2011届中考英语语法专题复习.ppt

一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问 题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。 二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问 题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起 首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一 想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答 题。 三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节 内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1 抓住四个“W“和一个“H“，就是边读边用铅笔做 些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where （地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。 抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌， 一些直接性的问题便可解决。 2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词 、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进， 转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的 特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系 ，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等 手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。 3 注意领会文章的寓意。 4根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题 ，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的 ，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答 案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查 阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以 排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出 答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概 括、归纳得出正确答案。 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析 ，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相 关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词 来得出正确答案。 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和 所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍 表示同一含义。 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和 常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答 案。 四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最 后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍； 用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联 系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查 ，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。 典型例题分析 根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项 。 Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. “Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot,“ said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）. Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out? Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被烧完）。 1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _. A. at the age of sevenB. seven years old C. in the year of 1898D. more than（超 过）80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _. A. it was in the holeB. it was very hot C. it was orange D. it was harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world? A. Theres only one.B. Its hard to say. C. There are 260.D. The article（文章）doesnt tell us. 4. Whats one of the best ways to put out（扑灭） the underground fire? A. To cover（覆盖）the holes with stones（石 块）. B. To speed up the fires. C. To see the fires burning. D. To do some experiments（试验）. 5. What is the best title（标题）for the article? A. Watching the Underground - Fire. B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires. C. The Burning Earth. D. Coal and Coal Fires. 分析 1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven，故正确答 案为 A 。 2这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接 回答题。正确答案为 B。 3这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接 回答题。正确答案为 C。 4在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那 就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为 B。 5完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给 出直接的回答。文章从Mr Brown两次看火，然后说出地 下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段 是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章 的中心。故正确答案为 B。 一、根据文章内容判断正误 Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.” Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time. At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either. Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!” ( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre. ( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often. ( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant. ( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early. ( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets. 1、T 因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife “Ive got two free tickets” “free” 此处是免费的意思。 2、F 第二段中提到“They hadnt been to the theater for a long time.” 3、F 第一段中Fred说“Meet me outside the office.” 4、T 第二段中“in time”是及时的意思。5T 结尾处提到的。 作业 v My name is Mary Connor. Im American and Im a nurse in Rosewood Hospital. Im 20 and single(独身). My hobbies are tennis and computer games. My brother is also a nurse. Our parents are from the USA but we live in Brighton now. My mother is a painter(画 家) and my father is a doctor. I like a penfriend from China or Japan. Please write to: 63 Lily Road, London SWL, Englan