把Arduino开发板刷成AVR与Arduino共用开发板.docx

把Arduino开发板刷成AVR与Arduino共用开发板附上修改好的bootloader代码A project weve been recently working on requires a custom Arduino boot loader. Working in an incremental fashion, the first step is getting the stock Arduino boot loader to compile with the latest WinAVR libraries and current Arduino 1.0 IDE. While this wasnt terribly difficult, it did require a bit of searching, debugging, testing and then a bit more debugging before it worked as intended. Presented here for your convenience, are the fruits of this labor, outlined are the following steps:1. Download the latest Arduino IDE 1.02. Modify the boot loader source3. Modify the makefile4. Compile in command promptStep 1: Download the latest Arduino IDE 1.0The latest Arduino IDE, version 1.0 can be downloaded directly here:/files/arduino-1.0-windows.zipThe complete package is an 86MB zip that unpacks to about 240 MB.You can also locate the specific files in theGithub Arduino repository.Once youve downloaded and unzipped it, navigate to the bootloaders folder at the following path in Windows:arduino-1.0hardwarearduinobootloaders. On the Mac, the path is/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java/hardware/arduino/bootloaders/. For purposes of testing, Ive made a new folder here called:atmega168test. And populated the new test folder with the two filesATmegaBOOT_168.candMakefilefrom the folderatmega.For programming under Windows, I prefer to use Programmers Notepad 2, an open source editor with syntax highlighting for many common languages (it makes the words pretty colors). You can download it here:/. Windows Notepad or any other text editor will also suffice.Step 2: Modify the boot loader sourceThe first (and only) compiler error we will tackle is due to the EEWE bit definition missing in versions 1.6.7 and newer of the file /avr/eeprom.h. The actual compiler error reads as:ATmegaBOOT_168.c: In function main:ATmegaBOOT_168.c:596:11: error: EEWE undeclared (first use in this function)ATmegaBOOT_168.c:596:11: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears inmake: * ATmegaBOOT_168.o Error 1ThisEEWE issue (152)has been around for a while and was originally reported in 2009. Within the source fileATmegaBOOT_168.c, around line 584, we will comment out the old and add in the new:/ ?kraz? -fixed EEWE bit definition missing in versions 1.6.7 and newer of the file /avr/eeprom.h/ According to this issue reported in 2009: /p/arduino/issues/detail?id=152&q=eewe#if defined(EEPE)while(bit_is_set(EECR,EEPE);/Wait for previous EEPROM writes to complete#elsewhile(bit_is_set(EECR,EEWE);/Wait for previous EEPROM writes to complete#endif/*#if defined(_AVR_ATmega1280_) | defined(_AVR_ATmega1281_)while(bit_is_set(EECR,EEPE);/Wait for previous EEPROM writes to complete#elsewhile(bit_is_set(EECR,EEWE);/Wait for previous EEPROM writes to complete#endif*/And dont forget to save the file!Step 3: Modify the makefileNow that we have the bootloader fixed, it does compile without error, but it ends up larger than the 2k space allocation for the bootloader section of the MCUs flash. The easiest solution here is to bump the compiler optimization level up to-0s. This is in the makefile on line 52, beware the makefile isnt C language, it uses the # operator to comment out a line:# ?kraz? - changed opt level to fit under 2kOPTIMIZE = -Os# OPTIMIZE = -O2Step 4: Compile in command promptThe final step is to compile, under Windows we will be using the command prompt. The location of command prompt will depend on your version of Windows, in 7 it can be found by typing the first few letters of command in the search box of the start menu. Once its open, use the“CD”command navigate to the bootloader folder of your Arduino install as seen below in Windows, like this:cd C:arduino-1.0hardwarearduinobootloadersatmega168testAnd on the Mac, like this:cd /Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java/hardware/arduino/bootloaders/atmega168testWe then compile with the command“make pro8, which specifies the target board, in this case its an Mega168 clocked at a relaxing 8Mhz. Other board target definitions can be found listed in the makefile, such as diecimila, lilypad, ng, atmega328_pro8, mega, etc. If the hex already exists in the folder, you will get a messagemake: Nothing to be done for pro8. In this case just delete the hex and compile again with“make pro8. If everything went alright, you should see the compiler report as in the first image at the top of this post. Good luck and happy compiling!#Makefile usage：make atmega328_pro8# Makefile for ATmegaBOOT# E.Lins, 18.7.2005# $Id$# Instructions# To make bootloader .hex file:# make diecimila# make lilypad# make ng# etc.# To burn bootloader .hex file:# make diecimila_isp# make lilypad_isp# make ng_isp# etc.# program name should not be changed.PROGRAM = ATmegaBOOT_168# enter the parameters for the avrdude isp toolISPTOOL = stk500v2ISPPORT = usbISPSPEED = -b 115200MCU_TARGET = atmega168LDSECTION = -section-start=.text=0x3800# the efuse should really be 0xf8; since, however, only the lower# three bits of that byte are used on the atmega168, avrdude gets# confused if you specify 1s for the higher bits, see:# http:/tinker.it/now/2007/02/24/the-tale-of-avrdude-atmega168-and-extended-bits-fuses/# similarly, the lock bits should be 0xff instead of 0x3f (to# unlock the bootloader section) and 0xcf instead of 0x0f (to# lock it), but since the high two bits of the lock byte are# unused, avrdude would get confused.ISPFUSES = avrdude -c $(ISPTOOL) -p $(MCU_TARGET) -P $(ISPPORT) $(ISPSPEED) -e -u -U lock:w:0x3f:m -U efuse:w:0x$(EFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:0x$(HFUSE):m -U lfuse:w:0x$(LFUSE):mISPFLASH = avrdude -c $(ISPTOOL) -p $(MCU_TARGET) -P $(ISPPORT) $(ISPSPEED) -U flash:w:$(PROGRAM)_$(TARGET).hex -U lock:w:0x0f:mSTK500 = C:Program FilesAtmelAVR ToolsSTK500Stk500.exeSTK500-1 = $(STK500) -e -d$(MCU_TARGET) -pf -vf -if$(PROGRAM)_$(TARGET).hex -lFF -LFF -f$(HFUSE)$(LFUSE) -EF8 -ms -q -cUSB -I200kHz -s -wtSTK500-2 = $(STK500) -d$(MCU_TARGET) -ms -q -lCF -LCF -cUSB -I200kHz -s -wtOBJ = $(PROGRAM).o#OPTIMIZE = -O2OPTIMIZE = -Os -fno-inline-small-functions -fno-split-wide-types -mshort-callsDEFS = LIBS =CC = avr-gcc# Override is only needed by avr-lib build system.override CFLAGS = -g -Wall $(OPTIMIZE) -mmcu=$(MCU_TARGET) -DF_CPU=$(AVR_FREQ) $(DEFS)override LDFLAGS = -Wl,$(LDSECTION)#override LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(PROGRAM).map,$(LDSECTION)OBJCOPY = avr-objcopyOBJDUMP = avr-objdumpall:lilypad: TARGET = lilypadlilypad: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU1 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=3lilypad: AVR_FREQ = 8000000Llilypad: $(PROGRAM)_lilypad.hexlilypad_isp: lilypadlilypad_isp: TARGET = lilypadlilypad_isp: HFUSE = DDlilypad_isp: LFUSE = E2lilypad_isp: EFUSE = 00lilypad_isp: isplilypad_resonator: TARGET = lilypad_resonatorlilypad_resonator: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=3lilypad_resonator: AVR_FREQ = 8000000Llilypad_resonator: $(PROGRAM)_lilypad_resonator.hexlilypad_resonator_isp: lilypad_resonatorlilypad_resonator_isp: TARGET = lilypad_resonatorlilypad_resonator_isp: HFUSE = DDlilypad_resonator_isp: LFUSE = C6lilypad_resonator_isp: EFUSE = 00lilypad_resonator_isp: isppro8: TARGET = pro_8MHzpro8: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=1 -DWATCHDOG_MODSpro8: AVR_FREQ = 8000000Lpro8: $(PROGRAM)_pro_8MHz.hexpro8_isp: pro8pro8_isp: TARGET = pro_8MHzpro8_isp: HFUSE = DDpro8_isp: LFUSE = C6pro8_isp: EFUSE = 00pro8_isp: isppro16: TARGET = pro_16MHzpro16: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=1 -DWATCHDOG_MODSpro16: AVR_FREQ = 16000000Lpro16: $(PROGRAM)_pro_16MHz.hexpro16_isp: pro16pro16_isp: TARGET = pro_16MHzpro16_isp: HFUSE = DDpro16_isp: LFUSE = C6pro16_isp: EFUSE = 00pro16_isp: isppro20: TARGET = pro_20mhzpro20: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=1 -DWATCHDOG_MODSpro20: AVR_FREQ = 20000000Lpro20: $(PROGRAM)_pro_20mhz.hexpro20_isp: pro20pro20_isp: TARGET = pro_20mhzpro20_isp: HFUSE = DDpro20_isp: LFUSE = C6pro20_isp: EFUSE = 00pro20_isp: ispdiecimila: TARGET = diecimiladiecimila: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=1diecimila: AVR_FREQ = 16000000L diecimila: $(PROGRAM)_diecimila.hexdiecimila_isp: diecimiladiecimila_isp: TARGET = diecimiladiecimila_isp: HFUSE = DDdiecimila_isp: LFUSE = FFdiecimila_isp: EFUSE = 00diecimila_isp: ispng: TARGET = ngng: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU1 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=3ng: AVR_FREQ = 16000000Lng: $(PROGRAM)_ng.hexng_isp: ngng_isp: TARGET = ngng_isp: HFUSE = DDng_isp: LFUSE = FFng_isp: EFUSE = 00ng_isp: ispatmega328: TARGET = atmega328atmega328: MCU_TARGET = atmega328patmega328: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=1 -DBAUD_RATE=57600atmega328: AVR_FREQ = 16000000L atmega328: LDSECTION = -section-start=.text=0x7800atmega328: $(PROGRAM)_atmega328.hexatmega328_isp: atmega328atmega328_isp: TARGET = atmega328atmega328_isp: MCU_TARGET = atmega328patmega328_isp: HFUSE = DAatmega328_isp: LFUSE = FFatmega328_isp: EFUSE = 05atmega328_isp: ispatmega328_pro8: TARGET = atmega328_pro_8MHzatmega328_pro8: MCU_TARGET = atmega328patmega328_pro8: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=1 -DBAUD_RATE=57600 -DDOUBLE_SPEEDatmega328_pro8: AVR_FREQ = 8000000L atmega328_pro8: LDSECTION = -section-start=.text=0x7800atmega328_pro8: $(PROGRAM)_atmega328_pro_8MHz.hexatmega328_pro8_isp: atmega328_pro8atmega328_pro8_isp: TARGET = atmega328_pro_8MHzatmega328_pro8_isp: MCU_TARGET = atmega328patmega328_pro8_isp: HFUSE = DAatmega328_pro8_isp: LFUSE = FFatmega328_pro8_isp: EFUSE = 05atmega328_pro8_isp: ispmega: TARGET = atmega1280mega: MCU_TARGET = atmega1280mega: CFLAGS += -DMAX_TIME_COUNT=F_CPU4 -DNUM_LED_FLASHES=0 -DBAUD_RATE=57600mega: AVR_FREQ = 16000000L mega: LDSECTION = -section-start=.text=0x1F000mega: $(PROGRAM)_atmega1280.hexmega_isp: megamega_isp: TARGET = atmega1280mega_isp: MCU_TARGET = atmega1280mega_isp: HFUSE = DAmega_isp: LFUSE = FFmega_isp: EFUSE = F5mega_isp: ispisp: $(TARGET)$(ISPFUSES)$(ISPFLASH)isp-stk500: $(PROGRAM)_$(TARGET).hex$(STK500-1)$(STK500-2)%.elf: $(OBJ)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $ $ $(LIBS)clean:rm -rf *.o *.elf *.lst *.map *.sym *.lss *.eep *.srec *.bin *.hex%.lst: %.elf$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $ $%.hex: %.elf$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $ $%.srec: %.elf$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O srec $ $%.bin: %.elf$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O binary $ $#bootloader 源代码/*/* Serial Bootloader for Atmel megaAVR Controllers */* */* tested with ATmega8, ATmega128 and ATmega168 */* should work with other megas, see code for details */* */* ATmegaBOOT.c */* */* */* 20090308: integrated Mega changes into main bootloader */* source by D. Mellis */* 20080930: hacked for Arduino Mega (with the 1280 */* processor, backwards compatible) */* by D. Cuartielles */* 20070626: hacked for Arduino Diecimila (which auto- */* resets when a USB connection is made to it) */* by D. Mellis */* 20060802: hacked for Arduino by D. Cuartielles */* based on a previous hack by D. Mellis */* and D. Cuartielles */* */* Monitor and debug functions were added to the original */* code by Dr. Erik Lins, . (See below) */* */* Thanks to Karl Pitrich for fixing a bootloader pin */* problem and more informative LED blinking! */* */* For the latest version see: */* / */* */* - */* */* based on stk500boot.c */* Copyright (c) 2003, Jason P. Kyle */* All rights reserved. */* see for original file and information */* */* This program is free software; you can redistribute it */* and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General */* Public License as published by the Free Software */* Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or */* (at your option) any later version. */* */* This program is distributed in the hope that it will */* be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the */* implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A */* PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public */* License for more details. */* */* You should have received a copy of the GNU General */* Public License along with this program; if not, write */* to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., */* 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */* */* Licence can be viewed at */* /licenses/gpl.txt */* */* Target = Atmel AVR m128,m64,m32,m16,m8,m162,m163,m169, */* m8515,m8535. ATmega161 has a very small boot block so */* isnt supported. */* */* Tested with m168 */*/* $Id$ */* some includes */#include #include #include #include #include #include #define EEWE 152/* the current avr-libc eeprom functions do not support the ATmega168 */* own eeprom write/read functions are used instead */#if !defined(_AVR_ATmega168_) | !defined(_AVR_ATmega328P_)#include #endif/* Use the F_CPU defined in Makefile */* 20060803: hacked by DojoCorp */* 20070626: hacked by David A. Mellis to decrease waiting time for auto-reset */* set the waiting time for the bootloader */* get this from the Makefile instead */* #define MAX_TIME_COUNT (F_CPU4) */* 20070707: hacked by David A. Mellis - after this many errors give up and launch application */#define MAX_ERROR_COUNT 5/* set the UART baud rate */* 20060803: hacked by DojoCorp */#define BAUD_RATE 115200#ifndef BAUD_RATE#define BAUD_RATE 19200#endif/* SW_MAJOR and MINOR needs to be updated from time to time to avoid warning message from AVR Studio */* never allow AVR Studio to do an update ! */#define HW_VER 0x02#define SW_MAJOR 0x01#define SW_MINOR 0x10/* Adjust to suit whatever pin your hardware uses to enter the bootloader */* ATmega128 has two UARTS so two pins are used to enter bootloader and select UART */* ATmega1280 has four UARTS, but for Arduino Mega, we will only use RXD0 to get code */* BL0. means UART0, BL1. means UART1 */#ifdef _AVR_ATmega128_#define BL_DDR DDRF#define BL_PORT PORTF#define BL_PIN PINF#define BL0 PINF7#define BL1 PINF6#elif defined _AVR_ATmega1280_ /* we just dont do anything for the MEGA and enter bootloader on reset anyway*/#else/* other ATmegas have only one UART, so only one pin is defined to enter bootloader */#define BL_DDR DDRD#define BL_PORT PORTD#define BL_PIN PIND#define BL PIND6#endif/* onboard LED is used to indicate, that the bootloader was entered (3x flashing) */* if monitor functions are included, LED goes on after monitor was entered */#if defined _AVR_ATmega128_ | defined _AVR_ATmega1280_/* Onboard LED is connected to pin PB7 (e.g. Crumb128, PROBOmega128, Savvy128, Arduino Mega) */#define LED_DDR DDRB#define LED_PORT PORTB#define LED_PIN PINB#define LED PINB7#else/* Onboard LED is connected to pin PB5 in Arduino NG, Diecimila, and Duomilanuove */ /* other boards like e.g. Crumb8, Crumb168 are using PB2 */#define LED_DDR DDRB#define LED_PORT PORTB#define LED_PIN PINB#define LED PINB5#endif/* monitor functions will only be compiled when using ATmega128, due to bootblock size constraints */#if defined(_AVR_ATmega128_) | defined(_AVR_ATmega1280_)#define MONITOR 1#endif/* d