陕西省专升本词汇考试.doc

一、词汇的考查重点 1）动词、名词与介词的搭配 如：popularpatientwith； yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto；accuse requireof；chargewith；underdiscussion等等。 2）习惯用法如：confess toset aboutbe used todoing；be supposed tohavemake sbdo等。 3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。 4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。 5）介词短语在句中作状语 如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，nonenothingbut等词在考题中的出现。 1利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项 1）Having decided to rent a flat，wecontacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A）set aboutB）set down C）set out D）set up set about 后接名词或动名词， “着手干” set down的用法是set sth. down, “记录 ” “制订” set out后接动词不定式，“开始干” set up的用法是set sth. up=establish 2 ） When he realized the police had spotted him，the manthe exit as quickly as possible. A）made off B）made for C）made outD）made up 这里空格处要填的是表示“走向”之意，这里只有“for”表示在同一水平线上“向方向”。注意，句中有exit一词，表示the man是在一建筑物内，所以不可能用out the exit（注意上下文），而且out是一个副词，后面接名词时需要有介词of，所以正确选项是B）而不是C 2利用动词词组中的动词确定选项 有些题的四个选项中的介词或副词一样，而动词不同，这时我们就可以利用动词的区别来确定正确选项，如下例： If youthe bottle and cigarettes，youll be much healthier A）take offB）keep off C）get off D）set off 本题答案为B）。keep与off合在一起是“与保持距离，远离”的意思，根据句义“如果你不喝酒（这里bottle代指酒）、吸烟，你就会更健康”，正确选项为B）。 3释义参照型近义词 由于句子之间语义的关联，句中一部分有时对另一部分构成解释关系，我们可以根据已经明示的部分来确定选项。 1）The medicine is on sale everywhereYou can get it at _ chemists A）eachB）someC）certainD）any 正确选项为D）。本题中前一句中的everywhere就决定了第二句中的空格处填（at）any（chemists）。 2）The manager spoke highly of suchas loyalty，courage and truthfulness shown by his employees A）virtues B）features C）propertiesD）characteristics 正确选项为A）。本句中as后面的名词loyalty（忠诚），courage（勇气），truthfulness（实事求是）是对空格处名词进行的解释。本句中的3个名词归纳起来都属于人应当具有的“美德”，所以本题的答案为A）。 4因果参照型近义词 这是指在一句或两句话中，要么通过“因”推出“果”，要么通过“果”推出“因”。这是利用语法关系去确定选项，如下列例句。 1) Some oldpeopledontlikepopsongsbecause theycantsomuchnoise. A）resist B）sustain C）tolerate D）undergo 正确选项为C）。本句从dont like，推出后边的canttolerate，表示“不能容忍”的意思。 2）Asaresultofcarelesswashing，thejacket _ toachildssize A）reduced B）shrank C）dropped D）decreased 正确选项为B）。通过原因“carelesswashing” 推出正确选项B）shrank，意思是“收缩”。注意四个选项中只有B）项表示“衣服缩水”的意思：其他各项的意思是：A）减小, 减少；C）下降；D）减少。 3）Sincethematterwasextremely，wedealtwithitimmediately A）tough B）tense C）urgent D）instant 正确选项为C）。后半句中的副词“immediately” 可以推出前半句中的“urgent”（迫切的紧急的）。 5转折或反义与对比参照型 这种类型题有的是通过转折词或反义词、或对比词来确定选项，有的是通过句中词来确定选项中的转折词。 1）Eventhoughhewasguilty，the _ judgedidnotsendhimtoprison. A）merciful B）impartial C）conscientious D）conspicuous 正确选项为A）。让步状语从句中的guilty和主句的意思表明法官是一个“仁慈”的人。所以A）项正确。其他三项的意思分别是：B）正直的、公正的；C）有良心的；D）显著的。 2) _ their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other. A）Butfor B）Forall C）Aboveall D）Exceptfor 正确选项为B）。依据theirdifferences，obviousandgenuineaffection可确定选项中的转折词只能是forall，意思是“尽管”。 3）Thesegoods areforexport，thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket A）essentially B）completely C）necessarily D）remarkably 正确选项为A）。通过转折词though和对比词export与homemarket可确定选项为A），意思是“基本上”。其他三项都不符合句意。 4）Mr. Morgancanbeverysad，thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful A）byhimself B）inperson C）inprivate D）asindividual 正确选项为C）。通过后半句的转折词though和对比词inpubliccheerful来确定sadinprivate，意思是“私下里”。 6反义对比参照型近义词 这里指的是利用句子主干中的某词或短语，再加上四个近义词选项的区别来确定正确选项。 1）Competition，theybelieve，_ thenationalcharacterthancorruptit. A）enforces B）confirms C）intensifies D）strengthens 正确选项为D）than决定了这里的corrupt（腐坏，破坏）与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D），表示“加强”的意思。 2）Ithinkshehurtmyfeelingsratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed. A）virtually B）intentionally C）literally D）appropriately 正确选项为B）。通过ratherthan可知byaccident与空格处相对。byaccident的意思是“偶然地，不经意地”，与此相对的应当是intentionally，“故意地”。 7语意环境参照型 However，attimesthisbalanceinnatureis _，resultingina number of possibly unforeseen effects. A）troubled B）disturbed C）confused D）puzzled 正确选项为B）。从句子的后半部分的resultineffects可知balanceinnature受到了破坏。disturb符合句义。 8根据词的同现确定正确选择项同现即同一组词总会出现在同一个语义场中。考试题中出现的同现现象主要是动词与名词的同现、形容词与名词的同现、名词与名词的同现。 1)Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto_betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries. A）raise B）promote C）heightenD）increase 正确选项是B）。better和空格处的内容属动词和名词的重现。4个选项中只有B）promote才能和betterunderstanding搭配，表示“促进”的意思 2) John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must _ the curiosity and creativity of children. A）seek B）stimulate C）shapeD）secure 正确选项是B）。所给4个选项中只有B）stimulate才能和curiosity和creativity同现，表示“激励，激发”的意思。 3）Rememberthatcustomersdontaboutpricesinthatcity A）debate B）consult C）disputeD）bargain 正确选项是D）。本句中customers，prices和选项中的bargain可以出现在同一语义场中。bargainabout短语意思是：就讨价还价。 短语类题型 -理解题意,去伪存真 短语类试题是词汇部分比较主要的一个考点， 主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的固定词组（如above all, in that, other than, rather than 等)。做好这类题目主要依靠学生平时的掌握与积累,特别是一些常用动词如go, put, fall, give, take, come, keep, get, bring, make, hold, turn, look, ask, stand, lay, live, run, call等与介词或副词的常用搭配应牢记在心例题讲解 1. When she heard the bad news, she _ completely. A) broke away B) broke out C) broke down D) broke through 1. C 当她听到这个坏消息时，她完全崩溃了。 C) break down意为“体力和心力的衰弱或丧失”。A) break away（from）意为脱离。 The criminal broke away from the policemen who were holding him.这个罪犯从关押他的警察那儿逃走了。B) break out意为突然发生，爆发。D) break through意为“突破（围墙，障碍物等），出现”。 如：It was a cloudy day, but the sun at last broke through. 乌云密布，但太阳最终还是钻出云层。 2. When John was nineteen he _ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. A) took to B) took up C) took for D) took on 2. A 约翰19岁时就和一群陌生人混在一起，很晚不回家。 A) take to 沉湎于：Johns taken to drinking too much lately. 最近约翰过于沉溺于饮酒。B) take up从事于；（活动，事件）占去（时间）；C) take for 把当作：Im not going to help you to steal a car; what do you take me for? 你把我当成什么样的人？ 把（某人）错看成（别人）：I took you for Mrs. Brown when I saw you this morning. 今天早上看到你时我把你错当成布朗太太了。D) take on 承担；聘用。 3. After Mary and Jane covered 25 kilometers that day, their legs under them _. A) gave in B) gave off C) gave out D) gave away 3. C 玛丽和简那天走了25公里，她们的腿都没有劲了。 give out （人）体力不支：Toms legs gave out and he couldnt run any further. 汤姆的腿没劲了，他再也跑不动了。=run out被用完，耗尽，没有了：We must go home, our money has given out. 我们必须回家了，我们的钱已经花完了。 分发，散发：Give out the examination papers.分发考试卷。A）give in让步，屈服：Dont give in to his opinions. 别对他的意见让步。B）give off发散，放出（光、热、汽）：The roses gave off a nice smell. 那玫瑰发散着芬芳。D）give away赠送；泄露：He has given away all his money to the beggar. 他把所有的钱都给了乞丐。 4. To my surprise, at yesterdays meeting he again _ the plan that had been disapproved a month before. A) brought up B) brought on C) brought in D) brought about 4. A 让我吃惊的是，在昨天的会议上他竟又一次提出一个月前已被否决的计划。A) bring up 除了“抚养，教育”之意外，如：to bring up children；还有“提出，引起注意”之意。同“to raise or introduce （a subject）”，“call attention to”，如：bring up the question of unemployment 提出失业问题；B) bring on，意为 “lead to， (help to) produce”，产生，引起，导致 Going out in the rain brought on a fever. 冒雨外出因而发烧。bring on还可作“帮助，进展”讲。More study should bring on your English.多下功夫，你的英语会进步。C) bring in意为 “introduce”,介绍，提出。往往强调是第一次。To bring in a bill in Parliament在国会提出议案。D) bring about =cause to happen, 引起，导致，致使。如：The developments in science and technology have brought about many changes in our lives. 科技的发展给我们的生活带来了许多变化。 5. Truth is something proven by experiment, so nothing should be _. A) born in mind B) taken into consideration C) put up with D) taken for granted 5. D “bear in mind”记住； “take into consideration” 考虑； “put up with”忍受；“take for granted”认为理所当然。 6. I want to buy a new tie to _ this brown suit. A) go with B) go after C) go into D) go by 6. A 我想买条和这套褐色西服相配的新领带。go with 配合，相配。 Marys blue dress goes with her eyes. 玛丽的蓝色裙子和她眼睛的颜色很相配。B) go after （不正式）追求（某人或事）：go after a girl/job/prize 追求女孩/求职/争取奖品 C) go into 从事；进入（行业，生活状况）：to go into politics/business/films 从政/从商/从影 D) go by （时光）逝去，过去：Two months went by before he finally settled down in his new school. 两个月过去了他才适应了新的学校。 7. It is much earlier to talk about social change than to _. A) bring it to B) bring it up C) bring it about D) bring it out 7. C 谈论尚未产生的社会变革有些为时过早。 bring about 产生，引起。 A）bring to=bring round 使苏醒：Peter has fainted. Try to bring him to.彼得昏过去了。设法把他救醒过来。 B) bring up=raise 抚养，教育； D) bring out 生产，制造：to bring out a new kind of soap生产一种新肥皂； 使发挥，使显露：Difficulties can bring out a persons best qualities. 困境能使一个人发挥出最大的优点。 8. When the whole area was _ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter. A) cut in B) cut back C) cut down D) cut off 8. D 当整个地区被洪水包围时，政府用直升飞机运送粮食到那里。 cut off 隔绝。When the city was cut off, everyone knew that total defeat was certain. 城市被包围时，大家都知道失败已成定局。 A) cut in （不正式）插嘴说： Dont cut in while Im talking. You can say what you want later. 我在讲话时你别插话。等会儿你再说你想说的话。 B) cut back=to reduce in size or amount 减少，减小： The unions strongly opposed any plans to cut back (on) industrial production. 工会坚决反对任何削减工业生产的计划。 C) cut down=to reduce in quantity or amount 削减，减少： The doctors have told me to cut down (on) smoking and drinking. 医生叫我少抽烟，少喝酒。 9. He agreed to help us but _ when he found how difficult it was. A) backed up B) backed behind C) backed out D) backed away 9. C 他同意帮助我们，但当他发现困难很大时他又退缩了。 back out （不正式）未能履行（允诺、契约等）。I hope I can depend on you not to back out at the last moment. 我希望能信得过你不至于最后关头打退堂鼓。 A) back sb. up=support 支持：Most members were against Tom, who would have lost his position if you hadnt backed him up. 大部分会员都反对汤姆，如果当初没有你对他的支持的话，他可能已失去职位了。 B) back behind 不是固定搭配。D) back away 向后退（以腾出空间或因害怕等）：The taxi driver backed away to let the bus go through the narrow road. 出租车司机把车向后退了退让公共汽车通过狭窄的道路。 10. You should _ that she had been sick recently. She could do better if she were well. A) account for B) count on C) take into account D) take for granted 10. C 你应该想到她最近一直病着。如果她病好了，她会做得更好一些。take into account 考虑。Ill take your suggestions into account. 我会考虑你的建议的。 A) account for 说明，说明的原因：He could not account for his absence. 他无法说明他缺席的原因。 B) count on=depend on=rely on指望，依靠：We can always count on him for help in any emergency. 我们总能指望他在紧急的情况下帮助我们。D) take for granted 认为理所当然。 11. Mike is working in a company that _ clothes. A) copes with B) deals with C) deals in D) touches with 11. C 迈克在一家经营服装的公司工作。 deal in 买卖，交易。 又如：This shop deals in woolen goods. A) cope with和 B) deal with 的意思都为“处理、对付”，但cope with较deal with更为正式，而且隐含着事情不容易对付之意。 D）touch作动词时，无此搭配；作名词时常见的表达法为 keep in touch with sb.（与保持联络），lose touch with sb.（与失去联络），in/out of touch with sb.（与有/没有联络）。 12. My watch has been going for three days and it has got _ yet. A) run down B) run over C) run off D) run out 12. A 我的表走了三天就没电了。run down（尤指钟或电池）失去动力而需旋紧发条或充电。 run down, run over 和run into虽有相似之处，但也不尽相同：run down侧重于（以车辆）撞倒或撞伤（人或动物）； run over 侧重于（车辆）碾过或压过： He was run over by a bus. 他被一辆公共汽车从身上压过。 而run into 侧重于（使）（车辆）猛力撞到： The drunken driver ran his car into a tree. 酒醉的司机开车撞到了树。 B）run over 又作“（液体或容器）溢出”讲。 The water/The cup ran over. 水从杯子溢出来了。 C）run off 让（液体）流出：to run off a bucket of water from the barrel 从木桶中放出一桶水； D）run out 用光，耗尽：Our food soon ran out. 我们的食物不久就耗尽了。 13. The board _ the suggestions the experts made. A) acted as B) acted on C) acted for D) acted up 13. B 董事会按照专家们的建议去做。act on 按照行事。 No matter how difficult the situation was，he always acted on his principles. 不管情况有多糟，他总按照自己的原则做事。 A) act as=serve as=work as 充当Mary acted as a secretary to the manager. 玛丽做了经理的秘书。 B) act for 为做事 In this case Im acting for my friend. 我代表我的朋友处理此事。 D) act up=play up 表现不良，出毛病 The cars engine is beginning to act up. 汽车的发动机开始出毛病了。 14. The teacher was using many new words and the students could not _ what she was saying. A) take in B) take away C) take to D) take over 14. A 老师用了许多新词，所以学生们听不懂她说的话。 take in 理解，领会。It took me a long time to take in how to do it. 我想了很久才明白怎样去做。 B）take away 带走，消除，减去 What do you get if you take 5 from 12? 12减5剩多少？ C) take to：爱，喜欢（某人或某事）He took to her at first sight. 他第一眼见到她就喜欢上她了。养成习惯，嗜好，见题解2。 D) take over 接管，接任，接收：Our firm took over two fruit packing companies last year. 我们公司去年接收了两家水果包装公司。 15. You may go on with your experiment, but I dont think anything will _ it. A) come to B) come of C) come across D) come from 15. B 你可以继续你的实验，但我不认为会有什么结果。come of 从产生。 A) come to总计，达到：The members of the club has come to 120 up to now. 俱乐部的成员人数已达120。 C) come across=run into 偶然遇到：The other day I came across my former colleague in the department store. 那天我在百货商场偶遇我以前的同事。 D) come from 出生于；以为出生地：Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自乡下。 16. The manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to _ the investment plan. A) work out B) make out C) put out D) bring out 16. A 经理问他的助理是否能制定出投资的计划。work out 计划，决定：work out details； B) make out 理解：I cant make out what you mean. 我不懂你的意思。 C) put out 熄灭，扑火：put out fire； D) bring out 生产出：bring out ones fine qualities 显示出优良的品质。 17. He had a little money _ and intended to take a holiday. A) put aside B) put away C) put out D) put off 17. A 他存了一点钱，想去度假。 put aside 储蓄，节省（金钱、时间等，通常为某特殊目的）。又如：Ill put aside 5 minutes to talk to you. B) put away 放好，收起来：The teacher asked the students to put away their textbooks and looked at the blackboard. 老师让学生们收好课本看黑板。 C) put out 熄灭，扑火； D) put off 推迟，延期：The meeting will be put off to the next week. 会议将推迟到下周召开。 18. The camera wont work because the battery has _. A) run up B) run down C) run over D) run off 18. B 照相机没电了，用不了。 run down（尤指钟或电池）失去动力而需旋紧发条或充电；以车辆撞倒或撞伤（人或动物）； A) run up=raise升起（旗子）：They ran up the national flag in honour of the victory. 他们升起国旗纪念胜利。欠债： She ran up a large bill for all her new clothes. 她因买新衣服而欠了一大笔帐。 B）run over 撞倒；碾过（压死）；溢出； C）run off 让（液体）流出 19. Its an interesting old book but therere a lot of words I cant_. A) pick out B) make out C) fill out D) look out 19. B 这是一本有趣的老书，但其中有许多字我都无法辨认。make out勉强辨认出；勉强了解：Can you make out what hes trying to say? 你懂得他在说什么吗？ A) pick out 选出：It took me a whole afternoon to pick out a suitable present for my mothers 60th birthday. 我花了整整一下午的时间为我母亲的六十大寿挑选一个合适的礼物。 C) fill out=fill in 填写，填好：Please fill in this form with your personal information. 请把你的个人信息填写在这张表格上。 D) look out 留神，小心：Look out! The car is bound to move! 小心！那辆车要开动了！ 20. See if you can _ mother _ lending us the car tomorrow. A) talk back B) talk over C) talk into D) talk on 20. C 看看你是否能说服妈妈明天把汽车借给我们。 talkinto 说服（某人）做（某事）：My wife talked me into buying her a diamond ring. 我太太说服我买了一颗钻戒给她。 选项A)和D)中的搭配都不存在。选项B)中talk与 over搭配时，正确的表达法为talk over (with)，如： Can I see you a moment? Ive an important matter to talk over with you. 我可以见见你吗？有件要紧的事和你商量。 21. Her marked personality changes were _ by a series of unlucky events. A) carried on B) brought about C) counted on D) made up 21. B 注释她性格上的显著变化是由一系列的不幸事件引起的。bring about产生，引起：Science has brought about many changes in our lives. 科学为我们生活带来很大变化。 A) carry on 继续： We will carry on our conversation tomorrow. 我们明天继续谈。 C) count on 依靠，指望：You can always count on me in need of help. 在你需要帮助的时候，你永远可以依靠我。 D) make up捏造，虚构（故事）：He made up the story. 他编造了那个故事。化妆：She made up her face. 她化妆了脸部。 22. Unfortunately, thousands of people were severely affected by the flu which _ only a week ago. A) burst into B) burst forth C) burst out D) burned up 22. C 不幸的是，成千上万的人感染上了一星期前爆发的流感。 burst out 突发：The war burst out. 战争爆发了。 burst out doing 突然（哭，笑等）：They burst out laughing/crying. 他们突然大笑/大哭。 A）burst into闯入；匆忙进入：He burst into the room. 他闯入了房间。She burst into tears/laughter. 她突然哭/笑了起来。 D) burn up 烧尽，烧光：All the wood has been burnt up. 所有木材已经烧光。 23. The floor was so rotten that it almost _ under their weight. A) gave away B) gave over C) gave way D) gave up 23. C 地板腐烂得几乎不能承受住他们的重量。 give way 坍塌，毁坏。 A）give away 暴露，泄露：She tried to hide her feelings, but the tears in her eyes gave her away. 她试图掩饰她的感情，但她的眼泪泄露了她的真情。 B）give over交付，交出，让给：The keys were given over to our neighbors during our absence. 我们不在家时，门钥匙交给邻居保管。 D）give up 放弃，戒掉：The doctor told him to give up smoking. 医生叫他戒烟。 24. Most foreign trading companies in west Africa _ rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils. A) deal with B) deal in C) draw in D) draw up 24. B 大多数在西非对外贸易公司买卖橡胶，可可和食用油。 B）deal in ，经营，做交易：This shop deals in woolen goods. 这家商店经营羊毛制品。 A）deal with 应付，对待：Children are tiring to deal with. 应付小孩很累人。 C）draw in 驶到路边，往路边靠：The bus drew in to let the cars pass. 公共汽车驶到路边让汽车通过。 D）draw up 写，起草：He was assigned to draw up a plan for the project. 他被委派起草这项工程的计划。 25. When she was very young, she was terribly frightened of school, but she soon _ it. A) got off B) got away C) got across D) got over 25. D 注释她年轻时很惧怕学校，但她很快恢复正常了。 get over 痊愈，恢复，淡忘：Sooner or later youll get over the shock. 迟早你会从惊恐中恢复过来的。 A) get off 下车：They got off the bus and walked away. 他们下了公共汽车走了。 B) get away 逃离（犯罪现场）；离开：The thieves got away with all our money. 小偷带了我们所有的钱逃跑了。 C) get acro