外文翻译文献翻译机械设计与制造.doc

Mechanical Technology in the rubber industry outlined in the applicationIn the development of human society in the modern process, rubber industries is an indispensable Economy, Trade and Industry. In the rubber industry in the development of rubber technology and rubber machinery(the electromechanical) to the process and development of technology played an important role in promoting this. The development of rubber industry, rubber and rubber machinery industry technology constitutes a technical rubber products all the technical process and industrial technology system. Made in 1820 by the British human-driven single-roller rubber mixing machine.1826 twin-roller Drum open rubber mixing machine into production beginning of the human rubber machinery production prelude. So far, human society has been the application of rubber machinery 180years of history.Since 1839, a series of rubber machinery and equipment will come out, in addition to the application of vulcanized rubber facilities, and other rubber machinery, such as plunger hose extrusion (1858),screw extruder(1879), rubber calendering machine(18431900),closed rubber mixing machine(1916).Rubber machinery and equipment ,at that time, has spent the rubber industry production process, the promotion of the development of rubber industry has played a facilitating role.1904, lead oxide, magnesium oxide, such as the discovery of inorganic curing agent, in particular 1919 organic Thiofide D, the discovery and use of Mand further promote the improvement of production efficiency has greatly improved the performance of the use of rubber products, expanded use.1920 accession to the carbon black rubber, makes rubber products would be an overall improvement in performance and improvement. Therefore, the application of carbon black rubber industry and promoting the process and all-round development. In the early 20th century and the middle of the Soviet Union, the United States, British, Germany, France and other countries, has invented a synthetic rubber industrial technologies. And the establishment of a series of synthetic rubber production equipment and factories. Coupled with the regions natural rubber production of large-scale resources for the mankind modern rubber industry opened up the comprehensive development of the material resource base.Rubber is a highly flexible rubber typical materials, its physical properties are very complicated. Most of the processing of rubber molding process are similar to the melt flow and deformation process, but also in the processing of rubber products, the Health and plastic to go through plastic necklace, mixing, pressure-type, shape, curing, process procedures, in order to become products. In the modern chemical products, such as rubber, plastic, paints, fibers, lubricants, ceramics, and other similar material production and engineering applications, the complexity of its mechanical properties. Purely based on the elasticity, viscosity or plasticity theory can not meet these materials processing requirements of the deformation process. So based on the nature of the complex mechanics of the research topic-rheological theory will be referred to the new human research subjects on the agenda.1928,the United States set up the “Evolution Society”,1940,the British set up the rheological Club(later renamed the Institute of Evolution).In addition, the Netherlands, West Germany, France, Japan and other countries have also set up a corresponding flow Instute.1948 convening of the International Society of Rheology. In 1953 the establishment of the International Association of Rheology. Since then one involving applied mathematic, physics, elasticity, the material mechanics, geology, engineering and other subjects on the verge of disciplines-have emerged Rheology, and gradually has been extensively applied. Rheological not only in the rubber ,plastics, coatings, printing, Portland, foodstuffs, and other industrial production has been extensively applied, but also to infrastructure, machinery, transport, irrigation, chemical industry and many other industrial sectors: involves many substances from solid to liquid processes. Rheology in the rubber industry, widely used in the processing of rubber molding products research and application. Such as rubber mixing, rolling, extrusion, injection molding and other processes. Because of its macromolecular polymer chain structure and movement characteristics of the physical state gathered on showing a four kinds of physical state: a crystalline and non-crystalline 3(glass state, high-elastic state, viscous flow state).Rubber in normal circumstances is the use of high-elastic state In the course of processing molding viscous flow state, in the vulcanized only basic treatment before losing mobility ,and a high flexibility based elastic material.Because of the late 19th century and early 20th century, the theory rubber exploration and the principles of the invention, especially Rheology and application of the theoretical study of the development of rubber industry makes, whether in the filler, vulcanization accelerator, or in the process principle aspects have undergone profound changes. On the development of the rubber industry in a qualitative changes. At the same time, all kinds of rubber machinery also made great progress and development. At that time, not only the names many rubber machinery ,and its structure, specifications, varieties, and so had been reached a certain level of the scale, fine, and the degree of automation and linkage. If rubber mechanical transmission power to hundreds of thousands of kilowatts stem watts, weight machines to a few hundred tons. Rubber products in the process of production plastic necklace, mixing rolling, extrusion, molding, in the process of curing six have a complete matching of mechanical devices.Compound rubber machinery industry is one of the basic equipment. At present production machinery to open dozens of rubber mixing. Health glue used plastic necklace, plastic material mixing; press for the compression machine for plastic, heat-Lian compound mainly used for preheating and plastic; crusher for crushing such as natural rubber, remove plastic washing machine for Health and plastic waste compound impurities; mill mainly used for waste plastic block grinding; refining machine used to remove the hard plastic renewable impurities; reclaimed rubber mixing machine, mainly for the reclaimed rubber pinch Lian; breathing machine for plastic pressure breathing Fim compression; crepe-pressure machine, mainly for crepe-compression; experimental rubber mixing machine; the main compound used in a small number of experiments, etc.Calendered rubber, rubber products processing is in the process of one of the basic equipment. Since 1843 three-roll calendar application, we have 160 years of development history. From the modern to modern specifications and various new calendar will continue to emerge, this specifications, speed, semi-finished products high accuracy, a high degree of automation machinery, the machinery has become the modern calendar of the main structural features. At present production largest calendar has reached more than 10553000mm,roller line speed of up to 120m/min above, the semi-finished calendar has reached its thickness error within0.0025mm.And achieve full electronic control of the computer and automation level.Closed Compound(mixer),rubber and plastic mixing and refining one of the main equipment. The development of modern mixer, a high-speed, high-pressure and high-performance characteristics, and is divided into low-speed(20 to the root speed/min).the velocity(speed of 30 to 40/min)and high-speed(60 to speed/min) three. In recent years also appear to speed in the 80/mixer at high speed over armed.Rubber extruder(screw extruder), the worlds first since 1879-screw extruder. Since the birth of all kinds of screw extruder machinery in a large number of different varieties have been supporting complete specification has been adapted to different varieties have been supporting complete specification has been adapted to different product performance characteristics of the request. If pressure extrusion machine, mainly for the shape of the semi-finished production filter plastic extrusion machine for removing plastic mix and the Health and the impurity; Lian plastic extrusion machine for the continuous plastic glue Health Lian; granulation extruders for plastic compound and the Health and the granulation; compression extruder. To compound the pressure plate; esulfurization renewable plastic extruder for the desulfurization; xtrusion dehydration Gechengiao extruder for dehydration and regeneration plastic dry. Cable extruder for the cable coated molding; row Gsa exturder. For mixing compound from the air and water and volatile compounds, such as low-molecular-weight. These specifications complete extrusion machinery, the development of the rubber industry and was credited. It has become the driving force of the rubber products processing and optimazation of the equipment. Molding Machine, also known as the Vote Press, mainly for the production of rubber molded products. Note pressure machinery, its structure, is divided into horizontal injection press, vertical injection press, Kok injection machine and the Multi-Position Press Note 4.Press each note is divided into many different sizes of the specifications.Tire rubber industry is the largest number one product. Whether raw materials from the use of rubber and rubber products, output of rubber products which occupies the lions share of the market, consume about 80% of the volume of rubber resources. Therefore, the tire molding machinery is also important. Since the invention of pneumatic-tyre 1888,with the development of the automobile industry, various specifications, the various properties of a large number of rubber tyres. A high-performance, high-quality car, if there is no corresponding performance and quality of the tire support is equivalent to scrap general. And the development of tire industry tire molding machinery participation is crucial. Tubeless tire or whether they would have to be certain to die molding machinery stereotypes. Forming particular tire, tire production is in the process of core processer, tire various “parts” of the assembly process, will soon cord, bead, wrapper, tread, and other components of processed into paste composition tire embryo. Therefore tire molding machinery determines to a large extent the performance and quality of tyres. As human socio-economic and cultural progress and development, a wide range of a large number of vehicles. Therefore various types and specifications of the tire also endless. Such as cars buses trucks construction vehicles and other special vehicles and aircraft, which have their own dedicated tyre varieties and specifications. In recent years there has high strength and high wear resistance of the steel skeleton radial tire, making automobile tires, performance and the structure and quality to a new level. This constant tire molding machinery to put a higher demand.Tire molding machine many of the types, according to the method of forming: sleeve-law and two kinds of stickers; but shaping the contours of the drum; drum, semi-drum, and the core-wheeled four-sheel-core. In addition, all other uses of different shapes and rubber products, there is a basic molding process. Therefore, a variety of rubber molding machines and even offers a dazzling. Only a wide variety of ring tens of thousands of species and even offers a dazzling. Only a wide variety of ring tens of thousands of species on the number. This shows that the rubber molding machinery industry is also very complicated and very important.Vulcanization machinery, a variety of rubber products of the final steps in the processing machinery, mainly for the various rubber products, plastic, rubber products, such as sulfide processing. the main structure of three kinds of forms: one is flat vulcanizer, and the autoclave(_including pressure autoclave)and the drum machine sulfide. Flat-curing the use of broader, more variety. In addition to direct use of vulcanized rubber products processing, can also be used in the plastics industry thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic plastics procession. Becaues of their body structure and working principle is basically the same. Many of the types and forms. According to the purpose, has the vulcanized rubber model of flat products, with flat-curing machine, V-belt plate curing machine, sheet plate curing machine. Vulcanized rubber products tank is the first production application of curing equipment, mainly for the vulcanization of rubber products work. Can also be used to autocalve curing soles, adhesive tape and model products. Therefore, “omnipotent” said curing machine. Drum curing machine, “belt ”and the “V-belt” two categories. Mainly used for curing surface shape and surface quality of the special requirements of thin strip of rubber products, such as tread rubber and plastic sheet printing abd dyeing, such as the conduction band. If accompanied by the necessary accessories device can be used to transport sulfide zone, belts and other similar products vulcanized rubber processing. Drum Machine continuous vulcanization sulfide, easy assembly and the formation of automated production lines. Substantially reduce labor intensity and improve efficiency and product quality.For the development of rubber industry, mechanical and process technology research determines its speed and level of development determines the performance and quality of products. Generally speaking, industrial technology research and product cycle faster some frequency. Changes in technology and machinery cycle is slow, it decided to change the cycle of the life of the equipment, work efficiency and product quality. It is precisely because of machinery and equipment have a clear life, it makes a certain inertia of the operation. Thus to create a difficult change or duo not need rapid changes in the direct experience. This is a reality for many people, the community and even some scientific research departments only attaches great importance to technology innovation and ignore changes in mechanical and technological advances and the development of one of the main reasons. The mindset of the people is to determine awareness of changes and developments. Any material production originated in the first production practice on the real social needs of the objective.For the rubber industry development, not only the normal process of production of rubber products. Mechanical technology and the increasing need in-depth study of technology and joint development of modern commodity market competitive situation also not tolerate such people wait-and-see or delay time, and in addition to the sustenance of mankind growing material and cultural wealth, the need for rapid development of the rubber industry, large piles of scrap rubber, people also need to face the urgent and effective treatment. This is not only a rubber resources conservation needs, but also the living environment of human security requirements. To solve the normal development of rubber industry and scrap rubber recycling use of resources, only mechanical technology and the joint development of technology to achieve their goals. Contemporary rubber industry development so that the waste rubber recycling of resources must take machines improvement and progress tin the joint development of the road is the only correct way. And the improvement of machinery technology is the essence of mechanical work of the progress of chemical process technology is the core content of their joint development of the modern rubber industry is able to quickly and efficiently optimize and promote the development of intrinsic motivation. Of course also includes scientific management technology devision-making body elements.Machinery, physics, chemistry (or chemical),the four basic skills of a development of the human society science technology system, and science and technology system known as compulsory, and social management technology is soft science and technology system. Taken Flex become a more complete scientific and technological system. Rubber industry in the development of rubber industry and technology and scientific management technology industries with the economic structure of the industry is related to the development of rubber industry “carrot and stick” scientific measures. Mechanical Technology is a hard attribute technology, technology is a soft attributes, it is a “carrot and stick” form of the technology.And in the mechanical technology of the technical attributes of both tangible and intangible. All of investigation and study, the work of design techniques are soft attributes that in the manufacturing of construction involves the technical attributes of hardware technology, the results of pre-main soft technology embodied in the design and construction drawings and manuals; after a hard stage technical achievements on various material on the output of products. This is a hard and soft technologies into the outcome of the objection process. Rubber industrial development, we must attach importance mechanical technology and the joint development of technology. Strengthening the role of rubber machinery technology, mechanical technology to the development and application, the whole social development is not only the production of the material and cultural needs, but also the harmonious development of the ecological environment of human needs, but also to be cherished rubber using and frugal behavior needs. 机械技术在橡胶工业中的应用概述在人类社会的现代进程中，橡胶工业也是一门不可缺少的经济产业。而在橡胶工业发展的过程中，橡胶工艺及橡胶机械（或机电）技术的进步和发展起了重要的推动作用。橡胶工业的发展，橡胶工业技术及橡胶机械技术构成了橡胶制品的全部技术过程和产业技术体系。1820