八年级英语上Unit1-3复习.doc

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?知识要点 重点难点释义(language points)1. all morning整个上午 all 着重“整体”，指各个个体或各个部分组成的“全部的、所有的整体”。可修饰可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词、基数词的前面。常用短语有：all day, all night, all day long, all the morning. all his friends, all the five girls, all the work2. be lost迷路，丢失lost 为动词lose的过去分词，在此作形容词“丢了的，迷路的”。3.decide to do决定做4.pretty good 相当好5.have great fun doing sth.做某事很有乐趣此处的fun为不可数名词“乐趣”。great 可以换成其他的词，如：havemuch /some fun doing sth.6.find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事7.help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事8.make sb. do sth. 使某人做let sb do sth.9. -where did you go on vacation ? 你去哪儿度假了?-I went to the mountains. 我去大山里了。(1)where did you go?是一般过去时的疑问句，did是助动词.(2)went是go的过去式，实义动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化。(3)实义动词一般过去式的一般疑问句以助动词did开头。如：-what did you do yesterday afternoon?你昨天下午在做什么?-I played volleyball with my friend我和我的朋友一起打排球。-Did you have a good time?你们玩得很高兴吗?-Yes，we did是的。-Did she come to help you?她来帮助过你吗?-No，she didnt没有。10. We had great fun playing in the waves. 我们在海浪中尽情玩耍.(l)have fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣（快乐）. 如-Did you have fun hiking into the mountains?你们去山里徒步远行，玩得快乐吗?-Yes，we did是的。have fun 过得痛快，过得快活 。如were sure to have some fun at the party this evening.在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快 .(2) had 是 have 的过去式， 为不规则动词，需记忆. 其他不规则动词还有很多. 如make-made say- saiddo-didtake-took come-camego-wentfind-foundknow-knewsee-sawtell-told put-putget-got11. I found a little boy crying in the corner. 我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。(1)found是find的过去式，是不规则动词，此句中意为“发现”。find sbdoing sth意思是“发现某人正在做某事”。如：I found her reading in the library 我发现她在图书馆读书。类似此用法的感官动词还有：see，watch，hear等。(2)in the corner 介词短语，在“一角”。 12. The shop were too crowded, so I didnt really enjoy it.商店太拥挤了，所以我们玩得不是太愉快。(1)crowded形容词，意思是“拥挤的，人多的”。(2)too副词，表示“太”，含有“以致不”的意思。如：the child is too short to get the apple on the table这个孩子太矮，够不着桌子上的苹果。it is too expensive，so we cant buy it它太贵了，我们买不起。.语法知识（一般过去时的疑问句）1. 一般过去时的疑问句使用助动词did，它没有人称和数的变化，过去时态的一般疑问句由did 引起，谓语动词恢复其动词原形。Did you go to the movie last Sunday? 上周日你看电影了吗？Did they go shopping on vacation? 假期他们购物了吗？Did Mara have fun playing in the water? 玛丽亚在水里玩得愉快吗？2. be动词的疑问式要用它们的过去式,be动词的过去式 包括was 和were, 由am或is 变成的过去式是was,而由are 变成的过去式是were。变成一般疑问句时应当将was 或were 提前至句首，特殊疑问句中was 或were位于特殊疑问词后面，如：I was at home last Sunday.上个星期天我呆在家里。（am变成的过去式）Was the weather cool yesterday? 昨天天气凉爽吗？（is 变成的过去式）How were the people there? 那儿的人们怎样？（由are 变成的过去式）Unit 2Howoftendoyouexercise？重难点解析一、学习几个表示频率的副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, ever, never 等二、重难点知识讲解1What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末常常做什么？（1）这是一个由疑问词what引导的特殊疑问句。前一个do为助动词，构成疑问句结构，后一个do为实义动词（或叫行为动词），意思是“做；干”。注意：助动词do要随着主语的人称、时态和数的不同作出相应的变化。如：What does she do on weekends?周末她做什么？What does Ann often do?安经常做什么？（2）usually为频率副词，意思是“通常；经常”，与often意思相近，但程度有别。辨析：频率副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never频率副词词义频率英文释义always总是100%all the timeusually通常90%oftenoften经常80%(at) many timessometimes有时50%at timeshardly ever几乎不10%almost notnever从不0%not ever知识拓展频率副词always的用法：在所有的频率副词中，always语气最强，表示“总是；永远”。always可用于进行时态，表示“老是；总是”，是一种加强语气的说法，含有“气愤；不满；不耐烦；赞赏”等感情色彩。如： He is always coming late. 他总是迟到。（埋怨） He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（赞扬）always通常放在be动词后面，行为动词前面，一般不放在句首。但为了强调或在祈使句中，也可放在句首. Always pay attention to your pronunciation. 要始终注意发音。always与not连用时，表示部分否定，意思是“不一定总是；未必”等。如： Honesty is not always the best policy. 诚实未必永远是上策。（3）on weekends =at (the) weekends, 在周末，此处的weekends指星期六和星期日。2How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？ Twice a week. 一周两次。（1）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词，如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等，或用于回答表示频率的短语，如once a day (一天一次)，twice a week (一周两次)，four times a month (一个月四次)，every day (每一天)等。如：How often does he surf the Internet? 他多久在网上冲浪一次？Once a week. 一周一次。（2）twice a week 意思是“一周两次”,是一个表示频率的短语，表示频率的短语一般是由“次数a时间名词”构成；表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示，而表示“三次或三次以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：once a month (一个月一次)，twice a day (一天两次)，three times a week (一周三次），five times a year (一年五次)等。3How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每天晚上睡几个小时？how many 多少对可数名词提问，回答应该是表示数量的名词或词组。How many months are there in a year? 一年有多少个月？Twelve. 12 个月。How many times do you exercise every week? 你一周锻炼几次？Three or four times. 三、四次吧。（three or four times=three times or four）time 作“时间”讲时是不可数名词，作“次数”讲时是可数名词。4And I sometimes watch TV. 我有时看电视。sometimes是一个表示频率的副词，意思是“有时”,一般位于句首，也可放在主语后面。如： Sometimes I go to the movies on Sunday. 有时我在星期天去看电影。 He sometimes reads on weekends. 在周末他有时看书。辨析：sometimes 与some timessometimessometimes意思是“有时；不时”，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如：Sometimes he goes to school by bus.有时他乘公共汽车上学。some timessome times是名词短语，意思是“几次；几倍”。如： I met him some times in the street last month. 上个月我在街上遇到他好几次。5She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for意思是“对有好处”。如： Doing exercise is good for our health. 进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处。辨析：be good for, be good at 与be good tobe good for意思是“对有益”。如： Watching TV too much is not good for your health.看电视太多对你的身体没有好处。be good at意思是“擅长于”。如： He is good at playing football. 他擅长踢足球。be good to意思是“对好”。如： The old woman is good to us. 那个老太太对我们很好。（2）health是一个名词，意思是“健康”，它的形容词形式是healthy，健康的 My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多岁了，但她非常健康。6And it makes a big difference to my grades. 这对我的成绩很重要。（这使我的成绩截然不同。）difference n.不同，差异，区别make a difference产生差别；有影响 It makes a difference which you choose. 你选择哪一个，事关重大。different adj. 不同的be different from与不同 This picture is quite different from that one. 这幅图与那幅图有很大的区别。7I look after my health.我很注意我的健康。look after照顾；保管”。动词look后可以接许多介词，像look at“看着”，look like“看起来像”，look for“寻找”等。如： Please look after your book.请保管好你的书。 The boys are looking at the blackboard.男孩子们正看着黑板。 The girl looks like her father.这个小姑娘看起来很像她父亲。 My parents are looking for their dog.我父母正在找他们的狗。知识拓展look after=take care of，在表达“照顾/保管好”的意思时，可用look afterwell或take good care of。如： My mother takes good care of me.我妈妈对我非常体贴。 I have to look after my sister well.我得照顾好我妹妹。8So maybe Im not very healthy, although I do have one healthy habit.所以尽管我有一个健康的习惯，但是也许我还不是很健康。（1）maybe是个副词，意思是“也许；或许”，常用于句首。如： Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。辨析：maybe 与may bemaybe为副词，意思是“也许”，常用于句首，作状语。如： Maybe you are an English teacher. 也许你是一位英语教师。may be为“情态动词动词”结构，作谓语，“也许是”如： You may be an English teacher. 你也许是一位英语教师。 She may be in Class Five. 她也许在5班。（2）although为连词，意思是“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though。不能与 but连用。 Although I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. = I get up early, but I cant catch the early bus.尽管我起得很早，但还是没有赶上早班车。I didnt pass the exam, although I studied every hard.=I studied very hard, but I didnt pass the exam.尽管我努力学习，但考试还是没有及格。（3）do为助动词，用于肯定句中，起加强语气的作用，一般可理解为“确实；的确”。如： She does like ice cream. 她的确喜欢冰淇淋。Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small, good, pretty, big, manyhard, happily, slowly, quickly 程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如：very tall、 too hot、 so cold asas ,(与一样） not as（so)as （与不一样）中间用原级。The story is as interesting as that one.The question is not as / so difficult as that one.2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示“较”或“更一些”。标志词：than (比） 单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.如:smaller, better, taller, older, more, hardermore interesting , more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。标志词：in+大范围, of all, of +the+具体的数字表示“最”的意思。（两者以上用最高级） 单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most. 在形容词的最高级前必须加the如 ：smallest, tallest, newest, best ，副词之前可以不加:most interesting, most difficultly 单音节和多音节词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化如下单音节词和少数多音节词 一般在词尾加-er/或-est/ist/ cold colder coldestfast faster fastest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-st nice nicer nicestlarge larger largest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或-est big bigger biggesthot hotter hottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est easy easier easiestearly earlier earliest多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more或mosttired more tired most tiredeasily more easily most easily常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级-比较级-最高级 good-better-best many-more-most much-more-most bad-worse-worst far-farther, further-farthest, furthest 比较级的用法： than1.汤姆比杰克高.Tom is taller than Jack.2.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.This box is bigger than that one.3.那些苹果比这些大.Those apples are bigger than these ones.(2) 数量的比较1.我的笔比你的多.I have more pens than you (do).2.我喝的茶比他多.I drink more tea than he (does).3.他吃的饭比我少.He has less rice than I (do).形容词最高级的用法 (in; of)那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.今天是一年中最热的一天.Today is the hottest day of the year.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.His room is the cleanest of the three.注意：1.The new building is higher than the old one.比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比， 注意在than或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词 that ，those, one ,ones. 2.His shirt is more expensive than mine.如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。3.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is. She is five years older than I am.than前后句子的时态相同。5.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of+ the+最高级+复数名词6.Who is older, Jim or Tom ?Who is the tallest, Jim , Mike or Tom？Which language is _C_ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficultWhich/Who+ 比较级，A or B?Which/Who+ 最高级，A ，B or C?7. Mary is the tallest of all the sisters in the family .在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括在比较的范围内。8.This is the third largest city in China . 当表示“第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高级的前面加second, third,等词。 9.Its our largest machine in our factory. 当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词the. 双音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的特殊情况：1、一般是在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前加most构成最高级。beautiful more beautiful most beautifulinteresting more interesting most interestingdangerous more dangerous most dangerous 2、某些单音节形容词，加more, most 构成比较级和最高级。glad more glad most gladpleased more pleased most pleasedtired more tired most tiredoften-more often- most often3、表示在两者之间相差的程度用“具体数字+比较级+ than+ 比较对象”。eg: The road is two metres longer than that one . 这条公路比那条公路长两米。 This pencil is four inches shorter than that one .这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。4、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或est构成比较级和最高级，也可以加more 和most构成比较级和最高级。friendly huge calm free true clever5、形容词原级的比较。形容词的原级与asas连用表示肯定意思，是“和一样”的意思；与not as/ so as连用表示否定意义，是“不如”或“不一样”的含义。She is as pretty as her mother.The book is as new as that one.The story is as interesting as that one.