外文翻译---3G技术.docx

附录A 外文原文3G Technology3G is a global development of communication standards and technologies. This development will lead to your being able to access multimedia services with your mobile phone. You may have seen terms in the news like GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, and UMTS. All of these are concepts related to development of mobile communication networks to 3G. Although the technology behind 3G may seem complicated, the ways in which 3G will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine. Just imagine having a combined camera, videocamera, computer, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone. Rich-media information and entertainment will be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wireless network. Mobile communication is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences. But not all of this will happen at once. 3G is an evolution to a communications ideal that we cannot see the end of yet. We do know that mobile multimedia will hit the Japanese markets, and Europe and North America will follow soon after. We also know that, regardless of whether you find new technologies intimidating or fascinating, 3G will bring a host of mobile services that will bring more information, more efficiency, and more joy to your life.3G brings together high-speed mobile access and Internet Protocol (IP)-based services into one powerful environment. The step towards IP is vital. IP is packet-based, which in simple terms, means users can be online at all times, but with-out having to pay until we actually send or receive data. The connectionless nature of IP also makes access a lot faster: file downloads can take a few seconds and we can be connected to our corporate network with a single click. This doesnt just mean fast mobile connection to the World Wide Web by liberating us from slow connections, cumbersome equipment and immovable access points, 3G will enable new ways to communicate, access information, conduct business and learn.3G introduces wideband radio communications, with access speeds of up to 2 mbps. Compared with todays mobile networks, 3G will significantly boost network capacity so operators will be able to support more users, as well as offer more sophisticated services.The GSM standard is continually evolving to incorporate new technologies, making it the most popular mobile communication standard on a global level.Subscriber growth in Africa over the past 3 years has been very rapid and it shows no sign of abatement. Voice communication has been the driving force behind the subscriber growth. However, we are beginning to see narrowband data, such as SMS, starting to generate significant revenue for network operators and solution providers.It is hoped that high speed, broadband data communication will continue to drive customer growth and spending even further. Naturally,the technology from a consumers point of view must be easy to use and be afford-able. Licence fees for 3G spectrums are proving to be very expensive and governments may have shot themselves in the foot before a single pack-et of data is transmitted, as invariably, this cost is passed on to the consumer.Over half of the worlds population have never made a telephone call and this is certainly true for Africa. Should governments and network operators be worrying about high speed data, or should they simply be providing voice service with limited fax and data capabilities i.e. current wireless technology such as GSM or DECT?3G is a generic term covering a range of future wireless network technologies, including Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard (UMTS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), cdma2000, and Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE).From mobile multimedia through to machine-to-machine communications, 3G is going to be the catalyst for a whole new set of mobile services, enabling us to access advanced services anywhere, anytime. Well be freed from the confines of cables, fixed access points and low connection speeds.3G-At home 3G is going to affect our home and social lives in many ways.The services that 3G enables will help us to manmage our personal information,simplify tasks such as grocery shopping,make better use of our time and offer services that are just fun to use.Operators will be able to develop myriad new service opportunities to attract and retain new customers.Here are some examples:Youre sitting on a train and use this “dead”time to log on to your bank account,check your balance and pay a few bills-all through your 3G device.You save time and can be smarter about managing your finances. On a touring vacation,you arrive in a new city,You havent made any reservations in advance,because you can do this when you get there,by using your 3G handset to obtain up-to-date information,including hotel vacancies.Having booked a room,you can use your mobile to view video clips of local tourist attractions and talk to someone from the local tourist information bureau at the same time.3G-At work 3G will not just support the needs of business people who travel a lot,but will also help new,flexible working practices,such as home-working and remote access to corporate netwotks outside traditional working hours.Business people are often high-volume ratime users,so they represent a big oppprtunity for mobile operators.Here are some examples:At work you receive amessage from “smart”refrigerator at home.The message tells that certain items need restocking and an order has already been groceries are ready to collect on the way home.You are on the road,and urgently need to discuss a draft presentation with a number of colleagues back in the office.Pulling into a service station,you use your 3G device to hold a telemeeting with you colleagues and,at the same time,you can all view the draft presentation and make changes on line.A maintenance engineer is repairing some equipment on a clients premises and hits a problem.Using his 3G devices,he cantacts his department and downloads a demonstration video that guides him through the repair process.3G TECHNOLOGY3G brings together two powerful forces: wide-band radio communications and IP-based servic-es. Together, these lay the groundwork for advanced mobile internet services, including personalised portals,infotainment， mobile commerce and unified messaging encompassing high-speed data, superior quality voice and video and location-based services.Making 3G a reality depends on technology developments in different areas. These include amendments to the radio interface to support wideband communications and in the core net-work. Supporting technologies, such as WAP and Bluetooth, also have an important role to play.This section provides a brief overview of some of the main technologies and development involved.Ericsson supports all of these technologies and has played an active role in their development.GPRSThe introduction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is one of the key steps in the evolution of GSM networks to 3G, and GSM operators around the world are upgrading their networks, with a view to launching commercial GPRS services in 2001.With the capability to charge per data bit sent and received, customers will be able to pay only for usage. GPRS will offer a tenfold increase in data throughput rates, from 9.6 kbps to 115 kbps. GPRS will allow innovative services to be created, enabling new and previously inaccessible market segments to be addressed, increasing customer loyalty and reducing churn. Machine-to- machine and person-to-machine communications will become possible.WCDMAWideband Code Division Multiple Access is the radio access technology selected by ETSI in January 1998 for wideband radio access to support third-generation multimedia services.Optimised to allow very high-speed multimedia services, the technology will provide access speeds at up to 2 mbps in the local area and 384 kbps wide area access with full mobility. These higher data rates require a wide radio frequency band, which is why WCDMA with 5MHz carrier has been selected; compared with 200KHz carrier for narrowband GSM. WCDMA can be added to the existing GSM core network and equipment to be reused to a large extent.EDGE Enhanced Date Rates for Global Evolution enables GSM and TDMA operators to offer 3G services using existing network frequencies.By making changes and additions to standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone network,as well as the migration to All-IP and multimedia networks.CDMA2000 In networks based on CDMA the most likely route to 3G services is cdma2000. cdma2000 will not only boost the data rates of CDMA networks, and provide a broader range of services, but will also offer nearly double the voice capacity of todays CDMA networks. cdma2000 is also approved by the ITU as a 3G standard.BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is set to change the way we communicate and interconnect with our digital devices; in the office, in the home and while on the move its application potential is virtually unlimited. Within a couple of years, all the things that are now connected by cable will be wireless.The Bluetooth radio is built into a small microchip and operates in a globally available frequency band ensuring communication compatibility worldwide. Mobile internetPresently, there are two major internet trends emerging being broadband fixed internet access and mobile internet access. Broadband will evolve to offer more and varied multimedia type content. Mobile internet will have less band-width, but will offer the convenience and benefit of always available and relevant services to subscribers. The four key mobile internet focus areas are media and entertainment, retail (m-commerce and the wireless wallet), travel and transport, banking and finance. The internet revolution is just beginning Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer, recently said, “One of the greatest misconceptions is that we are right in the middle of the internet and e-commerce revolution. We are very much at the beginning. That which is to come will vastly eclipse what we have seen so far.”Satellite systemsWhere there are no cellular base stations, the next option is to use satellite services. Traditionally they have been very bulky and very expensive, today they are hand portable and affordable to corporations. The Satelan system makes use of Inmarsats M4 and mini-M voice technology with a constellation of geostationary satellites. It can turn any part of the African continent into an instant office. The 4 kg unit folds down to an A4 footprint, supports 64 kbps data rates and comes in at US $7500 for the hardware.Satelan will be aimed almost exclusively at corporate users, as voice and fax charges will hover around US $3 a minute and high speed data services will cost about US $7.50 a minute. Another expected use is the set-up of instant remote offices where telecommunications is difficult or impossible to obtain quickly. British Telecom says it will bundle two Satelan terminals, eight PC workstations, a Cisco router, a video conferencing unit and 12 DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Tele-communications) cordless handsets.附录B 中文译文3G技术 3G是全球发展的通讯标准和技术，这项发展将会让你用自己的手机使用多媒体服务。你或许在报纸上看到过像GPSR,EDGE,WCDMA和UMTS之类的术语，所有的这些都是关于开发针对3G移动通讯网络的相关概念。虽然3G后面的技术可能很复杂，但是3G将会在我们生活中产生的影响是很容易想象的。仅仅想象一下你在移动电话中加入照相机、摄像机、计算机、音响以及收音机功能。这样无论何时在任何地方你都可以通过无线网络获得大量的媒体信息和娱乐。 移动通信正在从单一的语音通信像向多媒体方向转变，由此加深我们对外界的感觉。 但不是所有的这些会立刻发生。3G只是一种通讯方式的演变我们并不能完全掌握它的发展进程，我们唯一可以确信的是移动多媒体通信将会冲击日本市场，而且欧洲和北美也将很快发展多媒体通信市场。我们也确信，无论你感觉这项新的技术无趣或者迷人，3G 都将会为移动服务带来更多的信息更高速的息率和更多的生活乐趣。3G在带来高速的语音通信之外还记忆IP为基础的服务为一身，有强大的发展环境。向IP方向发展是至关重要的。IP技术是以简单的数据包传输为基础的，可以使用户同时上网，但是不必花钱直到我们真正发送或接受数据。IP的自然无连接性可以大大提高存取速率；文件下载只需要很短时间，而且只需轻轻一点就能和网络连接上。这不仅仅只是意味着移动快速接入万维网，3G还将使新的通讯方式、信息获取、处理商务和学习成为可能。3G采用多频率通讯技术，并且达到2Mbit/s的的通路速度，与现在的移动网络相比，3G会极大的提高网络容量-因此也能支持更多的使用者，同时也能提供更多复杂精细度的服务。GSM标准在不断发展以吸收新技术，使它成为全球范围内最流行的移动通信标准。在过去3年用户在非洲的增长一直非常迅速而且并没有显示消减的迹象。语音通信已经成为用户增长背后的驱动力。然而，我们开始看到窄频带数据，如短信，开始为网络运营商和解决方案供应商带来可观的收入。高速宽带数据通信将继续推动客户增长和消费进的一步发展被人们所期望。当然，从消费者的角度来看技术必须易于使用和可负担得起。对3G频谱牌照费被证明是非常昂贵，在一个单独的数据包传输之前政府可能在自己的脚上开枪，因为必然，这笔费用转嫁到了消费者身上。 全球超过一半的人口从来没有打过一个电话，这当然是对非洲如此。各国政府和网络运营商应该担心的是高速的数据，还是仅仅只是提供语音和数据能力有限的传真服务，例如当前的无线技术GSM或者DECT？ 3G是涵盖了许多未来无线网络技术的一个基本术语，包括通用移动通信标准（UMTS）的，通用分组无线业务（GPRS），宽带码分多址接入（WCDMA），CDMA2000和增强型数据速率GSM演进技术（EDGE）。 从通过机器对机器通信的移动多媒体，3G将会是一个全新的移动服务的新设备的催化剂，使我们随时随地能够获得先进的服务。我们将摆脱电缆，固定接入点和连接速度低的局限 3G在家庭中的应用3G将通过许多途径影响我们的家庭和社会生活。3G服务将为我们管理个人信息提供帮助，简单的任务例如在食品杂货店，如何合理的利用时间来提高我们的服务就是非常生动的应用。经营者可以提出许多新的服务项目来吸引并留住新顾客。这里有一些例子： 你可以利用乘坐火车的时间来登入你的银行账号，检查你的收支是否平衡还可以支付一些账单-所有这些都通过3G实现。你在节约时间的同时整理了你的财务。 在休闲度假中，你到了一个新的城市。你没有提前做任何预定，因为你可以到达之后通过3G手机获得最新信息，包括旅馆空缺。订好房之后你可以用手机查阅当地的旅游胜地还可以同时与别人交流旅游信息。3G-在工作中的应用3G不仅仅只是满足很多经常出差的商人的需要，也将会有助于新兴的。轻松的工作，例如你可以在家通过网络进行贸易。商人是关注电视节目时间最长的人，因此他们为手机设计者描述了一个很大的商机。以下是一些例子： 在工作中你收到家中智能电冰箱的一个信息，信息告诉你，冰箱中的一些事物需要更换了，并且这些需要的东西的清单已经准备发往杂货店，如果你同意杂货店将会为你准备好所有的东西。在你旅途中急切的需要与在办公室中的同事讨论草稿发表，到一个服务车站你使用你的3G装置和你的同事举行电话会议，与此同时，你可以看到全部草稿的发表并可以在线做出改变。一个维修工程师正在修理客户提出的仪器并遇到了问题，使用3G装置他可以与部门联络，下载示范录像指导他修理。3G技术3G有二个有利得优势：宽带语音通信和以IP为基础的服务。综合在一起，这些为先进的移动网络服务奠定了基础，包括个性化入口，娱乐信息节目，移动商贸和统一标准的信息传送围绕高速数据传输提高音频视频的质量和基于本地的服务。 使3G变为事实需要依靠不同地区相关技术的发展。这包括改善无线通信接口以支持宽频带通信和网络核心，支