托福写作连贯性讲解.ppt

coherence 托福写作连贯性讲解 do you agree or disagree with the following statement? the things we learn from our friends are more important than what we learn from our family. use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 阅读下面段落 while my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me to be strong. my friends have taught me how to feel independent. they have encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in life. on the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a very different way. when i was a child, she gave me advice such as “fight your own battles.” she said that so i would be strong because she could not always protect me. sometimes this was very difficult for me when i wanted my mother to help me, even though i knew her advice was important. do you know? 1.作文由两名训练有素的reader审 阅，他们将依据下列标准给作文 判分。 a.回答试题问题时， 是否能有效的 组织论点。 b. 作文中是否体现了文章的整体性 和连贯性。 2. 一篇结构严谨的文章通常由三部分组成：起始部分，主 体部分和结论。 每个主体段包括一个主题句，这个主题 句要通过一些事例、理由及其他起支撑作用的细节内容展 开。每个主体段都应支持全文的论点。在文章所有的主题 句和内容都支撑全文论点的前提下，就可以说文章具有了 整体性。 3. 几个主体段应按照最能有效支持文章主论点的顺序排列 。所以头脑风暴尤其重要。当主体段落有效地、符合逻辑 的写在一起时，文章便具有了连贯性。 4. 文章的连贯性就是各论点之间，各段落之间，各句子之 间有机的结合在一起。 范文一： 起始段 when i think about the lessons i have learned in my life, i find many similarities in what i learned from my friends and from my family. there are also differences. both kinds of lessons have been very important to me. however, when i consider them carefully, i know that the lessons from my family are more important. 主体段一： while my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me to be strong. my friends have taught me how to feel independent. they have encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in life. on the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a very different way. when i was a child, she gave me advice such as “fight your own battles.” she said that so i would be strong because she could not always protect me. sometimes this was very difficult for me when i wanted my mother to help me, even though i knew her advice was important. 主体段落二： furthermore, my family has taught me compassion and forgiveness. my younger brother taught me these qualities. i will never forget that once i was cruel to him because i was angry. my brother was afraid of the dark, but i turned off the lights to scare him. he was only six years old, and he was afraid and cried. however, later he asked me to read a book to him until he fell asleep. it was his way to forgive me. i can never forget how my little brother taught me how to forgive. i believe that our family teaches us the most important things because the lessons from family last longer. my family has taught me to be independent and strong, and this will help me during my whole life. moreover, they have taught me how to forgive, which is necessary for getting along with other people. in short, the lessons from my family were not always enjoyable, yet they are deeper in my heart. (word count: 340) 范文二 some people learn by reading about things. others learn by doing things. which of these methods of learning is better for you? use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. there are a lot of different ways for people to learn new things. people can learn by reading, or they can learn by doing things. for some people, learning is better either one way or the other. i prefer to learn by doing things because when i do something myself it becomes more real than when i read about it. 起始段落 主体段落一 i learned how to ride a bicycle and drive a car by experience. i rode a bicycle when i was six years old. because i could not read about it, i had to get on the bicycle and use my feet and hands. i could also learn from my mistake when i fell off my bicycle. similarly, i learned to drive a car by doing it. although i had to study a driving manual and take a test on a computer, i could not learn driving well until i practiced driving in a car. 主体段落二 learning mathematics is another example of learning by doing things. when i was in sixth grade, my teacher made the students measure our classroom. we measured the length and width of the room. therefore, we learned how to calculate the area of our classroom or any other room. this experience made mathematics become real for me. 主体段落三 finally, i learned how to use a computer by doing it. i tried to read the computer manual, but this was difficult for me because the book was very complex. i learned more when i sat at the keyboard and tried using several keys. of course, my teacher explained some things about the computer. however, i could learn best when i experienced it. 结尾段落 it is true that i have to learn some things by reading, such as history and literature. reading gives me important knowledge. however, for most skills that i need for my life, such as driving a car and using a computer, i must experience using them in order to learn the skills well. therefore, i prefer to learn through action. 练习 1. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? all high school students should be required to have three years of studying a foreign language. use specific examples and reasons to support your opinion. 2. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? the automobile is destroying our quality of life. use specific examples and reasons to support your opinion. 3. some people like to be the leader of a group. others like to be a member of a group in which another person is the leader. which do you prefer? use specific examples and reasons to support your opinion. 练习 4. employers should be required to provide smoking areas for their employees who smoke cigarettes. 5. so