虚拟语气的用法.doc

虚拟语气的用法 宁波光华学校 肖慧群虚拟语气，顾名思义就是假设一种不可能发生的事情，或想象中的事情，常含有与事实不符的意思。 i. if引导的虚拟语气时间从句结果主句与现在事实相反一般过去时（were/did）would/could /should /might+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时（had+been/done）would/could /should /might + have+动词过去分词与将来事实相反were to/should+动词原形would /could /should/might+动词原形eg : 1.if were a fish, i could swim in the river freely.2.if i had studied harder, i would have been admitted to a better university3.if i were to be given another chance, i would study harder.类似的用法有1.由某些连词如suppose, supposing（假设）=if , lest（惟恐，免得）,in case（以防） ,for fear that（恐怕）eg: supposing white were black, you would be right 2由并列连词but, otherwise ,or 连接的并列句，表转折。i am busy ,otherwise i would go 3。由某些介词with (有), without(如果没有) ,but for(若无) ,under(要是在)引出的介词短语，有意味，句子用虚拟。eg: we couldt have finished the work on time without your help. 注意：当在虚拟条件句中，将系动词were或助动词had, should, could置于从句之首时，可省略if，eg : if i were you, i would go there.=were i you, i would go thereif i had come earlier, i would not have missed this scene in the film.=had i come earlier, i would not have missed this scene in the film.在否定句中，否定词应放在主语之后，不可提前，也不可缩写。if he had not seen his brother, he would not have known the news=had he not seen his brother, he would not have known the news. ii.wish引导的虚拟宾语从句如果与现在事实相反，宾语从句用一般过去时。eg: i wish she were with me now 如果与过去事实相反，宾语从句用过去完成时。eg: i wish i had bought that house last year .如果与将来事实相反，宾语从句用+动词原形eg:i wish i would hold a birthday party next month.类似的用法有1。由would rather(宁愿), would sooner(宁愿) ,if only(要是。该多好啊)引导的宾语从语eg: 1.i would rather you were here now2. if only i knew that!2。由as if , as thought引导的方式状语从句谈论不可能或不真实的情形时，使用虚拟语气。eg: 1.she loved the little child as if she were his mother.2.after that, he acted as if nothing had happened.3.they look worried, as if something would happen .注意：当谈论可能或真实的事或情形时不用虚拟语气。eg: it looks as if im going to be busy.=im probably going to be busy.iii.由某些表主张，建议，要求，命令等词引出的名类名词性从句，一律用动词原形或should+动词原形，动词名词动词过分或形容词insist（坚持）insistanceinsistedsuggest（建议）suggestionsuggestedadvise（建议）adviceadvisedpropose（建议）proposalproposedorder（命令）orderorderedrequire（要求）requirementrequireddemand（要求）demanddemandedrecommend（推荐）recommendationrecommendedrequest（要求）requestrequestedeg :1. he suggests that she should do it again(宾语从句)2.his suggestion was that she should do it again(表语从句)3.it is suggested that she should do it again(主语从语)4.what do you think of his suggestion that she should do it again?(同位语从句) 类似的用法：1。某些表示必须，必要，重要，适当等形容词如necessary ,imperative, important, essential , vital ,proper 作表语，后接的主语从句同样用虚拟语气should+动词原形或动词原形eg: it is necessary that he (should )be here tomorrow2。某些表惊奇，失望，婉惜等感情的词sorry, surprised, disappointed, strange ,a pity, a shame ,no wonder作表语时有竟然的意味，后接的两种从句（主语从句或状语从句），从句同样用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或动词原形.eg: im sorry that she should fail in the exam.its strange that she should fail in the exam. 注意：当insist表坚持要某人做某事时用虚拟语气，而当表坚持说，坚持认为，表一种客观事实时用陈述语气。eg:i insist that a doctor should be sent for immediatelyi insisted that i hadnt broken the glass.当suggest表建议用虚拟语气，当表暗示时用陈述语气i suggest that we should set off at once.his pale face suggested that he was ill.iv.由it is/was about/high time that 引导的从句须用一般过去时或 should+动词原形。eg: it is high time that we got up /should get up now.v.有的条件句，主、从句动作时间不一致，叫错综时间条件句eg : if we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. 如果现在一切都没准备好，明天情况就糟了。据此，要根据句子意思来调整主句的谓语动词. exercises: 虚拟语气专项练习题一选出最佳答案。(1). if i you, i would go by plane. flying is much faster. a. be b. was c. were d. am(2). i do not think those people are really english. if they were, they speak with french accents. a. dont b. will not c. mustnt d. wouldnt(3). if jane tomorrow, what would you do? a. were not to come b. will not come c. would not come d. had not come(4）- where have you been? - i got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.a. i would be here b. i have been here c. i had been here d. i would have been here(5). “she didnt ask me, so i didnt help her?”“you mean to say , you would have helped her ?”a. if she asked you b. if she were to ask youc. if she had asked you c. were she to ask you(6). they took the injured straight to the hospital. otherwise some of them . a. might have died b. might die c. would die d. could die(7). if they had known him, to him? a. would they have talked b. would they talk c. had they talked d. they would talk(8). i would have gone to the concert, if i time. a. had had b. have had c. had d. would have had(9) what _you do if you won the lottery? a. will b. would c. shall d. should(10). “why didnt you help him?”“i would have i didnt have the money.” a. still b. but c. otherwise d. or(11). “who should go to see li ying? he is ill today.” “i suggest wang hong .”a. goes b. would go c. go d. went(12). her pale face suggested that she_ ill.a. should be b. be c. were d .was(13). the housemaster was strict. he requested that we television on week nights.a. not watch b. must not to watch c. not be watching d. have not watch(14). i cant speak japanese, but i do wish i . a. can b. could c. had d. speak(15). “are you enjoying your stay here?“yes, very much. i wish i have to leave so soon.”a. wont b. dont c. mustnt d. didnt(16). “what will you do during the summer holidays?”“i dont know, but its about time on something.” a. im deciding b. ill decide c. i decide d. id decided(17). id rather you anything about it for the time being.a. say b. didnt say c. dont say d. not say(18). “why do you have to be there at six?” “the teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.” a. would be b. can be c. be d. will be (19). henry talks to his dog as if it him. a. understands b. understood c. understand d. would understand(20). jeff looked as if he a ghost. a. saw b. has seen c. had seen d. would see(21).when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken(22). there was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week. a. had been b. would be c. was d. should be(23). the teacher insisted that we all back by two oclock. a. be b. to be c. would be d. shall be（24）.the girl insisted that she _ the glass.a. should break b. broke c. have broken d. hadnt broken(25). i didnt go to the football match, but i do wish i there. a. went b. was c. were d. had been(26).we _ the work on time without your help.a. hadnt had finished b.