考前100天2015中考英语基础语法（二）冠词.docx

（二）冠词01 命题趋势 考标导向化近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别，定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一，所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中，应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握，同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2015年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。02 定义 概念清晰化冠词是一种虚词，不能在句子中作独立成分，要用在名词的前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在，因此，可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中，冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种：不定冠词一般用于单数名词前，表示泛指；定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可)，又可修饰不可数名词，表示特指。03 知识归类 知识网络化不定冠词a(an)分类图解用法例子1.a用在辅音音素前，an用在元音音素前。this is a useful book.he is an honest boy.2.用于第一次提到的、表示人或物的可数的单数名词前，表示“一个”，相当于one。here is a map of the united states.i have a story book.3.用在可数的、单数形式的普通名词前，表示价格、速度、时间、频率等度量上的“每一”等。an apple a day keeps the doctor away.we take computer lessons once a week.4.抽象名词在某些情况下可以与不定冠词连用，表示“一种、一场”等。its a pleasure to have a chat with you.5.用在单数名词前，表示一类人或物中的任何一个。the sun is a star.a knife is used for cutting.6.用在序数词前表示“又一、再一”等。he copied the article a third time.7.用于固定短语中。have a look, a lot of, have a good time, a little, a few特例清单1.有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但使用不定冠词an。如：hour和honest以辅音字母h开头，但h并不发音，因此用an。2.有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但使用不定冠词a。如：useful和university以元音字母u开头，但u发/音，故使用a。3.表示成套的东西时，两个并列的名词前只能用一个不定冠词。如：a knife and fork一套刀叉a table and chair 一套桌椅4.不可数名词前一般不用冠词，但如果具体化，表示一个具体的情况、动作或某一类事物时，可以用不定冠词a或an。如：have a smoke?抽支烟吧？no, thanks. i gave up smoking long time ago.不了，谢谢，我早戒了。tom started at a walk but soon broke into a run.汤姆开始时步行，但一会儿就奔跑起来了。【题组训练】( )1.(2014来宾)would you like_ new blue t-shirt，mary?sorry，mom. i prefer _ orange one.a.a;a b.a;anc.an;a d.an;an( )2.(2014曲靖)have you seen the film dad，where are we going?yes.its _ interesting one.a.a b.anc.the d./( )3.(2014丽水)mrs. smith has _ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.a.a b.anc.the d.不填( )4.(2014重庆)i have _ english dictionary and it helps me a lot.a.a b.anc.the d./( )5.(2014镇江)we can live a better life if we create _ less polluted world.a.the b.anc.a d.不填定冠词the分类图解用法例子1.用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前，表示特指。tom, come to the blackboard, please.2.用于再次被提到的名词前。there is a book on the desk. the book is toms.3.和一些名词连用，表示类别。the light bulb was invented by edison.4.用于被形容词、介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。hand me the new book, please.5.用于形容词的最高级或序数词前。tom is the tallest in our class.6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。the sun, the moon, play the piano7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。the turners are at breakfast table.8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。the young should help the old.9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the great wall, the united states10.用于一些固定短语中。by the way, in the end【题组训练】( )6.(2014永州)the little girl began to play _ violin at the age of five.a.a b.the c.不填( )7.(2014十堰)can you play _ guitar?sure. its a piece of cake for me.a.a b.anc.the d./( )8.(2014嘉兴)whats the matter with you?i cant remember where i parked _ car.a.a b.anc.the d.不填( )9.(2014淮安)beijing is one of _ biggest cities in china.a.a b.anc.the d./( )10.(2014威海)mom，i like _ green t-shirt. could you buy it for me？a.a b.anc.the d.不填不用冠词的情况分类图解用法例子1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。paper is made of wood.2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。go along this road.every student likes english in our class.3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。my parents are teachers.4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。today is childrens day.its hot in summer.5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。he went to school without breakfast.lets play football after school.6.在某些固定短语中。in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school特例清单1.如果三餐名词之前有定语修饰时，可加不定冠词。如：we had a wonderful lunch.我们吃了一顿很好的午餐。he gave me a good supper.他请我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。2.如果特指某顿饭时，可加定冠词。如：the supper was different from that one.这顿饭和那顿饭不同。how did you like the dinner they gave?你们觉得他们提供的饭怎么样？3.如果季节、月份或日期名词被一个限定词修饰时，前面可加定冠词。如：he came to beijing in the winter of 1999.他是1999年冬天来北京的。i bought the bike in the may of 2004.这辆自行车是我2004年的5月份买的。4.由festival组成的中国特有的节日前要加定冠词the。如：the spring festival春节；the lantern festival 元宵节。5.某些短语中有无冠词the，意义会大不相同。如：(1)go to school去上学；go to the school到(所指)的学校去(2)at table用餐，在吃饭；at the table在桌边(3)in hospital生病住院；in the hospital 在医院里(并非生病住院)(4)in front of在前面(范围之外)；in the front of 在前部(范围之内)(5)by sea(=by ship)乘船，走水路；by the sea 在海边(6)in class在上课；in the class在班上(7)in place of替代；in the place of 在地方【题组训练】( )11.(2014内江)would you like to come to my party this afternoon?id like to，but my mother is ill in _ hospital，i will go to_ hospital to see her.a.不填;a b.a;thec.the；the d.不填;the( )12.(2014兰州)she likes playing _ piano; her brother likes playing _ basketball.a.the;a b.a:thec./;the d.the;/( )13.(2014邵阳)the young man in a blue coat is my pe teacher. he often plays _basketball with us.a.the b.a c./( )14.(2014泰州)lu jailed，14，from _ hangzhou foreign language school，won _ first place in the cctv character spelling contest(中国汉字听写大会).a./;the b.a;the c.a;a d./;a( )15.(2014广东)eric is not going to nanjing by _ plane. instead，he is taking _ train.a./;a b.a;/ c.a;the d.the;a04 整合集训 反馈层级化( )1.david is from _ european country and he is _honest boy.a.a;a b.a;an c.an;a d.an;an( )2.beijing is _ capital of china and it is _ city with many places of interest.a.a;a b.a;the c.the;a d.the;the( )3.would you like some dumplings for _ supper?but we just had dumplings on _ tuesday.a.a;the b.the;a c.a;a d./;/( )4.what was professor wang doing at this time yesterday?she was giving her students _ lesson on _ history.a.a;/ b.a;an c.the;the d.the;a( )5. _whites were watching tv when _ telephone rang.a.a;a b.a;the c.the;the d./;a( )6.why did you laugh just now?dad wanted to tell me _ very funny story, but he forgot _ end himself.a.a;an b.an;the c.the;a d.a;the( )7.how was _ dinner at mikes house?it was great.mikes mum is _wonderful cook.a.a;the b.the;a c.the;the d.a;an( )8.he has tried twice, and he is asked to have _ third try.a.the b.a c.an d./( )9.excuse me.do you have any books about _ moon?yes,they are on _ shelf over there.a.a;a b.a;the c.the;/ d.the;the( )10.i like playing _ chess,while my brother is interested in listening to _ music.a./;/ b.the;the c.the;/ d.a;the( )11.there is _ airport in our city,and it is _ first one in our province.a.a;the b.an;/ c.a;/ d.an;the( )12.theres _ ball on the ground. would you please pass _ ball to me?with pleasure.a.the;the b.the;ac.a;a d.a;the( )13.we have raised a lot of money for _ poor in our country.a.an b./ c.a d.the( )14.we usually go to _ school on weekdays,and sometimes go to _cinema at weekends.a./;the b.the;thec.the;/ d./;/( )15.how long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?it takes you _ hour or more to go to my hometown by _ train.a.an;a b.a;a c.an;/ d.a;/( )16.where are my shoes,mum?ive washed them for you.you have to wear _ different pair.a.the b.a c.an d./( )17.look!there is _ useful book on the desk. _book must be lucys.she left there just now.a.a;the b.the;thec.an;the d.an;a( )18.can xie xiaojun play _ piano?yes.she can play a little. she has made _ decision to learn to play more music.a.the;the b.a;ac.a;an d.the;a( )19.i have got _ a for my english mummy.oh,boy,you have really given me _ pleasant surprise.a.an;/ b.an;a c.a;the d.a;/( )20.many young people are interested in _ secrets behind l