating.详解：(同义词组) find sth neither attractive nor productive （反义词组）find sth highly stimulating10. diminish individuals leisure time 减少人们的休闲时间例句：The accelerating pace of life seriously diminishes individuals leisure time and may even cause mental illnesses.11. There is a definite link between A and B A和B之间有密切的联系例句：There is a definite link between the rising rate of obesity and the increasing consumption of fast food.详解：（反义词组）There is no correlation between A and B.12. spin out of control 失去控制 (get out of control)例句：The Irish debt crisis is and spinning out of control and spilling over to other European countries.详解：（反义词组）keep sth. under tight control13. cause tension and conflicts between A and B. 在A和B之间产生紧张和冲突例句：Cultural differences between the tourists and the local residents may cause tension and conflicts between them.详解：（反义词组）ease tension between A and B例句：International sporting events are essential in easing international tensions.14. be overly dependent on 对某事过度依赖例句：Technology has made individuals overly dependent on it, which has led to more sedentary lifestyle and less face-to-face communication.详解：（反义词组） be independent of15. have a detrimental influence upon 对有负面影响例句：Apparently, long-distance flights have a detrimental influence upon the environment, even though they are by far the most efficient way of traveling.详解：(产生正面影响) exert positive influences/effects on (产生负面影响) exert negative influences/effects on16. the population is booming 人口在激增例句：Whereas the population is booming in many Asian countries, the birth rate in some European countries remains consistently low.详解：（反义词组） curb the population explosion17. is markedly incompatible with 与明显不协调例句：The design of modern buildings often turns out to be markedly incompatible with historical surroundings in terms of the materials, form and colors.详解：（反义词组）be consistent with, co-exist(共存)例句：Some countries have single-sex education models, while in others both singl