四六级阅读理解一般规律（阅读备考策略）

四六级阅读理解一般规律,第一篇：阅读理解题答案项特征(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。 例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _ 。(1995年6月六级题22)A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant。B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true。C. most people have to take part-time jobs。D. people have to change their jobs from time to time。(分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有"have to"，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。),例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _ 。(1991年6月六级题40)A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life。B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago。D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。(分析：B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化，故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择，命中率就极高了。)(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。,例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _ 。(1999年6月四级题30)A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB. in many countries success often depends on one's social statusC. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America(分析：选项B中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)(三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。,According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六级题35)A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and bloodB. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a manC. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of manD. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。(分析：A项句子基本上是原文词句，C项中有already一词，语气太绝对化，故A、C两项被排除。剩下B、D两项，而D项中有不十分肯定语 气词may not,故选D。)(四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。,例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六级题25)A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers。B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded。C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet。D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect。(分析：根据短文内容可以看出，A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点，而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面，高度囊括了全篇短文 的主旨。),例(2) The first paragraph is mainly about _ . (1991年6月六级题22)？?A. the teenagers' criticism of their parentsB. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parentsC. the dominance of the parents over their childrenD. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis(分析：短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母，认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而B项意思是年青人和父母间的误解；C项意思 是父母对他们孩子的统治；D项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容，可以明确看出，B、C、D三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的，而A项则较全面 地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思，故为答案。),(五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。例(2) From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one . (1990年1月六级题)A. to be more successful in his careerB. to solve technical problemsC. to be more specialized in his fieldD. to develop his professional skill(分析：题意是"从文中看出员工素质有助于人们 .。" B项题即"解决技术问题"；C项意即"深化专业"；D项"发展职业技能"。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内 容。),第二篇：各类题型干扰项特点,(一)主旨大意题干扰项特点。(1)虽覆盖全文意思，但显得太笼统；(2)其内容太窄，不能覆盖全文内容，只是文章内容的一部分，或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节；(3)与文章内容毫不相干，或与文章内容相悖(二)细节题干扰项特点。 (1)与原句内容相反；(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同；(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化；(4)原文中根本没提到。,(三)逻辑推理题干扰项特点(1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _ 。(1996年1月六级题24)A. has brought about an information revolutionB. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computersC. has given rise to new forms of music cultureD. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments(分析：短文中句电子媒体本身是"信息革命"(information revolution)的一部分，而A项说"导致、带来"(brought about)信息革命，属推理过头。文中还谈到计算机本身是一种电子媒体，而这种媒体又是音乐物质文化的一个更为重要的部分，而B项"加速新一代计算机的 产生"从逻辑上推不出来。D项说导致了传统乐器的变革，而文中根本没提到"traditional musical instruments"属不在事实基础上进行揄，故错。因此，选项C才是正确答案。),(四)观点态度题干扰项特点纵观历届四、六级阅读理解试题在考查学生揣测作者观点态度时，正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的(如 positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等)要么是否定、批评、贬义性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等)而又以否定、贬义性居多。所以此类题型中的中性词(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均为干扰项。,第三篇：紧急状况下的阅读答题方法,做好阅读理解题，最理想的步骤是先迅速浏览五道题大体了解一下五道题各自提问了什么，各选项句是什么意思。然后带着题干的提问略读全文，以最快 的速度掌握所阅读材料中的主要内容和主要观点，模清五道题各自提问的内容大体在文章的什么位置，并做些相应的记号。接着开始逐个答题如果哪一题在略读基础 上不能选出，再到文中相应的地方进行查读、细读，直至选出正确答案。五题全做完后，最后把五个选出的答案连起来看一看，检查一下是否存在明显的逻辑不通或 相冲突。如果有，及时订正；如果没有，可以做下一篇文章。 (一)针对主旨大意题只读段首、段尾句。一般来说，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主题思想往往通过段首、段尾句表达出来。考生迅速找到了这些主题 句，也能答题。,The main idea of this passage is that _ 。(1991年6月六级题40)A. better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our lifeB. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.?D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。(分析：此题主要考某一段的中心意思。考生苦看到了该段第一句话：Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使没有通读全段，考生也应能选出A项为正确答案。(二)若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号、破折号)后内容出题，考生可只读例子、名人言话、符号前后句内容,(三)如果题目只是针对某一段内容而提问，考生可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到时要交卷，而能做出的题因时间不足而 瞎猜。 (四)针对词汇题，考生可只看词汇所在句和前后句内容即可答题，因为对单词字义的揣测，一般只通过单词所在句或前后句内容就能猜出。 The word "hassles" in the passage (Line 4) probably means _ 。(1993年6月六级题24)A. agreements B. disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels(分析：判断"hassles"意思，可从该词所在句前后句判断出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 从前后句意思及介词over, 考生可猜出"hassles"就是quarrels。),2010年6月四六级阅读理解猜词通用高分技能,词汇的理解 利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种： 同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，作者常使用一些信号词， 如：is/are (called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例： Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.或标点符号，如，()等，例：有时，作者用同位语形式或连词or给出定义，例： Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big，complex types of brainthe types we find among the vertebrates or backboned animals.,近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例： Although he often had the opportunity，Mr. Tritt never stole money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 反义对照在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号 词：although，but，however，though，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand等。例：Chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.,搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境，我们也能推知词义的大概轮廓。 比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例： Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 因果时间因与果、时间的先与后都是事物发展变化过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文推测词义时，这些关系也至关重要。例： Robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.,7)根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。    1、根据对比关系猜测词义    在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。    【例一】Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother， in contrast， is quite humble and modest.    该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast(相对照的，相对比的)可以提示我们：supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。    表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。    【例二】A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.    该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义“熟练的”。,英语四六级固定搭配,be satisfied with be satisfied of take/ make a stand for take/ make a stand against beside the question of ones free will assure sb. of sth. be subjected to give suspicion to make provision for be assigned to a close / narrow shave,be beside oneself be indispensable for in any case in case of in no case at all events in any event in the event of have/ gain access to bring/ put into operation catch sight of make way,influence in interference with once in a while decline with thanks dispose of reconcile to at stake prevail on/ upon prevail over dwell on / upon,2010年四六级作文预测,1)近年来越来越多的大学生开始使用信用卡2)分析产生该现象的原因3)针对大学生使用信用卡提出你的建议Credit Cards on Campus,In recent years, credit cards have gained more popularity among college students. With banks more focus on college market, an increasing number of college students have applied for credit cards and begun to consume by them.The following three factors can account for the popularity of credit cards on campus. Firstly, a credit card provides overdrawing service,（透支服务） which is a big attraction for those students who have not much money for their domination. Secondly, a credit card can help release financial burdens on those poor students, and hence reduce the risk of their dropping school for lacking money. Besides, many banks make some preferential policies on credit cards, like sending a gift, lowering year cost. Drawn by these policies, many college students have applied for credit cards.,As far as I am concerned, it is not a bad thing for college students to own credit cards. However, there is misuse of credit cards among college students. Many students use credit cards to buy luxurious things they dont need really, and even some of them owe a big credit card debt. Therefore, schools and banks have responsibility to let college students learn how to use credit cards properly. Only in this way can college students enjoy really the advantages of credit cards.,1)大学生出去旅行经常会选择“自助游”2)分析大学生选择“自助游”的原因3)你的看法       Self-help Traveling of College Students,So called self-h