Grammar语法动词不定式做定语和结果状语（学生版）-高一英语讲义（译林版2020）

Unit2NaturalDisasters2.2Grammar动词不定式作定语和结果状语知识精讲概念知识精讲一、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语一般不止一个词，通常都是动词不定式短语。因此，作定语的动词不定式放在名词或代词的后面，起修饰和限制作用。如：Housepricesaretoohigh,soIhavenoroomtolivein.Ihavetohirearoom.Heshowedmethewaytodothejob.TodayisSunday.Ihavenothingtodo.放在名词或代词后面作定语的不定式和名词或代词常构成以下关系：1．名词为不定式的逻辑主语。Hisfatherwastherightpersontofindthemissingboy.他父亲就是那个找到失踪男孩的人。注意：当中心词为序数词，最高级，thelast，theonly等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。Sheishard­workingandisalwaysthefirstonetoeeveryday.她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来的。Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.他是唯一了解真相的人。2．名词为不定式的逻辑宾语。please.In，please.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.请注意，我有重要的事情要说。Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat.他每天叫一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，需加介词才能与名词构成动宾关系。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.给我一张纸写字。Shehasachildtotakecareof.她有一个孩子要照顾。3．名词与不定式是同位语关系。Whohastheabilitytodothework?谁有能力做这个工作？Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.他不是可能做这种事的人。4．动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。Thehousetobebuiltnextyearwillbeforthehomeless.明年要建造的这所房子是给那些无家可归的人的。Thesubjecttobediscussedtomorrowisabouteduction.明天要讨论的主题是关于教育的。二、动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构：1．so＋形容词/副词＋astodo如此……以至于……Hestudiedsohardastopassthelastexam.他如此努力学习以致于通过了上次的考试。2．such＋形容词＋名词＋astodo如此……以至于……Heisnotsuchafoolastodothat.他还没有蠢到做那种事。do...ughtodo...足够……Theboywasexperiencedenoughtodealwithsuchaperson.对付那样一个人，那个男孩很有经验。Hewalkedfastenoughtokeepupwithhiscoach.他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。4．too＋形容词/副词＋todo太……而不能……Theoldwomanwastooweaktocarrytheheavybox.这个老太太太虚弱而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。to...verto...结构中Hissonlefthomeonacoldmorning，nevertoreturn.他儿子在一个寒冷的早上离开了家，再也没有回来。注意：(1)不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。Hehurriedtothestation，onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车开走了。(2)现在分词短语也可以作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。Hisparentsdiedearly，leavinghimanorphan.他父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。分层提分题组A基础过关练分层提分一、单项选择1．Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_____thathiswifehadlefthim.A．finding B．tofind C．beingfound D．tohavefound2．Hehurriedtothestation,________the9:30trainhadalreadyleft.A．onlytofind B．found C．tofind D．finding3．Mikeandhisfriendwenttothestadiuminahurry,only______thenewsthatthematchhadalreadybeenputoff.A．beinginformed B．informedof C．tobeinformed D．tobeinformedof4．Hehurriedtotheairport,_________theplane_________.A．tofind;hadtakenon B．onlytofind;hadtakenoffC．onlyfinding;hadleft D．found;hadtakenup5．Ihurriedtothestation,_______thetrainhadleft.A．finding B．onlytofind C．found D．havingfound6．Ipickedupmyphoneandwasabouttocallyou,________thebatterywasdead.A．finding B．onlytofind C．found D．havingfound7．I’veneverbeensopoor________abletoaffordameal.A．astobenot B．notastobe C．asnottobe D．astonotbe8．Iwenttoseehim,only________himout.A．tofind B．found C．finding D．founded9．Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,only________thetrainhadleft.A．find B．found C．finding D．tofind10．Themanhurriedtotheairport,only________theplanehadalreadytakenoff.A．tofind B．tobefound C．finding D．found11．Shehurriedtoherofficebytaxi,only_____thatthekeyhadbeenleftathome.A．finding B．found C．find D．tofind12．Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A．totell B．tobetold C．telling D．told13．YesterdayIwenttoseehim,______thathehadgoneforBeijing.A．onlytolearn B．tolearnonly C．onlylearned D．learningonly14．Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,only________thatit________.A．beingtold;wasdecorated B．telling,haddecoratedC．tobetold;wasbeingdecorated D．told;hadbeendecorating15．Haveyoueverwaitedforyourbusforaverylongtime,_____bytwoormorebusesarrivingtogether?A．onlytogreet B．onlygreeted C．onlytobegreeted D．onlygreeting16．Helefthomeearlyonly______hewaslateashewentawrongway.A．found B．tofind C．finding D．beingfound17．Haveyoueverrushedtogetaphonecell,drippingfromthebathorchewingfromthetable,_________youareawrongnumber?A．andbeingtold B．buttold C．onlytobetold D．justtotell18．Maryrushedhome______sheheardthenews,only______thatherhusbandwasgone.A．assoonas;finding B．immediately;tofindC．themoment;find D．when;found19．Healwayshasgoodways________hisclasses________.A．inmaking;

interesting B．tomake;

interestedC．tomake;

interesting D．ofmaking;

interested20．It’sgettinglate,sowemuststopdrivingtolookforaplace________.A．tolive B．tolivein C．living D．toliveon21．WhatisthebestwayTomcanthinkof______Lucywithherstudy?A．tohelp B．helping C．help D．helped22．In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman___________theNobelPrize.A．winning B．won C．towin D．haswon23．Thehouse___________nextmonthisintendedformyuncle.A．building B．built C．tobebuilt D．tobuild24．Johnwaitedforalongtimebecausehewasthelastperson____________tospeak.A．toask B．tobeasked C．beingasked D．toasked25．Procrastinationcanoftenpose________topeople’sability________theirgoalssuccessfully,whichisevident,forexample,inthefactthatitisassociatedwithreceivingworsegradesatschool.A．aquestion…ofpursuing B．anobstacle…topursueC．adilemma…topursue D．ahindrance…topursuing26．VascodaGamawasaPortugueseexplorerandthefirstEuropean_______Indiabysea.A．toreach B．reaching C．reached D．reach27．Hewaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,ashehadatrain________.A．catching B．caught C．tobecaught D．tocatch28．Everygenerationhasthedutyto_____heritageofknowledgefromthepast.A．letdown B．passdown C．falldown D．cutdown29．ButIlearnedfromMrsCaffierethatmyteachershadsomuchmoreknowledge________.A．tobeshared B．shared C．toshare D．tohavebeenshared30．—Don'tbelate!Weallagreethelastone________paysthebill.—Noproblem!Iwilleaheadoftime.A．arrived B．arrives C．arriving D．toarrive31．Thisisthebestway________you________theproblem.A．for,tosolving B．of,tosolveC．of,ofsolving D．for,tosolve32．Withvictoriesinwomen's10mairrifleandtheairriflemixedteampetition,YangQianbecamethefirstChineseshooter________twogoldmedalsinarowinoneOlympicGames.A．winning B．towin C．won D．havingwon33．Theconference________nextmonthisboundtobeagreatsuccess.A．willtakeplace B．takingplace C．takenplace D．totakeplace34．Theteachergavemeapieceofpaper________.A．towriteon B．tobewrittenon C．towritein D．tobewritten35．Mostimportantly,theelderlyareusuallythefirst________thefoodbecausetheyarewell________inChina.A．totaste;torespect B．totaste;respected C．tasting;torespect D．tasting;respected36．Duetothefrequentschoolshootings,theonlywaythepresidentcouldimagine________suchtragedieswastoencourageteacherstocarryguns.A．preventing B．topreventC．prevented D．havingprevented37．Thewayhethoughtof________theproblemfailedintheend.A．toworkout B．workingout C．workout D．beingworkedout38．Theairport________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A．beingpleted B．pleted C．havingbeenpleted D．tobepleted39．Allthecountrieshavetheresponsibilitytomaketheearthabetterplace________.A．livein B．livingin C．tolivein D．livedin40．Ihavenomoreletters________，thankyou.A．totype B．typing C．tobetyped D．typed题组B能力提升练二、用单词的适当形式完成句子41．—Thelastperson________(arrive)paysthemeal.—Iagree！42．WangShu,a49yearoldChinesearchitect,isthefirstChinesecitizen________(win)thisaward.43．Idon’thavetime________(sit)aroundfeelingsorryformyself.44．Thehouse________therewillbealibrary.（build）45．Magellanwasthefirstperson________(sail)aroundtheworld.46．Tomworkshardandheisalwaysthelastone________(leave)theclassroomeveryday.47．Heisalwaysthefirst________(arrive)attheschool.48．Thelivingconditionsthereseverelyrestrictedthechildren’sfreedom________(play).49．Hisability________(get)onwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.50．He'salwaysthefirstone___________(e)totheclassroom.

51．Theydidn’tgivehimachance_____(defend)himself.52．On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld________(go)intospace.53．Theseactivitiesseemedtosatisfymydesire_____(be)usefulandtofeelameaningfulconnectiontothelivesofothers.54．There’snothing________(indicate)thatitwasn’tastraightforwardaccident.55．KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectiveways________(improve)ourEnglishwritingability.________(pare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakeslesstime.56．Theywerethefirstpeople_________(reach)thetopofthemountain.57．Intheearly1600s,Galileowasthefirst_________(use)histelescopetoexploretheskyandsincethen,telescopeshavecontinuallyimproved.58．We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourpany.59．(2019·全国II)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans__________(retire)fromher36yearoldbusiness.60．Thisistheonlywaywecanthinkof________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.61．Mostoftheirtimeisspentsleepinginthetrees,whichisthebestplace________(see)akoala.62．Chinawasthefirstcountry________（drink）greenteamorethan4,000yearsagoanditstillenjoyspopularitytoday.63．Unlessyoucansleepwell,youwilllosetheability________（focus）,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.64．Hisfirstbook________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.65．Hehadalotofthings________(buy),sohearoseearlyinthemorningandwenttotown.66．ItisreportedthatArmstrongisthefirstman_____(step)onthemoon.67．Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempt________（control）theworldtheylivedin,throughagriculture.68．Wemusthavethecourage________（say）thatweareignorant.69．Hehurriedtothehouseonly________(find)thatitwasempty.70．Everyteamisfree________(choose)itsownroutefromcontrolpointtocheckpoint.71．Shehurriedtothestationonly______(tell)thetrainhadgone.72．Theyoungmanhurriedhome,only________（find）hishousebrokeninto.73．Theoldladywasdetermined,evenatherage,________（climb）themountaintofindtheherb（草药）thatcouldsavehersickson.74．Theinfinitedistancesofspacearetoogreatforthehumanmind________(prehend).75．Studentsbraveenough_________(take)thisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.76．Duringrushhours,thesubwayisalwaystoocrowdedforpeople________(get)on.77．Iwastooyoung________(know)howtosolvetheproblem.78．Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusytocarry________aconversationwithher.79．Becauseofthetighttimetable,hewasoncetootired___________(work).80．SometimesIwastooweak________(go)toschoolsomyeducationsuffered.(所给词的适当形式填空）81．Irantoofast________(notice)whereIwasgoing.(所给词的适当形式填空）82．Tomliftedarockonly________（drop）ittohisownfeet.(所给词的适当形式填空）83．Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______(tell)thefilmstarshadleft.84．Theyrushedtothecinemaonly________(tell)theticketshadbeensoldout.(所给词的适当形式填空）85．Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough________(get)

arelatedcollegedegree.86．Thespeechhallinourschoolisbigenough__________(hold)2,000people.87．When________(ask),