3NB1300钻井泥浆泵液力端系统的设计【全套设计含CAD图纸】
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本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Current Status and Challenges of Heavy Oil Recovery Technology in Liao He Oilfield文献、资料来源：China Oil & Gas文献、资料发表日期： 2007 , 2 院 （部）： 机电工程学院专 业： 机械工程及自动化班 级：姓 名：学 号：指导教师：翻译日期： 外文文献：Current Status and Challenges of Heavy Oil Recovery Technology in Liaohe OilfieldIn China, the heavy oil resources concentrates in 12 basins with about 70 oil reservoirs. The most important four heavy oil fields are Liaohe, Xinjiang, Shengli and Henan Oilfields, of which, Liao he Oilfield and Xinjiang Oilfield belong to Petro China. Liaohe Oilfield is the largest heavy oil production base of Petro China. By the end of 2006, measured OOIP of heavy oil in Liao he Oilfield was 1.05 billion tons, of which developed place in volume was 840 million tons and undeveloped place in volume was 210 million tons. In 2006, the heavy oil output was 7.645 million tons in Liao he Oilfield, of which the annual production volume from cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) was 6.65 million tons (87.0%) and the production volume from steam flooding and SAGD was 175,000 tons, volume from cold production was 820,000 tons. Characteristics of heavy oil resources in Liao he OilfieldThe heavy oil in Liaohe oilfield has the following distinctive characteristics: a. Numerous heavy oil bearing formations with a total of 10 sets of heavy oil formations from Archaezoic to Cenozoic Formations; b. deeply buried heavy oil reservoirs ranging from 600m to 2300m; c. Various types of heavy oil reservoirs, that are classified into seven types based on the oil, gas and water relationships, including pure heavy oil reservoirs, oil-water alternating reservoirs, block reservoirs with bottom water, block reservoir with edge water, bottom water and top water, block reservoirs with bottom water, laminated reservoirs with edge water and buried hill reservoirs with bottom water; d. large variation of the heavy oil viscosity ranging from 200-300,000cP under the formation temperature.Current status of heavy oil development in Liao he OilfieldUp to now, the mature CSS technologies have been developed and widely applied in heavy oil recovery in Liao he Oilfield. The pilot tests of steam flooding and SAGD have gained success, which are under commercial popularization right now. We have developed the following dominant technologies for heavy oil development.The reservoir engineering design technology for CSS, steam flooding and SAGDThrough more than 20 years of inquiring practices, appropriate and characteristic reservoir engineering design technologies have been developed in Liao he Oilfield in the aspects of zone classification, well spacing and well pattern determination, vertical well and horizontal well configuration, injectionproduction relations and parameters optimization. The recovery factor of CSS is about 25% generally with maximum of 36.5%. The recovery factor of steam flooding in deep formation exceeds 55%. The recovery factor of SAGD in the middeep formation can be up to 60%.The complex CSS technology in the late stage of developmentIn view of the problems in late stage of CSS, such as steam channeling, limited heating radius, lowering OGR, increased operating cost, a series of complex CSS technologies with Liao he Oilfield characteristic have been developed, including the following:(1) Group well injection;(2) Zonal steam injection;(3) Steam injecting in one well and simultaneous producing in multiple adjacent wells;(4) Intermittent steam injection;(5) Gas assisted steam injection ;(6) Chemical assisted steam injection;(7) Steam injection with three kinds of media. Physical simulation technologyFor physical simulation technology, the unified similar physical criterion has been established for CSS, steam flooding and SAGD, and high temperature high pressure thermal recovery scale model and 2D visualized scale model have been perfected. Through the laboratory physical simulation, a series of problems have been solved, including the recovery mechanism recognition of steam flooding and SAGD, stage division, different stage development index technical limits, reasonable injection production parameter determination, etc., which have provided important evidences for production planning and adjusting.Immiscible flooding in conventional heavy oil reservoirsThe immiscible flooding pilot test with gas, chemical agent and hot water were carried out in 118m spacing inverted nine spots well pattern in Xinglongtai Oil Formation I in Block Jin-90. By the end of December 2006, the ratio of cumulated developed volume in the stage to OOIP was 11.8% from the immiscible flooding, with the ratio of average annual developed volume to OOIP was 1.52%, so the ultimate recovery factor by thermal recovery and immiscible flooding has reached 58%. Steam flooding technologyThe success has been obtained for the steam flooding pilot tests in mid-deep reservoirs in Liaohe Oilfield. At present, the commercial steam flooding has been carried out in 76 well groups with 20 million tons of reserves controlled. The pilot test comprises four 70m spacing inverted 9 spots well pattern, lasting 8 years, with the ratio of annual recovery reserve to OOIP of 3.1%, cumulated OGR of 0.18, the predicted recovery factor will be up to 56% by CCS and steam flooding.SAGD in supper heavy oil developmentThe success of SAGD pilot test has been obtained in mid-deep super heavy oil reservoirs (600-800m) based on the CSS recovery reserve percentage of 18%. In the SAGD pilot area, there are 4 horizontal production wells, 12 vertical injection wells, 13 observation wells. By theend of March 2007, the SAGD pilot test had lasted 2 years, with daily fluid production of 1267t, daily oil production of 373t, water cut of 70.6%, instantaneous OGR of 0.296, instantaneous production-injection ratio of 1.0 and average single well daily oil production of 93 tons. All the results showed that they had reached the designed peak production value on the whole.The technology of horizontal wells and fish bones for heavy oilThe horizontal wells have been widely used in Liaohe Oilfield. The favorable effects of the horizontal well include: a. it can effectively develop the thin zones and extremely thin reservoirs, as well as it can develop the poorly permeable super heavy oil; b. it can improve the development effect of the reservoir with bottom and edge water; c. the new water injection pattern has been developed by using vertical wells in SAGD. Performance monitoring technologyThe monitoring technologies include the whole process monitor technology for injection, soaking, well opening and oil pumping and the monitor technology for steam flooding and SAGD production performances.Drilling and production technologyThey include the drilling and completion technology for heavy oil horizontal wells and lateral wells, high effective heat insulation steam injection technology; heavy oil high temperature lift technology; the associated technology for heavy oil high temperature sand control process; the case repair technology for heavy oil wells; multi-level zonal steam injection technology in layered reservoir; pump skipping electric heating, well bore viscosity reduction and chemical viscosity reduction technologies for super heavy oil and extra heavy oil; the unified string for injection, production, flushing and controlling; the dryness distribution metering technology of the steam flooding; SAGD steam-water separation technology.The heavy oil sewage further processing technologyTechnical breakthroughs have been obtained in the following six aspects: oil and suspended matters removing technology; high effective gas floating screening technology; chemical silicon removing technology; multimedia fine filtering technology; large pore weak acid cation exchange softening technology; mud dewatering technology;Challenges of heavy oil development in Liaohe OilfieldThe challenges in heavy oil recovery in Liaohe Oilfield include:How to improve the development effects of the reserves which are not suitable for conversion into steam flooding in the late stage of CSSThere are about 300 million tons of CSS reserves, which are not suitable to be transferred into steam flooding under the current technical conditions, since for this kind of heavy oil, there is not any mature experience to be taken as references for the succeeding applied technology in steam flooding after CSS. Therefore it needs further researching in the aspect. At present, for most of the blocks, they had experienced 11.5 CSS cycles on average, and the pressure has declined to 20%-30% of the initial formation pressure, resulting in the decreased oil production, lowered OGR, rising production cost and poorer economic benefit. Under the current development conditions, the mature heavy oil area has experienced 2-3 times infilling, with well spacing shortening to 70-100m from 167-200m, without any room left for further infilling.The deep heavy oil steam flooding needs further improving the development effectsThere still exist some problems in the current steam flooding commercial execution, though the pilot tests have gained success in the deep reservoirs. In order to improve the development effects, the following technical issues are urgently needed to be solved out.(1) Multi-level zonal injection and testing technology in thin interbed reservoirs;(2) steam front performance monitoring technology in the multi-zone reservoirs;(3) the steam flooding performance adjusting and controlling technology in the multi-zone heterogeneous and large dipping reservoirs;(4) edge water and bottom water controlling technology;(5) the reservoir management technology after the commercial execution.It is urgently needed to carry out the research on SAGD in deep formation (larger than 1000m) especially in High(1) temperature rodless pump large discharge lifting technique;(2) High dryness steam injection technique in deep formation;(3) The horizontal well uniform steam absorption technique;(4) Produced fluid heat exchange and processing technique;(5) Edge water and bottom water controlling technique;(6) Heat energy comprehensive utilization;(7) The reservoir management technology after its commercial execution.The high effective water injection technology of conventional heavy oilIn Liaohe Oilfield, there are 80 million tons heavy oil reserves in block reservoirs and massive layered reservoirs, which are under water injection and marginally economic. The effects of conventional water injection and immiscible flooding are not ideal for these reservoirs, so it is urgent to explore new development technology in the following aspects: to explore new water injection pattern or new development technology; to carry out research on gravity oil displacement mechanism and related technology study; to carry out the research for seeking out economic and viscous enhancing injected media.SummaryThe heavy oil development practices in Liaohe Oilfield have undergone more than 20 years, and we have gained some recognition on CSS and on how to transfer it into steam flooding, so the development technologies with Liaohe Oilfield characteristics have been established in the course of development practices. However, as the development goes further, it gets increasingly harder and harder to develop the heavy oil since there are a lot of technical difficulties heading on. So, the research efforts for heavy oil recovery in Liaohe Oilfield will be strengthened in the next step in order to effectively develop the heavy oil resources and the international technical cooperation will be enhanced.中文译文：重油复苏技术在辽河油田的应用现状和面临的挑战在中国，重油资源集中在12盆地约70油藏。最重要的4重油领域有辽河，新疆、胜利和河南油田，其中，辽河油田和新疆油田属于中石油。辽河油田是最大的重油生产基地。到2006年底，在辽河油田衡量OOIP重油1.05亿吨，其中发达的地方,在货量840000万吨，不发达的地方，在货量为210000万吨。2006年，在辽河油田重油产量应用约764.5万吨， 其中，每年生产量蒸汽（CSS）665万吨（87.0），蒸汽驱和SAGD是17.5万吨，数量从冷战生产82万吨。在辽河油田重油资源的特色在辽河油田，重油的应用有以下鲜明的特点：a.到新生代地层为止一共有10套重油编队；b. 深埋的重油油藏一般从600米到2300米不等；c.各种各样的重油油藏可根据石油，天然气和水的关系，包括纯重油油藏，油水交替水库，断块油藏底水，座水库边水，底水和顶端的水， 断块油藏底水，叠层水库与边水和古潜山油藏底部水等分为七种类型; d. 重油粘度在200-300000cp地层温度下变化较大。辽河油田重油开发中状况到现在为止，成熟的CSS技术已广泛的应用在辽河油田重油的复苏上。该试验的蒸汽驱和SAGD取得了成功，根据商业大众化的权利，我们已制定了下列主导技术为重油开发。水库工程设计技术CSS，蒸汽驱和SAGD通过20年以上的探究的做法、适用和特点，水库工程设计技术已经在辽河油田开发并应用，在该方面的区域分类，包括井距和井网测定，垂直井和水平井以及配置，注射的生产关系和参数优化。经济复苏的因素CSS 占约25，一般最高36.5。第二个复苏的因素，蒸汽驱超过55。第三个经济复苏的因素SAGD，在中层深度形成可高达60。在后期发展的复杂化CSS技术关于在后期的CSS检视的问题，例如作为蒸汽窜，有限的热源半径，降低OGR，增加了经营成本，一系列带有辽河油田复杂的CSS 技术已经发展起来，包括下列各项： （1）组，以及注射液; （2）纬向注蒸汽; （3）一个良好的蒸汽注入，并同时生产在多个邻井;（4）间歇注汽;（5）气体辅助蒸汽注射液; （6）化学辅助注蒸汽; （7）注蒸汽与三种介质。物理模拟技术物理模拟技术，统一类似物理标准成立CSS，蒸汽驱和SAGD ，且高温度高压力热复苏的缩尺模型和2d可视化缩尺模型已经完善。通过实验室物理模拟，一系列的问题已解决，包括回收机制，承认蒸汽驱和SAGD，阶段划分，不同的阶段发展指数的技术限制，合理的参数的确定等，其中有提供了重要的证据，生产规划和调整。 浸在常规重油水库中的变异混溶水该混溶驱先导与气体，化学剂和热水进行了118米间距倒9点井网试验并在兴隆石油完成。由2006年12月底的比例来看，累积开发量OOIP是11.8 ，从混溶水浸的比例来看，平均每年OOIP开发量是1.52 ，因此最终采收率的因素，热回收和混溶驱已达到58 。蒸汽驱技术成功在辽河油田蒸汽驱在试验中深部储层的应用上，蒸汽驱技术已获得成功。在目前，商业蒸汽驱，已进行了在76个井组20万吨储备控制。该试验包括四个70米间距到9点井网，持续八年，比例以OOIP3.1每年回收储备，累积是OGR的0.18，预测复苏的因素将取决于56 CCS与蒸汽驱。重油开发成功的SAGDSAGD在重油开发成功的试验，已获得中深层超稠油油藏（600- 800米）基于CSS中复苏的储备比例的18 。在SAGD的试验区，有4个水平生产井， 12个垂直注水井，
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