Unit3Gettingalongwithothers语言知识拓展阅读话题写作-高一英语（译林版2020）

Unit3Gettingalongwithothers（必修第一册）单元整体分析单元主题本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是友谊。涉及的语篇类型有：论坛交流帖、视频、报刊文章、日记、名家散文和剪贴簿。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生形成正确的友谊观，习得有效的沟通交流技能，促进人际交往的健康发展，建立良好的人际关系。核心素养(1)语言能力：掌握和运用与常见的友谊相关的词汇、语法等知识，学习论坛交流的基本语篇结构和语言特征；(2)文化意识：理解不同文化背景下的友谊观，从而实现有效的跨文化交际；(3)思维品质：正确认识并能客观比较、分析、思考、区别和鉴别与他人的友谊，反思自己交友情况；(4)学习能力：就友谊这一话题，通过小组合作，用英语分享自己的日记，能正确表达自己对“青少年良好友谊关系”这一话题的见解，完成以友谊为主题的剪贴簿合集。第一部分语言知识问题：本单元有哪些与主题话题相关的核心词汇？这些词汇有多少是课标中必须掌握的？这些词汇学生应该掌握到什么程度？词汇教学该如何与高考对接？活动一核心词汇请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。1.Hereceivedtheawardin________________(recognize)ofhissuccessoverthepastyear.2.Another____________(benefit)aspectofgroupexerciseistheusefulinformationthatyoucanreceive.3.Beyondourexpectations,weweretreatedwith________________(generous)andthoughtfulness.4.Youowedhiman______________(apologize)forwhatyoudidandthenhewaslikelytoforgiveyou.5.Hehadtosaveenoughmoneysothathecouldmakehisparentslive____________(fort).6.Therearestrongwinds________________(pany)byheavyrain.7.Helitupacigarette,________________(ignore)allthe“NoSmoking”signs.8.Theybegantorecoverslowlyfromtheirnightmareofpainand____________(suffer).9.Studentsaswellastheirteachertalkabouttheoriesaboutthe____________(original)oflife.10.It’stimethathe____________(seek)professionaladvicefromhisteacher.【答案】1.recognition 2.beneficial 3.generosity 4.apology 5.fortably6.acpanied 7.ignoring 8.suffering 9.origin 10.sought活动二重点短语问题：本单元中有哪些重要短语和固定搭配？这些短语和搭配在高考试卷中有什么样的体现？根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。bringout,ataloss,ontherocks,infullmeasure,getover,throughthickandthin,eatawayat1.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadness__________________.2.Hisparentswereneversatisfiedwithhim,which__________________hisselfconfidence.3.Hevolunteered__________________thedifficultytohelptheyouthintheadventure.4.Wecanseethatfriendsarepeoplewhosupportyou__________________.5.Peopleoftenavoid__________________theworstinthemselves.【答案】1.infullmeasure 2.ateawayat 3.togetover4.throughthickandthin 5.bringingout活动三必备句型问题：本单元有哪些必备句型？这些句型该如何梳理出来？又该如何学会使用这些句型？课文原句(1)友谊有双重优势—幸福呈现更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)不管我们是步行去学校还是周末去闲逛，我们几乎都不离开彼此的视线。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写句子Idon’tfeellikerespondingtoanyofheronlinemessages.我不想回复她的任何在线信息。仿写：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________每当你想要放弃时，用这个故事激励自己。(4)Inanycase,findanopportunitytohaveafullandfranktalkwithher.无论如何，找个机会和她深入坦诚地谈一谈。仿写：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________无论如何，他都会立刻回复他所收到的邮件。翻译句子(5)我们能够看到朋友是不顾艰难险阻支持你的人。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(6)当Amy发现她被朋友欺骗了，她勃然大怒。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)Friendshiphasadoubleadvantagehappinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbeesatroublehalved.(2)Whetherwe’rewalkingtoschoolorhangingoutattheweekend,we’rehardlyoutofeachother’ssight.(3)Wheneveryoufeellikegivingup,usethestorytoencourageyourself.(4)Inanycase,hewillimmediatelyrespondtoemailsthathereceives.(5)Wecanseethatfriendsarepeoplewhosupportyouthroughthickandthin.(6)WhenAmyfoundthatshewastrickedbyherfriend,sheexplodedwithanger.自选佳句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________活动四单元语法：由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句问题：与本单元语法“由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句”相关的核心概念有哪些？关系代词有哪些？分别有哪些功能？基础知识(1)定语修饰名词或代词，说明其品质或特征。单个词位于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句位于被修饰词的后面。(2)定语从句：修饰一个名词、代词或句子的从句称为定语从句。先行词：被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。(3)引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。(4)who修饰人，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。whom修饰人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，但前面有介词时不能省略。whose修饰人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。that修饰人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。which修饰物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。as修饰整个句子，意为“正如……”。2.根据句意，选用适当的关系代词填空。(1)IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,____________myclassmatesremendedtome.(2)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof____________usesitdifferently.(3)Apany____________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(4)We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth____________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.(5)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof____________arefamilymembers.(6)Thereisnosimpleanswer,____________isoftenthecaseinscience.(7)Finallyhereachedalonelyisland____________waspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.(8)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____________liveswereaffected.(9)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____________livewithintheGiantPandaRange.(10)Thereisachildinthisclass____________Ibelieveisamusicalgenius.【答案】(1)Which (2)which (3)whose (4)which/that (5)whom(6)as (7)which/that (8)whose (9)that (10)who3.语篇填空WorldSleepDay,(1)________isobservedon21March,iscreatedtobringattentiontothegrowingnumberofsleepproblemsworldwide.In2021,scientistsconductedasurveyofover35,000peoplein10countriesaroundtheworld,among(2)________wereChina,BelgiumandSouthAfrica.Ofthepeople(3)________respondtothesurvey,mostpeoplesuffertheeffectsofpoorqualitysleep.Thereasonsforbadsleepcanbelistedasfollows:morepeopleslideintothesituation,(4)________theyhavesleeplossfornoisepollutionandlightpollution.Also,thepressurefromschoolorworkmakesthemunabletogetintosleep,(5)________shorttermeffectsarebeingtiredandhavingtroubleconcentrating.Ifthishappensforalongterm,theymayhavehealthproblemsinthefuture,(6)________itistoolate.Therearemanythingswecandotoimprovethesleepquality.First,weshouldhaveregularsleephabits,trytogotobed,andwakeuparoundthesametimeeachday,(7)________canguaranteethebasicsleeptimesoastogainenoughenergy.Second,createamildenvironment,(8)________ourbedroomsarecool,darkandquitesoasnottobedisturbed.Finally,lengthentheinterval(9)________weconsumecaffeine,coffee,chocolateandtea(10)________maykeepusfromsleeping.【答案】(1)which (2)which (3)who (4)where (5)whose(6)when (7)which (8)where (9)when (10)which/that建议1.梳理和复习与友谊主题相关的重点词汇、短语，总结这些词汇和短语的用法；2.模仿自选佳句，让学生先内化再应用；3.语法复习让学生搭建定语从句中关系代词用法的框架，教师要精讲精练；4.回归课本，读熟单元中的话题语篇，积累与友谊话题相关的素材，为应用文写作奠定基础。第二讲拓展阅读问题1.本单元话题是友谊，如何通过互文阅读形成正确的友谊观、提升思维品质？问题2.如何通过语篇阅读，训练学生的解题策略？如词义猜测、主旨大意。活动一阅读理解A【语篇类型】说明文【核心素养】学习能力Teenswhohavegood,supportiverelationshipswiththeirteachersenjoybetterhealthasadults,accordingtoresearchpublishedbyanAmericanresearchcenter.“Thisresearchsuggeststhatimprovingstudents’relationshipswithteacherscouldhavepositiveandlonglastingeffectsbeyondjustacademicsuccess,”saidJinhoKim,aprofessoratKoreaUniversityandauthorofthestudy.“Itcouldalsobringabouthealthimplicationsinthelongrun.”Previousresearchhassuggestedthatteens’socialrelationshipsmightbelinkedtohealthoutesinadulthood.However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscausal(因果的)—itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationshipproblemsinadolescenceandtopoorhealthinadulthood.Also,mostresearchhasfocusedonteens’relationshipswiththeirpeers(同龄人)ratherthanontheirrelationshipswithteachers.Toexplorethosequestionsfurther,Kimanalyzeddataonnearly20,000participantsfromtheAddHealthstudy,anationalstudyintheU.S.thatfollowedparticipantsfromseventhgradeintoearlyadulthood.Theparticipantpoolincludedmorethan3,400pairsofsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Asteens,participantsansweredquestions,like“Howoftenhaveyouhadtroublegettingalongwithotherstudentsandyourteachers?”Asadults,participantswereaskedabouttheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Kimfoundthatparticipantswhohadreportedbetterrelationshipswithboththeirpeersandteachersinmiddleandhighschoolalsoreportedbetterphysicalandmentalhealthintheirmid20s.However,whenhecontrolledforfamilybackgroundbylookingatpairsofsiblingstogether,onlythelinkbetweengoodteacherrelationshipsandadulthealthremainedsignificant.Theresultssuggestteacherrelationshipsaremoreimportantthanpreviouslyrealizedandthatschoolsshouldinvestintrainingteachersonhowtobuildwarmandsupportiverelationshipswiththeirstudents.“Thisisnotsomethingthatmostteachersreceivemuchtrainingin,”Kimsaid,“butitshouldbe.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“implications”inParagraph2referto?A.Recipes. B.Habits. C.Benefits. D.Risks. 2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Poorhealthinadolescence B.LimitationsofthepreviousresearchC.Teens’relationshipswiththeirpeers. D.Factorsaffectinghealthinadulthood.3.WhatdoesKim’sresearchshow?A.Goodadulthealthdependsonteens’goodteachers.B.GoodfamilybackgroundpromiseslongtermadulthealthC.Healthypeerrelationshipsleadstostudents’academicsuccess.D.Positivestudentteacherrelationshiphelpsstudents’adulthealth.4.Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?A.Ahealthmagazine. B.AmedicalreportC.Atermpaper D.Afamilysurvey.1.C。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的improvingstudents'relationshipswithteacherscouldhavepositiveandlonglastingeffectsbeyondjustacademicsuccess可知，改善学生和老师的关系除了有助于学习，还有其他积极和持久的影响；最后一句Itcouldalsobringabouthealthimplicationsinthelongrun.中的also暗示了本句应是说“从长远来看它也会带来健康好处”。2.B。主旨大意题。第三段提到以前的研究可能表明了青少年的社交关系和成年期的健康有联系，但是不确定这两者之间有没有因果关系，而且大部分的研究主要关注的是青少年和同龄人之间的关系，而不是和老师的关系。由此可知，本段主要介绍了以前的研究的局限。3.D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的onlythelinkbetweengoodteacherrelationshipsandadulthealthremainedsignificant可知，好的师生关系有助于成年时的健康。4.A。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了青少年有良好的师生关系有助于在成年时有更好的健康状况，由此可知，本文可能选自有关健康的杂志。B【语篇类型】记叙文【核心素养】思维品质Ithasalwaysbeenhorribleformetopicturemylifeinoldage.Myrecentvisitstotheseniorcarecenter,however,easedsomeofmyfearsandprovidedvaluablefoodforthought.Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigneduptoaprogramofartsandcraftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.IwasinformedthattheRenciNursingHome,wheretheprogramwouldbeheld,housedsomeofthelessfortunateelderlyinSingapore.Somebackgroundresearchgavemetheimpressionthatmanyofthemsufferedfromphysicalissuesandhadlittlefamilysupport.Asaresult,Iexpectedtheatmospheretheretobediscouraging.And,judgingbythelackofinterestinthepaintingactivities,Itrulysensedafeelingofpurposelessnessthere.Giventhatweliveinasocietyinwhichthebondsbetweenthegenerationsareweakening,perhapsthedisappointingatmosphereinthehomewasn’tsurprising.Thepeoplewerecutofffromthetiesthatmakelifemeaningful.Isitsafetosaythenthatourlivesafterretirementwilllikelyfeelaimless?ButafterIspoketoaPortugueseChineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn’tnecessarilyso.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptionalamongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.Hehadspenthislifeeithertravelingaroundtheworldasabackpacker,orworkinghardinSingaporetosaveupforhistrips.Hehadmadeitaruletolearnforeignlanguages,exerciseandeathealthily—somethinghecontinuedtododuringhisstayinthenursinghome.WhilehespoketomeabouthowhistimeinLondonhadshapedhisviewofculturaldifference.Ilookedintohiseyes.IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatIwantedformyself.Idon’twanttospendhalfofmytimewanderingaboutinforeigncountrieslikehedid,butIdowanttoappreciatetherichnessthatlifehastooffer.5.WhydidtheauthorgototheRenciNurseryHome?A.Becauseitwasrunbyhisschoolmates. B.Becausehemeanttolearnartsandcrafts.C.Becausehewantedasignificantweekend. D.Becauseithousedsomelessfortunateelderly.6.Beforetheauthorenteredthenursinghome,hethoughtitwas_______.A.aplacefilledwithdepressions B.aplacesolvingphysicalproblemsC.aplacefullofimpressiveactivities D.aplaceconnectingdifferentgenerations7.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehisattitudetowardoldage?A.Thehardworkoftheelderly. B.Thelivelinessofanoldman.C.Theviewofculturaldifference. D.Thecareofthenursinghome.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.CaringfortheElderly. B.LivingbyHisOwnLaw.C.TravelingonOurWay D.PreparingfortheOldAge.5.C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigneduptoaprogramofartsandcraftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.可知，作者去theRenciNurseryHome是为了寻找有意义的方式来度过周末。6.A。细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Asaresult,Iexpectedtheatmospheretheretobediscouraging.可知，作者在进入养老院之前，认为那里的气氛是令人沮丧的。7.B。细节理解题。根据第三段“ButafterIspoketoaPortugueseChineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn’tnecessarilyso.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptionalamongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.可知，是一个活泼的90岁老年人让作者改变了他对老年的态度。8.B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在养老院遇到一位90高龄，但仍然充满活力的老人，结合第三段“Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.和最后一段“IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatIwantedformyself.可知，老人对生活的控制，即“做自己人生的主人”，这种生活态度让作者推崇备至，这也是作者想表达的主题。活动二完形填空【语篇类型】记叙文【核心素养】语言能力、思维品质 WhenAmandaMoorenoticedthatthenewstudentfromMexicoalwayssataloneatlunch,shedecidedtobefriendRafaelAnaya.Shealsonoticedthathe1tounderstandEnglish.ThensheusedtheGoogleTranslateapptohandwritealetterinSpanishaskinghimto2herforlunch.Heraction3herthe“StudentoftheMonth”awardforOctoberatschool.Actually,Rafaelalways4becausehefeltsolonely.“HealwaysatelunchaloneandIfelt5aboutthat,”Amandasaid.SheknewhespokeSpanishandheseemedlonely.Shespentthewholeafternoon6writingtheletter,usingtheapptohelpher.ThenextdayAmandahandedthelettertoRafaelandwaitedforhis7.Itwasn’tuntiltheirmathclassthathesaid“yes”.Thetwohadbeen8togetherforluncheversince.TheletterhelpedRafaelfeelmorefortableandencouragedhimto9hisEnglishharder.“IthinkforRafaelitmadeahuge10,”saidtheirteacher.HereallywantstolearnEnglishtotalktoAmanda.ThetwousedhandgesturesandGoogleTranslatefor11nowbuttheyhopeditwouldbee12whenRafael’sEnglishimproved.And,Amandawaslearningsome13.Amanda’smotherfelt14movedbyherdaughter’saction.“Itisjustsosweet,”shesaid.“Ithinkthis15isspecial.”1.A.appeared B.happened C.struggled D.managed2.A.prepare B.join C.leave D.pay3.A.saved B.cost C.earned D.proved4.A.wept B.listened C.chatted D.laughed5.A.bad B.curious C.glad D.doubtful6.A.painfully B.hurriedly C.carefully D.correctly7.A.arrival B.ment C.appreciation D.reply8.A.sitting B.waiting C.working D.singing9.A.putupwith B.workon C.showoff D.lookforwardto10.A.popularity B.difference C.choice D.plan11.A.petition B.typing C.travel D.munication12.A.easier B.quicker C.simpler D.harder13.A.English B.psychology C.math D.Spanish14.A.widely B.deeply C.gently D.wisely15.A.discussion B.suffering C.friendship D.donation1.C。考查动词词义辨析。根据“sheusedtheGoogleTranslateapptohandwritealetterinSpanish可知，RafaelAnaya不懂英语，因此她要很努力地去理解英语，struggletodo：努力做某事。2.B。考查动词词义辨析。根据“WhenAmandaMoorenoticedthatthenewstudentfromMexicoalwayssataloneatlunch”可知，AmandaMoore是想要和他“一起”吃午餐，“joinherforlunch”可以表达这个意思。3.C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的行动使她获得了10月份的“优秀学生”奖。AmandaMoore看到RafaelAnaya因为不懂英语而一个人吃饭便开始关心他，和他一起吃饭使他不再那么孤单，因此她的做法是值得赞扬的，因此而“赢得”奖励。4.A。考查动词词义辨析。wept哭泣；根据“becausehefeltsolonely”可知，他的心情是不好的，因此wept可以表达这种感情色彩。5.A。考查形容词词义辨析。根据“Healwaysatelunchalone”可知，因为RafaelAnaya不懂英语而一个人吃饭，因此Amanda心中的感觉应该是不舒适的。6.C。考查副词词义辨析。根据“spentthewholeafternoon（她花了整整一个下午）”可知，她写信写的是很认真的。7.D。考查名词词义辨析。根据“tohandwritealetterinSpanishaskinghimtojoinherforlunch”可知，Amanda把信给Rafael后要等待答复。8.A。考查动词词义辨析。根据“yes”可知，Rafael同意和Amanda一起吃饭，因此他们两个人从此吃饭时便坐在了一起。9.B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：这封信使Rafael感到更加自在，并鼓励他更加努力地致力于英语的学习。A.putupwith忍受；B.workon致力于，从事于；C.showoff炫耀；D.lookforwardto期待。10.B。考查名词词义辨析。据第9题的分析可知，Rafael有了学习英语的信心，也不再一个人吃午饭了，因此Amanda的做法对Rafael的生活产生了影响，makeadifference：有作用，有影响。11.D。考查名词词义辨析。根据“handgesturesandGoogleTranslate”可知，他们使用这些的目的是为了沟通和交流。12.A。考查形容词词义辨析。根据“whenRafael’sEnglishimproved”可知，如Rafael的英语水平提高时，他们的沟通就会容易一些。13.D。考查名词词义辨析。根据11题的分析可知，他们使用手势和GoogleTranslate进行交流，Rafael是说西班牙语的，他和Amanda学习英语，那么自然而然Amanda也跟他学习一些西班牙语。14.B。考查副词词义辨析。根据“Itisjustsosweet.”可知，他们使用手势和GoogleTranslate进行交流，Rafael是说西班牙语的，Amanda的妈妈认为女儿的做法很好，妈妈都深受感动。15.C。考查名词词义辨析。由前文的分析可知，Amanda帮助Rafael走出困境，因此二人会建立一份友谊。建议1.在阅读过程中运用本单元的策略Learningcollocations；2.总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度；3.关注篇章结构、长难句分析、设问方式和信息的加工处理。EasyEnglishIsWaitingforYouEasyEnglishIsWaitingforYou_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________