2006年产业技术成果转化项目可研报告.doc

ways similar to laos, although it has twice the population. at another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in her country couldnt read or write. her village couldnt even afford to build a school, so she had to teach outside under a large tent. when we said goodbye, we all felt very lucky to have studied in college.back on the road, we passed between many hills and forests. then we came to the plains and entered phnom penh,the capital of cambodia. in many ways it looked like vientiane and ho chi minh city; it also had wide streets with trees in rows and old french houses.unlike vientiane, ships could travel the mekong river here.in the center of the city we visited the palace and a beautiful white elephant. it can only be seen outside the palace on special days. we ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floors made of sliver.the next morning our group slept late. we were very tired from the long bike ride the day before. cycling in the hills had been diffcuilt.now our couins had the chance to make jokes about wangwei and me. perhaps,they said,they were the strong ones!we had lunch at a nice outdoor cafe,then rode out of the city.two days later we crossed the border into vietnam. we began to see many more people,but i wasnt surprised .i read in an atlas before our trip that vietnam has almost seven times the population of cambodia. we met a farmer who gave us directions and told us that he grows a new rice crop four times every year so he can feed more people.he also told us that the northern part of his country has many mountains and it is much cooler than here in the south,where it is flat.although the flat delta made it easier for us to cycle.we got warm very quickly.so we drank lots of water and ate lots of bananas.soon the delta separated into nine smaller rivers.two days later,after we had passed thousands of rice fields,we came to the sea. we were tired but also in high spirits:our dream to cycle along the mekong river had finally come true.unit 4a night the earth didt sleep strange things were happening in the countriside of northest hebei.for there days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. a smelly gas came out of the cracks. in the farmeryards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.at about 3:00am on july 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.the sound of the planes could be heard outside the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night. at3:42 am everything began to shake.it seemed as if the world was at an end!eleven kilometres directly below the city the greast earthquake of 20th century had begun. it was felt in beijing,which is more thantwo hundred kilometres away. one-third of the nation felt it .a huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.steam burst from holes in the ground. hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. in fifteen terrible seconds a large lay in ruins.the suffering of the people was extreme. tow-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.thounds of families were killed and many chidren were left without parents. the number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.but how could the survivors believe it was natural?everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. all of the citys hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were gone. bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. no wind, however,could below they away. two dams and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. the railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. sand now filled the wells instead of water. people were shocked. then later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook tangshan. some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. more buildings fell down. water,food, and eletricity were hard to get. people began to wongder how long the disater would last. all hope was not lost. soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soliders to tangshan to help the rescue workers. hundreds of thousands of people were helped. the army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the dead. to the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. fresh water was taken to the city by train,truck and plane. slowly, the city began to breathe again. a safe home it is sad but that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it than just keeping buildings from falling down. so if your home is in an earthquake area,you should prepare carefully before the earthquake comes. first, make sure you buy a house which is earthquake safe. all pipes should be fixed to the wall and all walls should be especially thick and strong. you also have to make sure that there are bolts underneath your house. they are one of the most important ways of protecting a house. make sure the building has no breaken windows and is well repaired. second ,look at the objects in your house. those in the living room,which are the most likely to hurt us, are computers, televisions and lamps. they can be tied to tables or them so they wont easily move around. the kitchen, which is also very dangerous, must have strong doors on all the cupboards. this is the place where many small things are stored that might fall down. the water heater should have a case round it too. windows are special problem. when they break, glass can cause many accidents,. it is better to use safety glass if you can, especially for pictures. always remember:” it is better to be safe than sorry.” the story of an eyewitnessby jack london never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. san francisco is gone. nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre of the city. its buniness are gone. the factories,hotelsand palace are all gone too. within an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of sanfrancios fires could been seen 160 kilometres away. the sun is red in the dark sky. there was no stopping the fires. there was no way to organize or communicate. the steel railway tracks were now useless. and the great pipes for carrying water under the streets had burst. all of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirty second the earth moved. out at sea it was calm. no wind came up. yet from every direction-east,weast,north,andsouth,strong winds blew upon the unlucky city. man himself had to make ruins of the citys best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. a list of buildings undesteryed was now only a few addresses. a list of the brave men and the women would fill a library. a list of all those killed will never be made. amazing as it may seem, wednesday night was a quiet night. there were no crowds. the policemen saidnothing; even their horses were quit. there were no shouts or people doing crazy things. in all those terrible hours i saw not one woman who cried, not one man who was excited. before the fires, through the night, thousands and thousands of people who had lost their homes left for safety. some were covered in blankets. sometimes whole families put everything they owned and could save into wagons. they helped one another climb the high hills around the city. never in all sanfrsncios histroy were her people so kind as on that terrible night.unit 5elias storymy name is elias. i am a poor worker in southafrica. the time when i first met nelson mandela was a very difficult period of my life. i was twelve years old. it was in 1952 and mandela was the black lawyer to whom i went for advice. he offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. he was generous with his time, for which i was grateful.i needed his help because i had very little education. i began school at six. the school where i studied for only two years was three kilometers away. i had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. i could not read or write well. after trying hard, i got a job in a gold mine. however, this was a time when one had to got to have a passbook to live in johannesburg. sadly i did not have第一章 项目承担单位的基本情况一、 企业基本情况单位名称：合肥启德电力科技有限责任公司法定代表人：朱智杰 注册资本：50万元通讯地址：合肥市太湖路111号瀚海星座a座2509室邮政编码：230000电 话传 真肥启德电力科技有限责任公司是一家集电力系统软硬件研发，营销为一体的高新技术企业。公司地址位于全国重要的科研教育基地，国家级皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区的核心城市合肥，拥有一批在电力系统长期从事技术研究和服务的专业人员。 公司自成立以来,本着立足于电力、服务于社会的企业宗旨，在电力系统软硬件开发，光电通讯及信息化技术方面有着丰富的人力及物力资源，长期的合作形成了一批来自于电力公司，电力研究院以及电力设计院的各部门各专业的优秀人才组成的技术团队。 公司技术力量雄厚，聘请了一批优秀的在电力系统行业中担任管理及技术职务的专业人才作为公司顾问，常年在公司进行技术指导和人员培训，并通过对实际工程的精心指导和严格把关，使公司技术人员的专业知识水平得到了快速提升，并从中积累了许多为各级电力系统单位合作的实际经验。同时，凭借深厚的行业底蕴和客户基础，利用自身优秀的技术团队、研发能力及综合服务能力，深入了解行业客户业务及需求，系统流程，对进行深入理解的基础上，开发出了新一代的远程视频监控系统及电力调度自动化系统等包括电力系统在内的各个行业的适用性信息技术软件，并且已经在客户中逐步推广开来，得到了广大电力系统用户一直的好评。并且我公司和各大电力集团通力合作，共同建设电力信息标准化数据平台。 致力于把启德电力科技打造成高，精，尖的具有市场导向力的新型现代化公司。 “开启未来，以德为本”，这是启德赖以生存的宗旨，行业的肯定，客户的信任，促使启德迸发出高昂的激情，面对更具有挑战性的市场，启德电力将秉承诚信，务实，合作，创新的企业理念，锐意进取，不断创新，矢志成为所在领域的佼佼者，引领行业新发展。二、企业法人代表及管理层素质1、企业法定代表人2、公司管理层三、企业技术力量及研发水平公司现有员工20人,平均年龄27岁,其中大专文化水平以上的有20人,占员工总数的100%。公司拥有以易波为学术带头人，以博士、硕士及留学回国人员为主体的科研开发队伍，其中博士8人，硕士18人；留学回国人员10人。几年来，公司加大科研开发力度,技术开发费用占销售收入的比例一般都在8%以上。近三年来技术开发投入情况见表近年来技术开发投入情况表序号指 标2003年2004年2005年1销售收入（万元）2301379952762技术开发费330480 625其中：研究开发费255341 5303研究开发费占销售收入比例119 10.1公司先后承担并完成国家自然科学基金、安徽省“十五”科技攻关项目、安徽省科技攻关项目等重大科研课题12项，相继开发出30余种新产品,取得省部级以上科技成果3项，开发国家级重点新产品3项，拥有国家专利2项。近期科研成果如表所示：序号产品名称特点及进展情况12345678910111213141516171819四、企业运营与管理1、公司制度建设 公司早在2011年就建立起了比较规范的现代企业管理制度，完善了法人治理结构，采取扁平化管理模式，科学地建立公司的组织机构，明确各个部门的职责，从产品研发，人力资源，生产组织，市场推广，财务管理，到知识产权的管理等各方面都制定了相应的管理制度和规范，真正做到“产权明晰、权责分明、管理规范”。公司组织机构如下人力资源部财务部副总经理行政部办公室采购部项目部总经理总工程师工程部技术部营销部市场推广部市场部商务部副总经理2、 质量管理体系作为科技型企业，我们从来就把研发与技术看作公司的生命线，因此，我们于2011年在按照iso9001：2000标准建立公司的质量管理体系时，特别注重设计开发的过程管理。从项目的立项开始，必须经过市场调研、设计输入和设计输出的评审（包括指标的确定、技术路线和开发方案等）、样机试制前必须有详细的试制方案，产品定型必须经过试验、检测、验证和确认等等环节，在每一环节都有明确的要求，总的原则是以顾客为关注焦点，充分考虑其先进性、适用性和稳定性。在每项成果转化生产前，公司都要组织相关技术人员制定产品标准和验收规范，包括原材料、外购件、外协件的验收规范。对每个岗位都按照工效学的原则编制生产工艺和操作规程，以保证其正确性、安全性、高效性。对发现的问题，马上采取纠正措施，并举一反三，查找并纠正类似问题。公司人力资源部 每年都制订培训计划，采取内部培训、送外培训、选拔深造、举办讲座等方法和形式，对员工进行轮训，并将此纳入绩效考核内容，形成良好的学习风气。3、企业信息化建设公司在2011年就建立了自己的网站，同时在企业内部建立局域网，在所有部门包括末梢部门如供应、生产、销售等环节都普及计算机的应用，这样利用网络资源进行深层的挖掘，利用计算机技术进行信息处理和辅助管理，不同部门间的数据信息可以共享，设计、管理、生产的数据能进行交流，企业实现网络化、数字化环境：基本实现研发、生产、财务和客户管理、营销等各环节的信息化整合，实现企业内部的资源共享，大大提高企业的管理决策水平、技术创新能力、经济运行质量和经济效益；2011年公司信息化建设开始向“以客户为中心”实施战略转移。把企业内部信息系统向客户和供应商两端延伸，带动整个供应链实现信息化。 4、企业主要业绩五、企业财务状况近年来，公司主营业务稳步增长，市场占有率逐年扩大，十多个系列高科技产品已推广到全国二百多个大中城市电力管理部门及市政系统，受到广大用户的好评。第二章 申报项目的主要内容一、项目名称及其说明 项目名称：电力调度自动化系统本可研报告是在结合县级及地级电网调度自动化现状与需求提出的调度自动化系统工程实施建设方案。通过调度自动化系统项目的实施，将极大的提高电网自动化运行水平，提高电网系统的可靠性，提高供电质量，提高调度及电网运行管理部门的工作效率。该系统建成后，能够随着公司电网的发展逐渐扩展，满足公司对调度自动化系统可持续应用等企业发展策略的要求，将产生极大的经济效益和社会效益。调度自动化系统建设方案采用适用于调度中心内各种实时应用功能的实时信息系统平台，能够实现scada、agc、fes、pas、dts等电力应用功能的一体化集成，建成的应用一体化系统将具有国内先进的技术水平，性能稳定、功能丰富、体系结构完善、扩展灵活方便，具有很高的可用性和性价比。二、项目建设内容1、 产品方案扩改项目实施后设计年生产电力调度自动化系统10套/y，主要销往全国各电力管理部门。产品方案见表1。表1 建设项目产品方案工程类别产品名称技术规格生产能力（套/y）备注现有工程电力调度自动化系统qdon10原有远程网络视频监控系统qdjk200030原有扩建工程电力调度自动化系统qdon20扩增远程网络视频监控系统qdjk200050扩增2、 项目组成扩改项目由主体工程、辅助工程内容组成。项目组成及规模见表2。表2 项目组成及规模表工程类别主体工程电力系统工程扩改工程1. 扩建电力系统调度自动化系统，系统升级为地调，新增新模块5块/套，生产能力达到50套/a；1 新建调度自动化主站；2 完善调度，培训系统；3 完善管理功能。3、 建设内容调度自动化系统计算机网络结构应采用分布式开放局域网交换技术，双重化冗余配置，由1000m后台局域网交换机及100m前置交换机的二层结构组成。系统后台局域网采用1000mbit/s的双以太网网络结构，其骨干网为千兆网，位于安全区，数据采集服务器、scada服务器、历史数据服务器、调度员工作站、运行方式工作站、维护工作站、报表工作站都应直接接入千兆网；实时数据采集服务器配置4块网卡，分别接入骨干千兆网、前置数据采集百兆网，实时数据采集的终端服务器接入前置数据采集交换机的百兆网，每对数据采集终端服务器应能分别接入双网。web服务器接入管理信息大区交换机；安全区和信息管理大区通过电力专用隔离装置隔离，web服务器、专用隔离装置、防火墙及管理信息大区交换机构成对外信息交换的途径。4、项目计划目标项目主要目标序号指标名称单位数量备注1年新增产量套20指调度系统2年新增产值万元5003年新增销售收入万元4504年新增利润总额万元1505年新增上缴税金万元206投资回收期年2.877货款偿还期年2.808投资利润率%28.09投资利税率%43.410财务内部收益率%42.0511盈亏平衡点%35.66三、项目主要内容及所需条件所需条件（见表）序号名 称单 位数 据备 注1项目总投资万元1502新增固定资产投入万元303新增流动资金万元804新增建筑面积m220005新增工艺设备台/套20含cad/cam软件6新增检测试验设备台/套8含软件测试平台7新增人员人10四、项目实施的进度安排整个项目计划在一年内完成（2012年7月初至2013年7月底）。整个计划可用甘特图来直观表示：任务1：可研报告审批任务2：施工图设计任务3：项目资金落实到位任务4：系统选型任务5：生产工艺编制任务6： 编制产品检验规程任务7：外协件供方确定 任务8：外购件供方确定 任务9：检测软件采购、自制及检定任务10：营销计划实施 任务11：项目施工任务12：设备采购、安装调试任务13：生产人员培训任务14：流动资金落实到位任务15：试生产任务16：正式生产任务17： 质量管理体系建立、运行并认证任务18：准备资料进行项目竣工验收第三章、项目的技术水平与主要特点一、项目的技术水平与主要特点1、系统组成（产品） 1系统容量系统的容量在系统设计时不受限制，只与系统硬件配置有关。在本期工程中，系统配置至少满足如下指标，并可根据需要动态调整：rtu个数256遥信点数40000遥测点数20000电度点数20000遥控点数4000计算点数20000事故追忆5000soe数不限画面数不限曲线数不限数据采集通信波特率数字口300、600、9600波特模拟口300、600、1200波特2scada技术指标2.1设备的可靠性指标(1) 系统年可用率 99.99%。(2) 服务器、工作站及网络设备的mtbf30,000小时。(3) 外围设备的mtbf10,000小时。2.2系统的负载率指标(1) 电网正常状态下1) 在任意5分钟内，服务器cpu的平均负荷率10%。2) 在任意5分钟内，mmi工作站cpu的平均负荷率15%。3) 在任意5分钟内，主站局域网的平均负荷率10%。 (主站局域网双网以分流方式运行时，每一网络的负载率应小于10%。任一网络故障时，单网络负载率不超过20%。)(2) 电网事故状态下1) 在任意30s内，服务器cpu的平均负荷率20%。2) 在任意30s内，mmi工作站cpu的平均负荷率50%。3) 在任意30s内，主站局域网的平均负荷率35%。2.3系统实时性指标(1) 遥测量越死区传送时间：从厂站端到ems主站mmi工作站上显示3s。(2) 遥信变位传送时间：从厂站端到ems主站mmi工作站上显示3s。(3) 遥控命令传送时间：从mmi工作站上显示到厂站端开始执行3s。(4) 遥调命令传送时间：从mmi工作站上显示到厂站端开始执行3s(直接控制模式)。(5) 全系统实时数据扫描周期120s(可调)，不同厂站可定义不同扫描速率。(6) 状态估计计算周期10600s(可调)，每次计算时间10 s 。(7) 安全分析周期130min(可调)， 每次计算时间30 s。对一天96点计划的校验时间10分钟。(8) 应用数据库刷新周期360秒可调。(9) 画面调用响应时间(从按键到显示完整画面时间)： 90%的画面2s，其它画面4s。(10) 画面实时数据刷新周期110s可调。2.4事件顺序记录（1) soe站间分辨率10ms（2) soe站内分辨率2ms2.5系统的准确率指标(1) 遥信动作准确率 = 100%(2) 遥控准确率100%(3) 遥调准确率99.99%2.6系统切换时间(1) 热备用方式10s(2) 温备用方式2min(3) 冷备用方式10min二、项目创新点及总体评价1、项目技术创新点为： 1实时监视控制功能实时监视控制功能应能为电网实时监视和控制提供更为全面和完善的手段或工具。除常规电网监视信息外，还能接收和显示电网二次系统的其它信息，如保护装置和安全自动装置信息等，使电网调度人员能更及时、准确和全面地掌握电网的实际运行状况。1.1. 数据采集和监视功能数据采集和监视功能应面向网络（模型），与其他应用软件共用一套网络模型，能够完善处理各种特殊接线方式，自动完成所有设备的动态拓扑着色、自动旁路代、自动对端代、自动平衡率计算等面向网络的功能。实现通过rtu和计算机通信等多种方式对实时数据进行采集处理，实时数据采集应支持带远方和主站时标的功能。实现对电力系统信息的监视、告警、存储和打印输出，可以方便的实现断面监视、备用监视和设备负载率等监视，并提供友好的人机界面。另外还可以实现事件顺序记录、事故追忆以及其它功能。实时数据的传输方式应能支持多种通信媒介、多种通信规约，支持双通道切换。对来源不同的数据(如rtu综自系统采集、数据网络通信、状态估计、人工置数等)应具有独立的质量标志和优先级别，系统可自动判别优选或人工选定采用何种数据。1.2. 一二次设备全面展示功能针对调控一体化系统的二次设备模型的扩展，调控一体化系统需要提供更多样、人性化的二次设备信号、量测的展示界面，并且能有效的结合原有ems系统的人机界面功能，实现一二次设备全面统一的展示界面软件。信号显示方式应至少包括图形、光字牌、事项显示窗以及历史事项检索等。1）系统对光字牌的处理分四类，本责任区总光字牌、厂站总光字牌、间隔总光字牌，间隔内光字牌等，除间隔内光字牌外，其它类光字牌都是下级光字牌的“或”结果。光字牌确认操作只能对间隔内的具体光字牌进行，用户可用参数控制的方法，将光字牌确认操作限制到只能在间隔图形上操作。光字牌的定义在数据库中完成，光字牌的计算是通过应用程序完成。新到间隔信号逐层闪光，调出间隔图清除本间隔的闪烁。2) 在事项显示窗内只显示调控监视重点信号，不显示soe信号。信号应按不同类别在不同区域显示，原则上按下列六个区域显示： 开关事故跳闸区：该区显示开关位置在非正常操作状态下由合到分变位信号。 事故信号区：由保护动作硬接点以及相应的事故类软报文组成。 异常信号区：显示异常类的软报文以及硬接点信号 状态信号区:显示反映电气设备运行状态的信号 遥测越限区:显示各负荷、电压、温度等遥测信息的越限信号。 全部信号区：汇总上述五个区的信号。事项显示窗应能按变电站、事项类别进行个性化定义。事项显示窗应具备多窗口显示功能，各窗口应能同时显示。各类信号应能以不同的颜色显示，其中开关事故跳闸及事故信号应显示红色。各类信号应能有不同的声音报警：开关事故跳闸及事故信号发警笛，异常发警铃，状态信号发提示音。3) 历史事项查询功能：应能选择变电站、间隔、设备、时间、信号类别等项目进行单项或综合检索且具备模糊检索功能。4) 地区调控中心监控系统应具备间隔和装置的检修手动挂牌功能，某间隔（装置）挂检修牌后，该间隔（装置）上送的遥信、遥测信号、保护软报文不在运行监控工作站上显示，但不影响调试。1.3. 智能信号分析软件专家系统中的常用的推理方法包括两类：1）逐一事件推理在告警事件发生后，可以根据每条告警信息作出推理，给出异常事故发生的原因及处理措施以及。必须将自动化系统采集的每个告警信号与知识库中归纳的告警信号种类建立起关联关系，即定义好每个信号所属的告警信号种类，形成逐一事件推理判断关系。推理判断可以人工灵活干预，关联关系可以逐条定义，也可以通过快速定义软件批量实现，提高关联效率。2）综合事件推理基于多个事件综合判断的判别逻辑。在一个“短时间”内，变电站某一单元设备连续发生多个事故或告警信号，这些连续发生信号是一个存在关联的有机整体，称为一个“综合事件”。这个综合事件中必然是由某个事故或异常引起，综合事件推理逻辑要根据发生的“综合事件”推理出该单元设备究竟发生了何种异常和事故，给出一个综合的判断和处理方案。“综合事件”逻辑推理方法包括两种：一种是穷举法，即某种事件的组合推理出一个异常事件；另一种是模糊推理法，只要在某单元设备上找到某个或多个事件，不管还有没有其他事件就推理出一个异常事件。1.4. 微机保护信号处理功能微机保护装置是变电站最重要的二次设备，是变电站设备运行监视、故障分析是最重要、详细的信息来源。为了提供变电站监控需要的详细设备运行信息，系统必须实现微机保护装置的iec 103格式（或常用的专用微机保护规约）软报文的接入，并提供功能可以将繁多的软报文信号和事项进行智能分析整理，以层次化、组织化的光字和事项展示。1.5. 调控信息分流功能针对调控一体化系统，调度员和集控员的职责不同，调度员主要监控电网层面的信号，集控员主要监控变电站设备层面的信号，因此在调控合一系统中，需要从数据采集，数据处理，人机显示等各个环节进行调控信息的分流，使得调度员和集控员能各取所需，互不干扰。2. 实时网络分析功能实时网络分析功能是电力应用软件的核心功能，运行的应用软件根据其分析目的建立一完整的执行序列,同时也为其它应用模块提供支持。其功能主要由实时网络拓扑分析、状态估计、调度员潮流、静态安全分析、在线网络等值等软件来实现，满足对电网的实时计算和分析，支持对电网的实时控制。3. 调度员培训仿真功能(dts)常规dts功能：模拟电网的实时、准实时过程，实现一、二次设备的图模一体化，能逼真模拟二次系统事故过程及电网事故后机组和电网的暂态、次暂态、动态过程。电网对调度人员进行基本技能和事故处理、故障恢复等技能的培训，提高调度人员的运行水平。具备与省调和地区电厂及地区各级县级调度进行联合反事故演习功能，具备演习全过程单步重演、演习评价功能。4. 可视化调度可视化调度是采用可视化技术为调度员提供更加形象和直观的可视化图形，将电网运行枯燥的数据用灵活的、实物化的、动态的方式，借助计算机图形显示技术进行显示，充分发挥了人脑的模糊识别功能，使系统运行人员更方便、更直观地了解当前系统的运行状态，以便其采取的运行控制措施更有效、更有针对性。数据显示是实现可视化的基础功能。描述电力系统运行状态的数据很多，这些数据的显示可归结为网络结构、节点数据和线路或支路数据等基本显示技术。可视化调度中除了常规的罗盘图、饼图、棒图、表盘显示、模拟量填充、温度计式、动态字符、动态图元等显示方式外，还包括电网动态潮流图、等高线显示及三维视图等多种显示方式。5web浏览服务ems的web子系统部署在安全区，具有数据服务与信息发布双重功能，以紧耦合方式和松耦合方式对外提供电网数据访问，这些数据包括电网模型信息数据、电网运行实时数据、电网历史数据、电网告警与事件数据等。这些数据完全是i区ems的数据镜像。同时，利用存储的描述数据、图形数据、实时数据，以web页面的形式发布电网运行的相关数据。6网络安全防护 系统严格按照全国电力二次系统安全防护总体方案的要求构筑系统的安全防护体系。坚持安全分区、网络专用、横向隔离、纵向认证的原则。系统采用数据库镜像代理服务技术实现web浏览和与其它系统的互连，并在web服务器和scada系统之间加入电力系统专用的物理隔离设备。有效的屏蔽外界的非法入侵、恶意攻击和病毒入侵。 系统先将scada系统的参数、实时数据、历史数据绝对单向地镜像到web服务器上，由web服务器统一向外部系统提供数据，web浏览及其它系统只能访问web服务器中的数据，而不能直接访问scada系统数据库中的数据，同时具有层次结构的权限管理，以适应多班组、多操作队的管理要求，可以按人员类型确定访问权限。7与其他系统的数据接口 主站系统与其他自动化系统进行数据通信，要求符合电监会5